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Research Collection School Of Accountancy

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Full-Text Articles in Accounting

The Real Effect Of The Initial Enforcement Of Insider Trading Laws, Zhihong Chen, Yan Huang, Yuanto Kusnadi, K. C. John Wei Aug 2017

The Real Effect Of The Initial Enforcement Of Insider Trading Laws, Zhihong Chen, Yan Huang, Yuanto Kusnadi, K. C. John Wei

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Based on a difference-in-differences approach, we find strong evidence that the initial enforcement of insider trading laws improves capital allocation efficiency. The effect is concentrated in developed markets and manifests shortly after the enforcement year. Further analysis shows that the improvement is positively associated with the increase in liquidity around the enforcement year and the opaqueness of the information environment before the enforcement year. The improvement is more pronounced for firms operating in more competitive markets, being more financially constrained, and with more severe agency problems. Finally, we find increased accounting performance after the enforcement and the increase is positively …

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Do High Ceo Pay Ratios Destroy Firm Value?, Qiang Cheng, Tharindra Ranasinghe, Sha Zhao Jul 2017

Do High Ceo Pay Ratios Destroy Firm Value?, Qiang Cheng, Tharindra Ranasinghe, Sha Zhao

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

There is growing public concern over the rapid growth in CEO pay relative to average worker pay (CEO pay ratio). Critics contend that high CEO pay ratios could destroy firm value by damaging employee morale and/or signal CEO rent extraction. In this paper, we use a proprietary dataset to examine the relationship between CEO pay ratio and firm value/performance. Contrary to critics’ arguments, we find that industry-adjusted CEO pay ratios are positively associated with both firm value and performance. We also find that high CEO pay ratios are associated with higher quality acquisitions and stronger CEO turnover-performance sensitivity. Our results …

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Effects Of Informal Institutions On The Relationship Between Accounting Measures Of Risk And Bank Distress, Kiridaran Kanagaretnam, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo Jul 2017

Effects Of Informal Institutions On The Relationship Between Accounting Measures Of Risk And Bank Distress, Kiridaran Kanagaretnam, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We investigate the effects of informal institutions (trust, religiosity and the media) on the relationship between accounting-based risk measures and bank distress. We conduct our analysis in two stages. In the first stage, we extend the prior literature by documenting a link between accounting-based risk measures and bank distress during the 2008-2009 financial crisis. In particular, given the environment characterized by rapid growth in financial innovation and complex financial transactions prior to the crisis, simple accounting-based risk measures continue to predict bank distress during this crisis period. In the second stage, we address our main research question related to the …

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Ceo Contractual Protection And Debt Contracting, Qiang Cheng, Xia Chen, Alvis K. Lo, Xin Wang Jun 2017

Ceo Contractual Protection And Debt Contracting, Qiang Cheng, Xia Chen, Alvis K. Lo, Xin Wang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

CEO employment agreements and severance pay agreements are prevalent among S&P1500 firms. While prior research has examined their impact on corporate decision from shareholders’ perspective, there is little research on their impact from debtholders’ perspective. We examine the effect on debt contracting of CEO contractual protection, in the form of employment agreements and severance pay agreements. We find that compared with other loans, loans issued by firms with CEO contractual protection contain more financial covenants, particularly performance covenants, are more likely to have performance pricing provisions, and have higher loan spreads. We further find that this effect increases with the …

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Sharing Risk With The Government: How Taxes Affect Corporate Risk Taking, Alexander Ljungqvist, Liandong Zhang, Luo Zuo Jun 2017

Sharing Risk With The Government: How Taxes Affect Corporate Risk Taking, Alexander Ljungqvist, Liandong Zhang, Luo Zuo

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Using 113 staggered changes in corporate income tax rates across U.S. states, we provide evidence on how taxes affect corporate risk-taking decisions. Higher taxes reduce expected profits more for risky projects than for safe ones, as the government shares in a firm's upside but not in its downside. Consistent with this prediction, we find that risk taking is sensitive to taxes, albeit asymmetrically: the average firm reduces risk in response to a tax increase (primarily by changing its operating cycle and reducing R&D risk) but does not respond to a tax cut. We trace the asymmetry back to constraints on …

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Valuation Implications Of Fas 159 Reported Gains And Losses From Fair Value Accounting For Liabilities, Sung Gon Chung, Gerald J. Lobo, Keng Kevin Ow Yong May 2017

Valuation Implications Of Fas 159 Reported Gains And Losses From Fair Value Accounting For Liabilities, Sung Gon Chung, Gerald J. Lobo, Keng Kevin Ow Yong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This study examines the economic implications of fair value liability gains and losses arising from the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159 (hereafter, FAS 159). Consistent with the notion that gains and losses contain value-relevant information, we find a positive correspondence between a firm’s FAS 159 fair value liability gains and losses and current period stock returns. However, further analysis indicates that fair value gains and losses from liabilities have a negative association with future returns, suggesting that investors misprice this earnings component. This negative association is stronger for firms with low levels of institutional ownership. While …

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Using Student-Generated Videos To Learn Internal Control In Accounting Information Systems Courses, Poh Sun Seow, Gary Pan May 2017

Using Student-Generated Videos To Learn Internal Control In Accounting Information Systems Courses, Poh Sun Seow, Gary Pan

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Educators consider the video learning approach an effective method to deliver educational content as compared to the traditional method of books and written materials. This paper presents a project that involves student-generated videos to learn internal control in an undergraduate accounting information systems course. We believe that this video learning approach is an engaging way for students to be self-directed learners in learning internal control and complements the written materials in the textbook. The survey results show that most of the respondents viewed the learning experience of the video project positively. The results also indicate that the video project was …

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Why Do Publicly Listed Firms Evade Taxes: Evidence From China, Travis Chow, Bin Ke, Hongqi Yuan, Yao Zhang May 2017

Why Do Publicly Listed Firms Evade Taxes: Evidence From China, Travis Chow, Bin Ke, Hongqi Yuan, Yao Zhang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Taking advantage of the mandatory disclosure of detected corporate tax evasions in China, we examine why publicly listed firms evade taxes. Different from most prior studies that focus on corporate income tax avoidance, we consider tax evasions related to both income taxes and non-income taxes. We also use a bivariate probit model to account for the partial observability of corporate tax evasion. Many of our regression results using the bivariate probit model are different from the results using the reduced form probit model that ignores the partial observability of tax evasion. Many of our results are also different from those …

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Another Look At The Macroeconomic Information Content Of Aggregate Earnings: Evidence From The Labor Market, Congcong Li, Rebecca Hann, Maria Ogneva May 2017

Another Look At The Macroeconomic Information Content Of Aggregate Earnings: Evidence From The Labor Market, Congcong Li, Rebecca Hann, Maria Ogneva

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

In this paper we examine the macroeconomic information content of aggregate earnings from the labor market’s perspective. We use insights from the labor economics literature to characterize the information contained in aggregate GAAP earnings and its components that is relevant for predicting aggregate job creation and destruction, labor income, and unemployment. Our results suggest that not only does aggregate earnings news convey information about future labor market aggregates, but its information content is incremental to other macroeconomic variables at near-term horizons. Further, the source of this information stems primarily from two earnings components: aggregate core earnings and special items. Core …

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Messaging Without A Message: Executive Value And Social Media Activity, Ru Gao, Gilles Hilary, Rencheng Wang May 2017

Messaging Without A Message: Executive Value And Social Media Activity, Ru Gao, Gilles Hilary, Rencheng Wang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We show that executives who start tweeting benefit from better career options. We motivate this finding using the well-established theory of limited attention. Consistent with this explanation, we find that content is irrelevant. Comparative statics are also consistent with our framework. In particular, the effect of Twitter is greater for executives who were largely unrecognized and who were underpaid before they started tweeting, who garner greater public attention from their social media activity, who enjoy higher professional mobility, and who operate in environments where compensation setting is less structured.

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Corporate In-House Human Capital Tax Investments, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng, Travis Chow, Yanju Liu May 2017

Corporate In-House Human Capital Tax Investments, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng, Travis Chow, Yanju Liu

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

In-house human capital investment in the tax function is a significant input to a firm’s tax planning. Yet, due to lack of data, there is little empirical evidence on whether corporate in-house tax departments are associated with effective tax planning. We examine this issue using hand-collected data on corporate tax employees in S&P1500 firms. We find that firms with larger in-house tax departments are more effective in tax planning: they have lower tax rates, report lower uncertain tax benefits, and exhibit less volatile tax rates. The results are stronger for firms with in-house tax departments that have a higher proportion …

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Grooming The Future Disruptive Accounting Professionals, Gary Pan, Gan Hup Tan, Poh Sun Seow Apr 2017

Grooming The Future Disruptive Accounting Professionals, Gary Pan, Gan Hup Tan, Poh Sun Seow

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

In this chapter, we will discuss how SMU brought about innovation changes in the university’s learning environment. In 2011, a steering committee was set up by SMU President, Professor Arnoud De Meyer to develop strategies that focused on innovation in learning pedagogy at the university. Subsequent brainstorming sessions led to the evolution of the SMU-X programme, which aimed to broaden the scope of university education by encompassing real life problems and problem-solving skills in the curriculum. The concept encompassed three key elements: mindset, pedagogy, and physical space. The challenge was to offer more applied learning with close coordination between classroom …

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The Equity-Financing Channel, The Catering Channel, And Corporate Investment: International Evidence, Yuanto Kusnadi, K.C. John Wei Apr 2017

The Equity-Financing Channel, The Catering Channel, And Corporate Investment: International Evidence, Yuanto Kusnadi, K.C. John Wei

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We examine how stock market mispricing affectscorporate investment in an international setting. We find that investment ismore sensitive to stock prices for equity-dependent firms than for non-equity-dependentfirms in our international sample. Investment is also more sensitive to stockprices for firms located in countries with more developed capital markets (i.e.,lower costs of raising capital), higher share turnover (i.e., shortershareholder horizons), and higher R&D intensity (i.e., more opaque assets). More importantly, the positive relation between equitydependence and the sensitivity of investment to stock prices is more pronouncedfor firms located in these same countries. These findings are consistent withthe equity-financing hypothesis and the …

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Helping Hands, Gary Pan, Poh Sun Seow, Clarence Goh Apr 2017

Helping Hands, Gary Pan, Poh Sun Seow, Clarence Goh

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Disruptors have found new ways of transforming various industries with intelligent technologies which have put significant pressure on enterprises in Singapore and around the world. With a good education and training system, and a cohesive relationship among the Government, businesses and people, Singapore is well placed to respond to such digital disruptions. Nevertheless, Singapore companies must strive for quality growth based on innovation, expand beyond Singapore and create an environment that enables innovation, said Minister in the Prime Minister’s Office and Labour chief Chan Chun Sing. No two industries are disrupted in the same way. With help from the Economic …

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Insider Versus Outsider Ceos, Executive Compensation, And Accounting Manipulation, Prasart Jongjaroenkamol, Volker Laux Apr 2017

Insider Versus Outsider Ceos, Executive Compensation, And Accounting Manipulation, Prasart Jongjaroenkamol, Volker Laux

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This paper examines the role of the financial reporting environment in selecting a new CEO from within versus outside the organization. Weak reporting controls allow the CEO to misreport performance information, which reduces the board's ability to detect and replace poorly-performing CEOs as well as aggravates incentive contracting. We show that these adverse effects are stronger when the CEO is an outsider rather than an insider. Our model predicts that boards are more likely to recruit a CEO from the outside when the performance measures with which the new hire is assessed are harder to manipulate.

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Insights From Educator, Smu's Views, Gary Pan, Poh Sun Seow, Kwong Sin Leong, Clarence Goh Apr 2017

Insights From Educator, Smu's Views, Gary Pan, Poh Sun Seow, Kwong Sin Leong, Clarence Goh

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Forces such as globalisation and digitalisation have led to profound changes in the business environment. Apart from technical accounting knowledge, accountants now also need to equip themselves with a range of other skills that will allow them to thrive in the economy of tomorrow. In this respect, tertiary education has a big role to play in preparing students for their first jobs.At Singapore Management University (SMU), we ensure that our Bachelor of Accountancy programme provides a holistic education emphasising real-world readiness. Centred on a strong accounting core, the curriculum is broad-based, covering business, technology, entrepreneurship, leadership skills, communications, ethics and …

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Riding The Waves Of Disruption, Gary Pan, Poh Sun Seow, Clarence Goh, Melvin Yong Apr 2017

Riding The Waves Of Disruption, Gary Pan, Poh Sun Seow, Clarence Goh, Melvin Yong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

For organisations, the need to respond to disruption, digital or otherwise, has never been greater – from re-defining the way they interact with customers to delivering services and products. While disruption presents significant opportunities for businesses, the biggest risk is not taking any action at all. A radical industry shift might be required in some cases and spending time thinking about this is critical. Organisations and individuals can shield themselves from disruption by building the skills and agility to move and adapt quickly, protecting their future in the short and long term. Against this backdrop, CPA Australia and Singapore Management …

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Our Future Together Industry Perspectives: Future Of Professional Learning And Entrepreneurship, Poh Sun Seow, Pan, Gary, Clarence Goh, Kwong Sin Leong Apr 2017

Our Future Together Industry Perspectives: Future Of Professional Learning And Entrepreneurship, Poh Sun Seow, Pan, Gary, Clarence Goh, Kwong Sin Leong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This report 2017 marks the second collaboration between ISCA and ICAEW after the successful launch of “Our Future Together” report in 2016 to inspire professional accountants to critically think about what the future holds for Singapore and the accountancy profession. How should accountants embrace transformation in the digital age? How should learning be redefined for the accountancy profession? How can organisational culture encourage innovation and an enterprising spirit in accountants? This report aims to shape the discussion on how education, training and professional learning should be redefined to develop professional accountants who are future-ready, so that they can continue to …

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Do Politically Connected Directors Affect Accounting Quality? Evidence From China's Anti-Corruption Campaign (Rule 18), Ole-Kristian Hope, Heng Yue, Qinlin Zhong Apr 2017

Do Politically Connected Directors Affect Accounting Quality? Evidence From China's Anti-Corruption Campaign (Rule 18), Ole-Kristian Hope, Heng Yue, Qinlin Zhong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We examine the impact of politically connected directors on accounting quality using a quasi experiment in China. In October 2013, “Rule 18” was issued to prohibit government and party officials, who were concurrently holding public offices or had recently retired from such positions within the last three years, from serving as directors for publicly listed firms. The regulation is part of China’s anti-corruption campaign, and it has led to a large number of politically connected directors resigning from their roles as directors involuntarily. As such, Rule 18 has effectively weakened, if not fully discontinued, the political connections of the firms …

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Voluntary Fair Value Disclosures Beyond Sfas 157’S Three-Level Estimates, Sung Gon Chung, Beng Wee Goh, Jeffrey Ng, Kevin Ow Yong Mar 2017

Voluntary Fair Value Disclosures Beyond Sfas 157’S Three-Level Estimates, Sung Gon Chung, Beng Wee Goh, Jeffrey Ng, Kevin Ow Yong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Some firms voluntarily make disclosures about the controls and processes in place to ensure the reliability of fair value estimates. Consistent with these disclosures being driven by management’s concerns about the reliability of their SFAS 157 estimates, we find that firms with more opaque estimates are more likely to provide such disclosures. We then examine whether these disclosures increase the reliability of fair value estimates. We find that they are associated with higher market pricing and lower information risk for Level 3 estimates. Further analyses of the contents of the reliability disclosures reveal that the following are particularly important to …

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Continuous Auditing: A New Instrument In The Cfo’S Toolbox, Clarence Goh Mar 2017

Continuous Auditing: A New Instrument In The Cfo’S Toolbox, Clarence Goh

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

In the past decade, rapid technological developments have led to the widespread adoption of enterprise resource planning systems. These ERP platforms not only allow different functional areas of a business to share data, but also enable businesses to generate financial information in real time.Such developments have fundamentally altered how businesses operate, and present both challenges and opportunities for CFOs and auditors.That’s because traditional audit methods have, to a significant extent, not kept up with these developments. Many audit procedures that are used today remain manual in nature, and are often costly in terms of both time and money. To a …

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Related Parties As Used In Transfer Pricing, Jow Lee Ying, Yong Sing Yuan Mar 2017

Related Parties As Used In Transfer Pricing, Jow Lee Ying, Yong Sing Yuan

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

The paper examines the scope of related party transactions falling under the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (TPG) and the transfer pricing regimes of selected tax jurisdictions. The OECD TPG does not deal with the concept of associated enterprises as used in Article 9 of the OECD Multilateral Tax Convention (MTC), while Article 9 of the OECD MTC does not define the terms used to describe associated enterprises. This gives rise to the question of what exactly was intended for under the scope of Article 9 and its consequent applicability. At the same time, many jurisdictions define related party transactions for …

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Conditional Conservatism And Debt Versus Equity Financing, Beng Wee Goh, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo, Yen H. Tong Mar 2017

Conditional Conservatism And Debt Versus Equity Financing, Beng Wee Goh, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo, Yen H. Tong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Extant research suggests that conditional conservatism reduces information asymmetry between a firm and its shareholders as well as its debtholders. However, there is little evidence on whether conditional conservatism reduces information asymmetry differentially for shareholders and debtholders. We use the setting of a firm's choice between equity versus debt when it seeks a significant amount of external financing to examine this research question. We find that when firms raise a significant amount of external financing, the use of equity (versus debt) increases with the level of conservatism. We also find that the reduction in cost of equity associated with conservatism …

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Are You Ready? Data Analytics Is Reshaping The Work Of Accountants, Clarence Goh Feb 2017

Are You Ready? Data Analytics Is Reshaping The Work Of Accountants, Clarence Goh

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

According to the 2016 State of Analytics and Data Science reportpublished by data analytics firm Mu Sigma, 65% of senior business leaderssurveyed in the United States believe that data analytics has influenced theirbusiness in a positive way.

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Are You Ready? Data Analytics Is Reshaping The Work Of Accountants, Clarence Goh Feb 2017

Are You Ready? Data Analytics Is Reshaping The Work Of Accountants, Clarence Goh

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

According to the 2016 State of Analytics and Data Science reportpublished by data analytics firm Mu Sigma, 65% of senior business leaderssurveyed in the United States believe that data analytics has influenced theirbusiness in a positive way.

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A Dominant Logic View Of Managing It Innovation, Gary Pan Feb 2017

A Dominant Logic View Of Managing It Innovation, Gary Pan

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

With rapid technological advances and increased competition, managing innovation has become increasingly challenging. There are two possible causes for the innovation project failure. First, owing to incomplete market information, poor product management decision is made that may result in delayed market entry. Second, challenging project management activities such as inefficient communication among project teammates and mishandling complex stakeholder relationships. To gain insight into successful IT innovation project management, a theoretical lens that is able to facilitate the understanding of issues arising from these two causes is necessary. Dominant logic, which can be viewed as both an information filter and routine, …

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Industry-University Partnership Through Experiential Project-Based Learning: A Singapore Case Study, Gary Pan, Gan Hup Tan, Yvonne Tan Feb 2017

Industry-University Partnership Through Experiential Project-Based Learning: A Singapore Case Study, Gary Pan, Gan Hup Tan, Yvonne Tan

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

A radical approach to preparing university students with future work skills, by combining academic with experiential learning through real projects faced by client partners. Learn how a university can create opportunities for collaborative learning and a tripartite learning relationship for academia, students and industry. Outcomes and impact of the case Post-module feedback surveys conducted over AY2015/16 showed that over 80% of the students who took an SMU-X module reported enhanced problem-solving, analytical, reasoning and communication skills, all of which were skills highly valued by employers. These results also dovetailed with SMU-X’s learning outcomes. More than 85% felt that the SMU-X …

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Ownership And Identities Of The Largest Shareholders And Dividend Policy: Evidence From Vietnam, Trien Vinh Le, Trang Huyen Le Jan 2017

Ownership And Identities Of The Largest Shareholders And Dividend Policy: Evidence From Vietnam, Trien Vinh Le, Trang Huyen Le

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This study investigates the relationship between the level of shareholdings and identities of the largest shareholders, and cash dividend policy. The study is conducted with a sample of 180 firms listed on Vietnam stock exchange markets from 2009 to 2013. The fixed effect model is employed to analyze the balanced panel data. The results show that the higher the level of holdings by the largest shareholders, the lower the dividend payout. Moreover, companies with the State and Foreign investors as the largest shareholders have higher dividend payout ratio than companies with local investors and managers as the largest shareholders. The …

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Using An Online Learning Tutorial To Teach Rea Data Modelling In Accounting Information Systems Courses, Poh Sun Seow, Gary Pan Jan 2017

Using An Online Learning Tutorial To Teach Rea Data Modelling In Accounting Information Systems Courses, Poh Sun Seow, Gary Pan

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Online learning has been gaining widespread adoption due to its success in enhancing student-learning outcomes and improving student academic performance. This paper describes an online tutorial to teach resource-event-agent (REA) data modeling in an undergraduate accounting information systems course. The REA online tutorial reflects a self-study application designed to help students improve their understanding of the REA data model. As such, the tutorial acts as a supplement to lectures by reinforcing the concepts and incorporating practices to assess student understanding. Instructors can access the REA online tutorial at http://smu.sg/rea. An independent survey by the University's Centre for Teaching Excellence found …

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Differences In The Reliability Of Fair Value Hierarchy Measurements: A Cross Country Study, Chu Yeong Lim, Tee Yong Jeffrey Ng, Keng Kevin Ow Yong, Gary Pan Jan 2017

Differences In The Reliability Of Fair Value Hierarchy Measurements: A Cross Country Study, Chu Yeong Lim, Tee Yong Jeffrey Ng, Keng Kevin Ow Yong, Gary Pan

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Prior research suggests that there are significant differences in how investors perceive the reliability of fair values across the fair value hierarchy. An unaddressed question in this stream of research is whether cross-country differences in institutional factors are able to mediate differences in reliability for the fair value hierarchy measurements. Based on an international sample of banks across 20 different countries, we find that the probability of crash risk is lower among countries with better financial development infrastructure, greater level of trust, tighter security regulations and higher level of disclosure requirements. These results apply to Level 1 assets but not …

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