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Articles 211 - 224 of 224
Full-Text Articles in Agribusiness
An Optimization Model Of The Dual-Purpose Cattle Production System In The Humid Lowlands Of Venezuela, Charles F. Nicholson, David R. Lee, Richard N. Boisvert, Robert W. Blake, Isabella C. Urbina
An Optimization Model Of The Dual-Purpose Cattle Production System In The Humid Lowlands Of Venezuela, Charles F. Nicholson, David R. Lee, Richard N. Boisvert, Robert W. Blake, Isabella C. Urbina
Agribusiness
We developed a deterministic, multi-period linear programming (LP) model of the dual-purpose (milk-beef) cattle production system in the Sur del Lago region of Venezuela. The LP model selected animal, forage, and purchased feed activities subject to nutritional, land, and herd composition constraints to maximize discounted herd net margin. A cattle nutrition model provided original coefficients for feeds and animal nutrient requirements. Revised coefficients resulted from an iterative procedure to avoid errors from the interaction between diet and requirements. Model applications demonstrated that alternatives to traditional feeding practices are profitable and nutritionally feasible. However, the benefits of alternative nutritional management depend …
Ultrafiltration In The Ontario Dairy Industry, Wayne H. Howard, Remy Lambert
Ultrafiltration In The Ontario Dairy Industry, Wayne H. Howard, Remy Lambert
Agribusiness
The economics of introducing ultrafiltration (UF) into the Ontario dairy industry is analyzed. First, a partial budget is developed to determine feasibility of UF on the farm. The budget indicates that the great majority of Ontario dairy farms are not large enough to capture the economies of size inherent in the new technology. Second, a location-allocation model is used to determine the feasibility, number and location of UF collection centers in Ontario. The model indicates that the UF centers would capture the economies of size and the centers would benefit the dairy industry as a whole. However, processors of soft …
Estimating The Effectiveness Of Extension Information Systems Using Farm Trical And Subjective Probabilities, Wayne H. Howard, Robert W. Blake, Thomas O. Knight, Richard C. Shumway, Michael A. Tomaszewski
Estimating The Effectiveness Of Extension Information Systems Using Farm Trical And Subjective Probabilities, Wayne H. Howard, Robert W. Blake, Thomas O. Knight, Richard C. Shumway, Michael A. Tomaszewski
Agribusiness
A method of combining survey data and Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) records to achieve low cost farm trials is presented. Farm trials and surveys of current practices and production responses are useful to identify yield gaps between expectations predicted from experimental findings and actual field results. Different management schemes can be ranked using subjective probabilities and stochastic dominance to enhance successful implementation of research findings and to increase the feedback between researchers, extension workers, and producers. A survey of current masitis control practices and expected milk yield response is the example. Combining survey results with DHIA records allowed estimating …
Urbanization And Food Imports In Sub-Saharan Africa, James Tabi, Wayne H. Howard, Truman Phillips
Urbanization And Food Imports In Sub-Saharan Africa, James Tabi, Wayne H. Howard, Truman Phillips
Agribusiness
The Granger statistical test of causality was used to examine the relationship between total food imports and urbanization and between food aid and urbanization. Urbanization appears to have caused total food imports to increase in 13 of the 24 countries. Food imports appear to be a cause of urbanization in three countries. Food aid, however, apparently was a cause of urbanization in 16 of the 24 countries used in the analysis.
Monitoring And Controlling Mastitis On Ontario Dairy Farms, Wayne H. Howard, Ravinderpal Gill, Kenneth E. Leslie, Kerry Lissemore
Monitoring And Controlling Mastitis On Ontario Dairy Farms, Wayne H. Howard, Ravinderpal Gill, Kenneth E. Leslie, Kerry Lissemore
Agribusiness
The frequency of use and the marginal costs and marginal value products of mastitis control practices on somatic cell count (SCC) and milk yield are investigated. A survey of current management practices is combined with Dairy Herd Improvement production information to determine the relationships between milk yield, SCC, management practices, and production and producer characteristics under field conditions. The relationships are modeled and compared at the cow and herd level. A moment-generating approach is used in the herd model to determine which, if any, practices are risk reducing. The SCC for an individual cow is a better indicator of milk …
Regional Adjustment Response In The U.S. Dairy Sector To Changes In Milk Support Price, Alfons Weersink, Wayne H. Howard
Regional Adjustment Response In The U.S. Dairy Sector To Changes In Milk Support Price, Alfons Weersink, Wayne H. Howard
Agribusiness
Milk production supply response at the regional level for the U.S. dairy sector is estimated through the use of dynamic dual models. Adjustment rates and elasticity measures are presented, and then the estimated parameter coefficients are used to stimulate shifts in production resulting from price changes. A drop in milk price designed to realign market conditions is projected to be borne largely by the Corn Belt and, to a lesser extent, the western states.
Human Resource Management: A Review With Applications To Agriculture, Wayne H. Howard, Kenneth A. Mcewan
Human Resource Management: A Review With Applications To Agriculture, Wayne H. Howard, Kenneth A. Mcewan
Agribusiness
For years the major management concern of farm managers was farm production. In the 1970s and 1980s, the importance of finance and marketing emerged as two additional critical success factors in production agriculture. A fourth management area of growing importance to successful farming is managing labor (Thomas and Erven 1989). Total employment in farming has been steadily decreasing to less than 4% of Canada's labor force in 1984 from close to 20% in 1950 (Agriculture Canada 1984). However, the labor remaining in agriculture has been changing structure, with a greater proportion of hired labor. Hired labor accounted for 30% of …
Technical Change And Applications Of Dynamic Duality To Agriculture: Reply, Wayne H. Howard, Richard C. Shumway
Technical Change And Applications Of Dynamic Duality To Agriculture: Reply, Wayne H. Howard, Richard C. Shumway
Agribusiness
No abstract provided.
What Our Students Should Know: Perspectives From Business And Academia, Wayne H. Howard
What Our Students Should Know: Perspectives From Business And Academia, Wayne H. Howard
Agribusiness
Perspectives from business and academia on the relative importance of various skills and attributes were compared. The perspective from academia came from the University of Guelph learning objectives and the AEB simple and complex skills required for undergraduate majors. A survey of Canadian agribusiness firms, including governmental agencies, provided the business perspective. Different types and sizes of businesses were consistent in ranking the relative importance of the various skills and attributes. The rankings by business were also consistent with the hierachial learning objectives from the University of Guelph and the disciplinary skills from the AEB. The hypothesis that business and …
Linkages Between Regulated And Unregulated Markets: The Case Of Milk Supply In Kenya, Wayne H. Howard, Ian Mcdonald
Linkages Between Regulated And Unregulated Markets: The Case Of Milk Supply In Kenya, Wayne H. Howard, Ian Mcdonald
Agribusiness
Linkages between the regulated and unregulated dairy markets in Kenya were examined using an econometric model of the fluid milk intake for eight processing plants. Counter-intuitive results were obtained: an increase in the regulated price was significant in decreasing intake in the regulated market, indicating that a price increase in the regulated market also increased price and quantity supplied in the unregulated market. Lagged rainfall was a proxy for available feed and was highly significant in explaining milk intake in the regulated market.
Dynamic Adjustment In The U.S. Dairy Industry, Wayne H. Howard, Richard C. Shumway
Dynamic Adjustment In The U.S. Dairy Industry, Wayne H. Howard, Richard C. Shumway
Agribusiness
A dual model is used to examine the dynamic structure of the U.S. dairy industry. Properties implied by the theory of the competitive firm and independent adjustment of two quasi-fixed inputs, labor and herd size, are tested and not rejected. Instantaneous adjustment, however, is soundly rejected for each quasi-fixed input. Input adjustment to optimal levels is estimated to take about two years for labor and ten for cows. Quality adjustments of the labor and cow series do not fully embody the technological change that has occurred in this industry over the study period.
Information And Herd Health Management Practices In Texas Dairies, Wayne H. Howard, Thomas O. Knight, Richard C. Shumway, Robert W. Blake, Michael A. Tomaszewski
Information And Herd Health Management Practices In Texas Dairies, Wayne H. Howard, Thomas O. Knight, Richard C. Shumway, Robert W. Blake, Michael A. Tomaszewski
Agribusiness
The dissemination of information by extension agents on dairy management practices used to control mastitis and the reception and use of that information by producers are investigated. Producers are surveyed to determine current practices used. The relationship between milk yield, somatic cell count, management practices, and producer and production characteristics is estimated. Subjective probabilities are elicited from "expert," extension agents, and producers concerning the impact and cost of various management practices. Subjective marginal value products and marginal input costs are computed and compared for the respondent groups. Stochastic dominance is used to rank the relative importance of the practices as …
Projecting Regional Market Shares For Selected Florida Fresh Market Vegetables, Wayne H. Howard, Arden W. Colette
Projecting Regional Market Shares For Selected Florida Fresh Market Vegetables, Wayne H. Howard, Arden W. Colette
Agribusiness
Growers of tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants and green peppers in Florida have exhibited concern about their market share in the U.S. winter fresh vegetable market. Several studies have looked at the affects of changes in tariffs and Market Orders on Florida's market share from 1962-1979 using regression and time-series analysis. Florida produce dominates the market in the eastern regions during the winter and spring season. Even though the market shares fluctuate, Florida has historically had a smaller share. The market shares have stabilized after the shocks. Forecast market shares, based on the time-series models, show Florida's producers maintaining their dominance in …
Optimal Regional Conjunctive Water Management, Jay E. Noel, Delworth B. Gardner, Charles V. Moore
Optimal Regional Conjunctive Water Management, Jay E. Noel, Delworth B. Gardner, Charles V. Moore
Agribusiness
An optimal control model is used to determine the socially optimal spatial and temporal allocation of groundwater and surface water among agricultural and urban uses. The control model is described briefly and its advantages over other dynamic models are enumerated. Optimal rates of groundwater pumpage over the planning horizon were highly sensitive to increasing energy costs. Groundwater basins are shown to react differently to alternative economic and hydrological parameters. In a dynamic setting, a policy of pump taxes was shown empirically to be superior to pro-rata quotas and uncontrolled pumpage.