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Articles 241 - 270 of 756
Full-Text Articles in Accounting
Auditor Choice And Information Asymmetry: Evidence From International Syndicated Loans, Zhiming Ma, Derrald Stice, Rencheng Wang
Auditor Choice And Information Asymmetry: Evidence From International Syndicated Loans, Zhiming Ma, Derrald Stice, Rencheng Wang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Analyzing a large sample of non-US public firms from 31 countries that obtain private loans, we find that loan syndicates that lend to borrowers that employ Big N auditors are larger and less concentrated and that the lead arrangers and largest investors of these syndicates are able to hold a lower proportion of the loan after issuance. Further analysis demonstrates that this effect exists only in countries with strong creditor rights and in those countries with high levels of societal trust, suggesting that both sound formal and informal institutional factors are prerequisites for lenders and borrowers to benefit from differential …
Readability Of 10-K Reports And Stock Price Crash Risk, Chansog (Francis) Kim, Ke Wang, Liandong Zhang
Readability Of 10-K Reports And Stock Price Crash Risk, Chansog (Francis) Kim, Ke Wang, Liandong Zhang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This study shows that less readable 10‐K reports are associated with higher stock price crash risk. The results are consistent with the argument that managers can successfully hide adverse information by writing complex financial reports, which leads to stock price crashes when the hidden bad news accumulates and reaches a tipping point. Cross‐sectional analyses show that the effect of financial reporting complexity on crash risk is more pronounced for firms with persistent negative earnings news or transitory positive earnings news, greater chief executive officer stock option incentives, or lower litigation risk. Finally, accrual manipulation appears to be positively related to …
The Effects Of Corporate Reputation And Compensation Disclosure On Investor Judgments, Poh Sun Seow, Clarence Goh, Gary Pan
The Effects Of Corporate Reputation And Compensation Disclosure On Investor Judgments, Poh Sun Seow, Clarence Goh, Gary Pan
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Regulators have increased the disclosure requirements of top executives as part of corporate governance reform. This study examines how trust arising from a firm’s corporate reputation will interact with top executive compensation disclosure to influence investor judgments. This study used a 2 X 2 between subjects experimental design, with corporate reputation (good versus bad) and pay ratio (high versus low) as independent variables to test the hypotheses. The key findings show that if the firm with a good corporate reputation discloses a high pay ratio, participants punished the good reputation firm more than the bad reputation firm, demonstrating a negative …
Stock Price Contagion Effects Of Low-Quality Audits At The Individual Audit Partner Level, Ferdinand A. Gul, Chee Yeow Lim, Kun Wang, Yanping Xu
Stock Price Contagion Effects Of Low-Quality Audits At The Individual Audit Partner Level, Ferdinand A. Gul, Chee Yeow Lim, Kun Wang, Yanping Xu
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We use Chinese audit partner data to show that partners associated with financial reporting fraudinduce share price declines among non-fraudulent firms audited by the same audit partners. In cross-sectionalanalyses, we find that share price declines are more pronounced when low-quality partners (LQPs) failed to issuemodified audit opinions during the period in question and when the LQPs were from one of the Top 10 audit firms.Additional analyses show that investors impose larger penalties on contagion firms when fraudulent firms are largerand the time lapse between sanction and fraud commitment is shorter. The personal characteristics of LQPs (exceptgender) do not cause a …
Debt Heterogeneity And Covenants, Yun Lou, Clemens A. Otto
Debt Heterogeneity And Covenants, Yun Lou, Clemens A. Otto
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Coordination failure among owners of heterogeneous debt types increases distress costs. Covenants reduce expected distress costs by lowering the probability of liquidity shortages, increasing liquidation values, and incentivizing creditor monitoring. We predict and find that new debt contracts include more covenants when borrowers' existing debt structures are more heterogeneous. Our findings suggest that covenants are not only used to address creditor-shareholder conflicts but also to reduce the expected costs of coordination failure among creditors. Further, our results indicate a dynamic component missing from static debt structure models: Debt heterogeneity entails additional covenants (i.e., constraints) when raising future debt.
Recommendations From Sec’S Plain English Handbook: Perspectives From Behavioral Research, Clarence Goh
Recommendations From Sec’S Plain English Handbook: Perspectives From Behavioral Research, Clarence Goh
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
The SEC published the plain English handbook in 1998 with the objective of providing preparers of financial disclosures with a guide to using well-established techniques to create clearer and more informative disclosure documents. The handbook provides various recommendations to preparers of disclosure documents. In this study, I examine and systematically synthesize the extent behavioural research literature that investigates the impact of implementing these recommendations on investors. I do so by developing a framework to systematically examine relevant studies. Overall, the analysis provides important insights from a behavioural perspective into how and why investors react to various recommendations in the SEC’s …
Opinion Shopping To Avoid Going Concern Audit Opinion And Subsequent Audit Quality, Heesun Chung, Catherine Heyjung Sonu, Yoonseok Zang, Jong-Hag Choi
Opinion Shopping To Avoid Going Concern Audit Opinion And Subsequent Audit Quality, Heesun Chung, Catherine Heyjung Sonu, Yoonseok Zang, Jong-Hag Choi
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Despite regulatory concerns over opinion shopping (OS) behavior, there exists little systematic evidence on the prevalence and consequences of OS to avoid a going concern opinion (GCO). Using Lennox's (2000) framework to identify OS, we find that distressed firms successfully engage in OS to avoid a GCO. Moreover, clients engaging in OS exhibit a higher ex post Type II error rate in audit opinions than clients that do not, and the higher Type II error rate is salient for clients switching auditors for OS but not for clients retaining auditors for OS. We continue to find this asymmetric effect of …
Much Ado About Audit Opinions, Themin Suwardy
Much Ado About Audit Opinions, Themin Suwardy
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In a commentary, SMU Associate Professor of Accounting (Practice) and Dean of Postgraduate Professional Programmes Themin Suwardy opined that with a better understanding of the various types of modified audit opinions, investors can react appropriately to the news of companies failing to get a clean opinion. He added that investors should ask tougher questions about key audit matters at annual general meetings in order to get a more rounded and informed picture of a company’s financial and operating status.
Disclosure Of Pending Lawsuits And Bond Terms, Yun Lou
Disclosure Of Pending Lawsuits And Bond Terms, Yun Lou
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
I examine the effect of the disclosure of pendinglawsuits in 10-K/Q filings on the contractual terms of newly issued bonds. Ifind that firms’ decision to disclose pending lawsuits and the amount ofdisclosed information (i.e., the level of disclosure) have opposite effects.Specifically, firms that disclose a higher proportion of their pending lawsuitsface higher yields and are more likely to include default clauses pertaining tocourt judgments in the bond prospectuses. However, within the subsample offirms that disclose their lawsuits, I find that firms with a higher level of disclosureregarding their pending lawsuits are rewarded with lower yields. This evidencesuggests that bond investors …
Information Sharing Between Mutual Funds And Auditors, Ole-Kristian Hope, Pingui Rao, Yanping Xu, Heng Yue
Information Sharing Between Mutual Funds And Auditors, Ole-Kristian Hope, Pingui Rao, Yanping Xu, Heng Yue
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This paper examines whether there is information sharing between mutual funds and their auditors about the auditors’ other listed firm clients. Using detailed hand-collected data from the Chinese market and employing levels, changes, and PSM analyses, we find that mutual funds earn higher profits from trading in firms that share the same auditors. The effects are more pronounced when firms have a more opaque information environment and when the audit partners for the fund and the partners for the listed firm share school ties. The evidence is consistent with information flowing from auditors to mutual funds, providing mutual funds with …
An Analysis Of Z-Scores And Performance: Manufacturing Companies In Hong Kong, S.L. Foo, Shaakalya Pathak
An Analysis Of Z-Scores And Performance: Manufacturing Companies In Hong Kong, S.L. Foo, Shaakalya Pathak
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Hong Kong is a key leading economy in the Asia Pacific region. This study examines the relationship between the financial health, as measured by the Altman Z-Score, and corporate performance, as measured by the Return on Equity (ROE), of listed manufacturing companies in this market. A linear regression has been conducted between these variables to determine the magnitude and direction of their relationships. The trends of Z-Scores over a five-year period have also been analysed. The analysis covers the period from 2013 to 2017 (inclusive) and yields a statistically positive correlation between ROE and the Z-Score for the market. Hong …
Examining An Experiential Learning Approach To Prepare Students For The Volatile, Uncertain, Complex And Ambiguous (Vuca) Work Environment, Poh Sun Seow, Gary Pan, Grace Koh
Examining An Experiential Learning Approach To Prepare Students For The Volatile, Uncertain, Complex And Ambiguous (Vuca) Work Environment, Poh Sun Seow, Gary Pan, Grace Koh
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Due to the constantlychanging work environment, there is a need for universities to produce studentswho can adapt in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) work environment.A university in Singapore introduced its UNIS-X experiential learning pedagogyto prepare her students with future work skills to cope with a VUCA work environment.The UNIS-X approach encompasses four principles (project-based learning;interdisciplinarity; close collaboration between faculty and external partners;and active mentoring) in a single course. The aim of this study is to examinethe effectiveness of the UNIS-X experiential learning pedagogy. Although theUNIS-X group has a higher improvement of problem-solving skills compared to thenon-UNIS-X group, the …
Corporate Tax Aggressiveness And Insider Trading, Sung Gon Chung, Beng Wee Goh, Kiat Bee Jimmy Lee, Terry Shevlin
Corporate Tax Aggressiveness And Insider Trading, Sung Gon Chung, Beng Wee Goh, Kiat Bee Jimmy Lee, Terry Shevlin
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine the association between corporate tax aggressiveness and theprofitability of insider trading under the assumption that insider tradingprofits reflect managerial opportunism. We document that insider purchaseprofitability, but not sales profitability, is significantly higher on average inmore tax aggressive firms. We also find that the positive association between taxaggressiveness and insider purchase profitability is attenuated for firms withmore effective monitoring and is accentuated for firms with a more opaqueinformation environment.In addition, we provide empirical evidence that tax aggressiveness issignificantly associated with greater insider sales volume in the fiscal yearprior to a stock price crash. Finally, we find that the association …
Reviewing The Oecd's And The Eu’S Assessment Of Singapore's Development And Expansion Incentive, Frederik Boulogne
Reviewing The Oecd's And The Eu’S Assessment Of Singapore's Development And Expansion Incentive, Frederik Boulogne
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This paper analyses and describes which norms can be derived from the OECD’s and the EU’s work on preventing harmful taxation that influence how Singapore should design and administer its Development and Expansion Incentive (‘DEI’). This analysis is relief upon in reviewing the Forum on Harmful Tax Practice’s conclusion that the DEI is not harmful and the decision not to place Singapore on the EU’s list of non-cooperative jurisdictions; a decision that suggests that the Council of the European Union considers Singapore to have adequately implemented the minimum anti-BEPS standards, of which BEPS Action 5 is one. These verdicts are, …
The Impact Of Double Tax Treaties On Inward Fdi In Asean Countries, Yue Dong
The Impact Of Double Tax Treaties On Inward Fdi In Asean Countries, Yue Dong
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This study aims to assess the impact of double taxation treaties (DTT) on FDI inflows in 10 ASEAN countries from 1989 to 2016. There are two objectives of double taxation treaties. The first one is to alleviate the problem of global double taxation, which has a stimulating effect on FDI. The second objective is the sharing of information between governments, which can prevent tax evasion and thus discourage FDI. The findings suggest that new DTTs in ASEAN have a positive but insignificant impact on the FDI inflows into the region. However, the impact of old DTTs on FDI is significantly …
A Step Forward For Tax Dispute Resolution Between China And Asean Countries Under The Belt And Road Initiative, Diheng Xu
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
China has a closer business relationship with Southeast Asian countries under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). To ensure tax certainty for the investment, it is necessary to establish an effective and efficient tax dispute resolution mechanism. The mutual agreement procedure (MAP) is the primary means, but it has its limitations, especially for countries in this region. Arbitration could be a powerful complementary to the MAP. China has established a new BRI Court-connected and Mediation Centre (Centre) that aims to resolve commercial disputes in this region. It seems like a new alternative for resolving tax disputes since it combines mediation …
Do Corporate Site Visits Impact Stock Prices?, Qiang Cheng, Fei Du, Brian Yutao Wang, Xin Wang
Do Corporate Site Visits Impact Stock Prices?, Qiang Cheng, Fei Du, Brian Yutao Wang, Xin Wang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine the stock price impact of corporate site visits using a unique dataset of site visits to listed firms in China. Our main findings are as follows. First, the market reaction around corporate site visits is statistically and economically significant and is stronger for group visits, visits conducted by mutual fund managers, visits covering accounting and finance topics, visits to firms with poor information environments, and visits to manufacturing firms. Second, the stock returns around site visits are positively associated with firms’ future performance. Third, the changes in visiting funds’ holdings are more predictive of firms’ future performance than …
Academia-Industry Alliance Can Boost Accountancy In Laos, Clarence Goh, Sanva Saephan
Academia-Industry Alliance Can Boost Accountancy In Laos, Clarence Goh, Sanva Saephan
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Surrounded by Myanmar, Cambodia, China, Thailand, and Vietnam, the landlocked nation of Laos has often struggled to escape from the shadows of its larger neighbours. However, Laos has steadily opened its doors to the world over the past few decades and has developed ambitious plans to grow its economy. ... It was in the spirit of deepening collaboration that we embarked on a recent study trip to the Laotian cities of Vientiane and Luang Prabang with 29 undergraduate students from Singapore Management University (SMU).
Corporate Governance: Avoid The Groupthink Pitfall, Themin Suwardy
Corporate Governance: Avoid The Groupthink Pitfall, Themin Suwardy
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Consensus due to similar personal backgrounds, lack of diversity in views and failure to see things from others’ perspective can lead to bad decisions.
Optimizing Accounting Decision Making Using Goal Programming, Clarence Goh
Optimizing Accounting Decision Making Using Goal Programming, Clarence Goh
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Goal programming is a decision‐making technique that seeks to help decision makers make decisions that satisfy competing goals to the best extent possible. This article provides a description of goal programming, demonstrates how it can be implemented on a spreadsheet, and illustrates its use through an example from management accounting.
The Economics Of Managerial Taxes And Corporate Risk-Taking, Chris Armstrong, Stephen Glaeser, Sterling Huang, Daniel Taylor
The Economics Of Managerial Taxes And Corporate Risk-Taking, Chris Armstrong, Stephen Glaeser, Sterling Huang, Daniel Taylor
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine the relation between managers’ personal income tax rates and their corporate investment decisions. Using plausibly exogenous variation in federal and state tax rates, we find a positive relation between managers’ personal tax rates and their corporate risk-taking. Moreover—and consistent with our theoretical predictions—we find that this relation is stronger among firms with investment opportunities that have a relatively high rate of return per unit of risk, and stronger among CEOs who have a relatively low marginal disutility of risk. Importantly, our results are unique to senior managers’ tax rates––we do not find similar relations for middle-income tax rates. …
Not Clawing The Hand That Feeds You: The Case Of Co-Opted Boards And Clawbacks, Sterling Huang, Chee Yeow Lim, Jeffrey Ng
Not Clawing The Hand That Feeds You: The Case Of Co-Opted Boards And Clawbacks, Sterling Huang, Chee Yeow Lim, Jeffrey Ng
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine how board co-option, defined as the fraction of the board comprising directors appointed after the CEO assumed office, is related to clawback adoption. We find that co-opted boards have a lower probability of adopting clawback provisions. Further, the negative association between board co-option and clawback adoption is more pronounced when at least one co-opted member is on the compensation committee and when there is a higher likelihood that a clawback provision will be triggered. Finally, we find that board co-option is an important mechanism through which longer-tenured CEOs reduce the likelihood of clawback adoption.
Unemployment Insurance Benefits And Income Smoothing, Tee Yong Jeffrey Ng, Tharindra Ranasinghe, Guifeng Shi, Holly I. Yang
Unemployment Insurance Benefits And Income Smoothing, Tee Yong Jeffrey Ng, Tharindra Ranasinghe, Guifeng Shi, Holly I. Yang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Labor unemployment insurance reduces unemployment concerns. We argue that these benefits moderate incentives to smooth earnings to reduce employees’ concerns about unemployment risk. Using exogenous variations in unemployment insurance benefits, we find evidence consistent with this argument. We also find that that link between unemployment insurance benefits and income smoothing is stronger when there is higher unemployment risk and when the firm is likely to employ more low-wage workers, who find unemployment insurance benefits especially useful. Our paper contributes to the literature by showing that public policy decisions such as unemployment insurance have significant, albeit probably unintended, externalities on corporate …
'Substance' – A Singapore's Perspective, Cindy Siu Ching Wong, Siau Yan Tang
'Substance' – A Singapore's Perspective, Cindy Siu Ching Wong, Siau Yan Tang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
One of the principles underpinning the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (“BEPS”) project is the concept of “substance”. Taxation is to be aligned with substance so that profits are being taxed in the location where value is created. However, what constitutes “substance” has not been clearly defined. This paper seeks to examine the concept of substance as applied in different contexts and attempts to put forth a notion of substance that is relevant to Singapore. Having examined the subject matter, the authors are of the view that it is no longer sufficient to have “substance” as a vague guiding …
Societal Trust And Corporate Tax Avoidance, Kiridaran Kanagaretnam, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald Lobo
Societal Trust And Corporate Tax Avoidance, Kiridaran Kanagaretnam, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald Lobo
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Using aninternational sample of firms from 25 countries and a country-level index for societal trust, we document that societal trust is negatively associated with tax avoidance, even after controlling for other institutional determinants, such as home country legal institutions and tax system characteristics.We explore the effects of two country-level institutional characteristics—strength of lega linstitutions and capital market pressure—on the relation between societal trust and tax avoidance. We find that the relation between trust and tax avoidance is less pronounced when legal institutions in a country are stronger and is more pronounced when capital market pressure is stronger. Finally, we examine …
Online Learning Tool On External Financing Needs, Yuanto Kusnadi
Online Learning Tool On External Financing Needs, Yuanto Kusnadi
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In collaboration with colleagues at the Centre ofTeaching Excellence (CTE), I have developed an innovative online learningobject on External Financing Needs. This tool is designed to introduce a noveland refreshing way in teaching accounting and finance concepts to students andto create a more interactive learning experience in the classroom. The online learning tool is used in the two courses:Accounting for Entrepreneurs and Financial Management, to explain the relevantconcepts related to financial forecasting and financial planning. One unique feature about the learning object is that itprovides instantaneousfeedback to students as they can learn whether the numbers theyprovide are correct/wrong (as indicated …
Don's Column: Revised Conceptual Framework For Financial Reporting (Part 2), Pearl Hock-Neo Tan
Don's Column: Revised Conceptual Framework For Financial Reporting (Part 2), Pearl Hock-Neo Tan
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Fresh Perspectives in Recognition, Measurement and Disclosures
Studying The Relationship Between Performance And Z-Scores For Manufacturing Firms In Singapore, See Liang Foo, Shaakalya Pathak
Studying The Relationship Between Performance And Z-Scores For Manufacturing Firms In Singapore, See Liang Foo, Shaakalya Pathak
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Singapore is a key leading economy in the Asia Pacific region. This study examines the relationship between the financial health, as measured by the Altman Z-Score, and corporate performance, as measured by the Return on Equity (ROE), of listed manufacturing companies in this market. A linear regression has been conducted between these variables to determine the magnitude and direction of their relationships. The trends of Z-Scores over a five-year period have also been analysed.The analysis covers the period from 2013 to 2017 (inclusive) and yields a statistically positive correlation between ROE and the Z-Score for the market. Singapore registered relatively …
Don’S Column: Singapore Corporate Tax Rate: Is It Really A Flat Rate?, Teng Aun Khoo, Clement Tan Kai Guan
Don’S Column: Singapore Corporate Tax Rate: Is It Really A Flat Rate?, Teng Aun Khoo, Clement Tan Kai Guan
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
As there is only one corporate tax rate (CTR) in Singapore, it may appear that the Singapore CTR is a single flat rate, currently 17%. However, after taking into account the availability of the partial tax exemption (PTE)scheme, the start-up tax exemption (SUTE) scheme and the corporate income tax rebate (CITR) in Singapore, all of which have an effect of lowering a company’s tax payable, the seemingly flat Singapore CTR is not what it seems to be. Instead, it translates to various progressive tax rates for different tiers of normal chargeable income (NCI).
Don's Column: Revised Conceptual Framework For Financial Reporting (Part 1), Pearl Hock-Neo Tan
Don's Column: Revised Conceptual Framework For Financial Reporting (Part 1), Pearl Hock-Neo Tan
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In March 2018, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (CF 2018) after five years of deliberation since the Discussion Paper was first issued. CF 2018 is immediately applicable to the IASB and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Interpretations Committee.