Accounting Commons^™

Audit Evidence, Technology, And Judgement: A Review Of The Literature In Response To Ed‐500, Dereck Barr‐Pulliam, Christopher G. Calvin, Marc Eulerich, Arpine Maghakyan

Accounting Faculty Publications

In October 2022, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) issued Exposure Draft 500 (ED-500). This is focused on revising and integrating the standard auditors use when evaluating audit evidence during an external audit. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse as the IAASB evaluates feedback to ED-500 and executes its standard-setting agenda. We review academic literature published in the past 10 years to synthesize extant knowledge specifically on the use of technology and the application of professional skepticism during audit evidence evaluation. Our review offers factors the IAASB should consider when seeking to modernize and future-proof its standards, …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

An Extension Of The Theory Of Technology Dominance: Capturing The Underlying Causal Complexity, Steve G. Sutton, Vicky Arnold, Matthew Holt

Accounting Faculty Publications

The Theory of Technology Dominance (TTD) provides a theoretical foundation for understanding how intelligent systems impact human decision-making. The theory has three phases with propositions related to (1) the foundations of reliance, (2) short-term effects on novice versus expert decision-making, and (3) long-term epistemological effects related to individual deskilling and profession-wide stagnation. In this theory paper, we propose an extension of TTD, that we refer to as TTD2, primarily to increase our theoretical understanding of how, why, and when the short-term and long-term effects on decision-making occur and why advances in technology design have exacerbated some weaknesses and eroded some …

Validating Financial Statement Comparability Assessment In Non-Profit Firms, Daniel Friesner, Andrew Brajcich

The North American Accounting Studies

In a recent manuscript, Brajcich and Friesner (2022) proposed a new methodology to assess financial comparability in not-for-profit organizations. Their approach utilizes entropy-based information theory, and thus requires few prior assumptions about the formation and implications of financial statement comparability. This manuscript assesses the practical utility of the Brajcich and Friesner (2022) methodology by comparing its results to those generated by nonhierarchical cluster analysis. The analysis was conducted using balance sheets drawn from Washington State critical access hospitals in 2019, using a similar set of hospitals and an identical set of variables outlined in Brajcich and Friesner (2022). We find …

Non-Profit Accounting And Financial Strategies For The Exponential Age, Nathan A. Judd

Honors Projects

This research project was designed to introduce the current state of digital assets with all of its potential risks and rewards within the non-profit business sector. Non-profit organizations receive donations constantly, but what happens when an individual gives a digital asset such as Bitcoin to the non-profit? The answer is quite complicated from an accounting and strategic business approach but will be unpacked and reviewed. Other nonprofit topics included are the exponential network effects for digital assets, official FASB accounting regulation treatments for digital assets, taxation documentation from the IRS regarding digital assets, and potential implementation strategies to consider.

Using The Green Climate Fund To Build Stronger Infrastructures Among Sids: A Comparative Analysis Of Tonga And Haiti, Mauricio Gomez Novoa

Global Sustainable Development Projects

The last two decades have drawn significant attention to the lack of infrastructure and adaptation plans accessible for the protection against climate-related hazards, especially those implemented in developing communities where low-income individuals are disproportionately affected. Small Island Developing States, also referred to as SIDS, are known for their limited resources, as well as their high susceptibility to environmental and economic shocks. Officially launched in 2010 by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Green Climate Fund is a US $100 billion dollar fund approved by 196 sovereign governments to help lower-income countries shift to low emission, climate-resilient …

Tree-Based Algorithm For Stable And Efficient Data Clustering, Hasan Aljabbouli, Abdullah Albizri, Antoine Harfouche

Department of Information Management and Business Analytics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The K-means algorithm is a well-known and widely used clustering algorithm due to its simplicity and convergence properties. However, one of the drawbacks of the algorithm is its instability. This paper presents improvements to the K-means algorithm using a K-dimensional tree (Kd-tree) data structure. The proposed Kd-tree is utilized as a data structure to enhance the choice of initial centers of the clusters and to reduce the number of the nearest neighbor searches required by the algorithm. The developed framework also includes an efficient center insertion technique leading to an incremental operation that overcomes the instability problem of the K-means …

The Slow Death Of The Nonprofit Sector And How To Stop It In Three Steps, Taylor S. Mcpheeters

Marriott Student Review

What is happening to the nonprofit sector?

Taylor McPheeters explores the nonprofit Starvation Cycle—the eventual downfall of the nonprofit sector—and what you can do to end the cycle before it's too late.

Crowdfunding Challenges For New Charity Organizations, Katherine M. Lowe

Marriott Student Review

A look into the complicated and competitive world of nonprofit fundraising in the modern world. With a special emphasis on the struggles new nonprofits face in differentiating their services and attracting donors through online crowdfunding.

The Velocity Of Risk, Sridhar Ramamoorti, James H. Wanserski, Richard Stover

Accounting Faculty Publications

Only a few decades ago, the onset of problematic risk events often was slow, and organizations handled the corresponding aftermath over a manageable time frame. Organizations armed with extensive public relations resources responded to most postevent crises after planning and analyzing thoughtful responses. Additionally, organizations carefully calculated their transparency with stakeholders regarding the event to manage its impact on the organization. Fast forward to today, and the pace of information is almost instantaneous. For example, when a popular U.S. fast food restaurant chain experienced an outbreak of E. coli-infected lettuce, its stock price decreased 44 percent within 90 days amid …

Capacitación Para La Elaboración De Informes Administrativos Y Contables De La Fundación Jesús El Buen Pastor, Según Requerimiento De La Alcaldía Mayor De Bogotá D.C, David Ernesto Ramos Cobos, Ana Carolina Hernández

Administración de Empresas

El siguiente proyecto, consistió en orientar y capacitar en temas administrativos y contables a los miembros de la entidad sin ánimo de lucro Fundación Jesús el Buen Pastor, dedicada a prestar servicio social a las familias de bajos recursos en la localidad de Bosa de Bogotá. Dentro del texto se encontrará los enfoques más importantes en los cuales se tuvo que trabajar rápidamente, esto debido a que la Fundación Jesús el Buen Pastor por temas de desconocimiento no cumplía con los requisitos mínimos de las entidades reguladoras, los cual podía llevarlos a un cierre definitivo de sus instalaciones. A través …

Fundación Una Gota De Esperanza - Capacitaciones Administrativo-Contables En Centro Misionero Bethesda Iglesia Del Millón De Almas, Laura Alejandra Ortiz Fuentes, Liliana Velásquez Laguna

Administración de Empresas

El desarrollo de las actividades procedentes en este trabajo de Proyección Social tiene su progreso en el Centro Misionero Bethesda “Iglesia del millón de almas”, la Fundación Una Gota De Esperanza entidad sin ánimo de lucro fundada en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, y ahora radicada en Bogotá, como fundación lleva a cabo actividades para procurar que los estratos menos favorecidos puedan obtener beneficios para satisfacer sus necesidades básicas, es por esto mismo que La Salle hace presencia en la fundación para aportar a la causa de la fundación brindando capacitaciones administrativas y contables.

El enfoque del presente trabajo …

Plan De Mejoramiento Administrativo Y Contable Para La Fundación Palagus De La Localidad De Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá D.C., Andersson Fabian Morales Guerra, Darío Nicolas Prieto Tenorio

Contaduría Pública

El presente trabajo se compone de dos partes la primera parte tiene como objetivo el diagnóstico y estado real de la Fundación Palagus la cual corresponde a la UPZ 19 (Ciudad Bolívar), observando y analizando las variables que la componen tales como servicios públicos, vías de acceso, salud, educación, entre otras las cuales se denominan macro variables. En la segunda parte se enfocara directamente en herramientas como el DOFA, el cual mostrará el estado real de la Fundación, permitiendo observar y analizar necesidades y falencias que tiene la comunidad y que permite la realización del plan de mejoramiento administrativo y …

Capacitación Empresarial Administrativa Y Contable Destinada Al Programa Despertar Emprendedor Barrio Pinar – Suba Fundación María Luis De Moreno, Nidia Consuelo Tellez Buitrago, Wilson David Maldonado

Administración de Empresas

La Universidad de la Salle en convenio con la Fundación Internacional María Luisa de Moreno permiten que los estudiantes de últimos semestres a través de la modalidad de grado proyección social, construir el proyecto “Despertar Emprendedor” de la Fundación María Luisa de Moreno; programa que se ha desarrollado durante varios años y consiste principalmente en capacitar a personas interesadas en poner en marcha una idea de negocio y que a través del afianzamiento de conocimientos administrativos y contables participar en la feria empresarial, que es tradición en la Universidad de la Salle. Dado lo anterior, los estudiantes que escriben este …

Trabajo De Campo En El Área Administrativa Y Contable Fundación Jesús El Buen Pastor, Katherine Lastra Vargas, Luis Eduardo Aroca Cobos

Administración de Empresas

En este trabajo podemos encontrar la aplicación de los conocimientos adquiridos en las carreras de Administración de Empresas y Contaduría Pública para el mejoramiento de los procesos y procedimientos de la Fundación Jesús El Buen Pastor, el cual contribuyó a crear un marco estratégico que permitió identificar la misión para la cual la organización fue creada y a su vez establecer lineamientos y herramientas que pudieran ayudar al crecimiento de la fundación tanto administrativo como contable. Al desarrollar este trabajo de grado se pudo obtener la situación actual de la fundación, realizar un diagnóstico de la misma y a su …

Occupational Fraud: Executive Compensation And Enforcements Against Auditors And Perpetrators., Erlina Papakroni

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

This dissertation is comprised of three studies that examine the association of executive compensation with financial statement fraud and enforcements pursued against the independent auditor and the principal perpetrators when occupational fraud is detected.

The first study examines competing, though non-mutually exclusive, hypotheses for the path that equity compensation follows on its way to financial misreporting. We find that firms that experience financial statement fraud pay their executives higher levels and a higher proportion of equity compensation across the entire executive’s tenure. This starts in the first year of an executive’s tenure and continues up until the fraud period. These …

Asesoría Contable, Administrativa De La Fundación Amigos Samaritanos, Caterin Suspes Bulla, Luis Rivera Gonzales

Contaduría Pública

Con el fin de darle cumplimiento al programa de proyección social de la Universidad de la Salle, se realizó una investigación sobre la fundación Amigos Samaritanos, para poder determinar el estado en el que se encontraba esta fundación, para lo que se utilizaron herramientas tales como la observación, revisión documental, entre otras. Se desarrolló un proceso de implementación y asesoría contable y administrativa a la fundación Amigos Samaritanos, con el propósito de fortalecer la gestión de esta y contribuir con su buen desarrollo, realizando actividades de mejora e implementando herramientas que sean de utilidad para el desarrollo contable y administrativo …

Curso De Formación Básica Empresarial - Red Padres De Familia De La Universidad De La Salle, Jesús David Quintana Velásquez, Brandon Giovanny Ávila Adrada

Contaduría Pública

La Universidad de la Salle en su tarea altruista de trabajar por el bien del prójimo, desde el año 2005 a través de la Vicerrectoría de Promoción y Desarrollo Humano, la unidad de trabajo social y la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Contables puso en marcha un programa de capacitación teórico-práctico para la creación e innovación de empresas dirigido a los padres de familia de los estudiantes de la Universidad, dicho curso es desarrollado e implementado por los estudiantes de últimos semestres de los programas de Administración de Empresas y Contaduría Pública como opción del desarrollo de su trabajo de …

Measuring The Financial Health Of American Symphony Orchestras, Samantha M. Lulka

Honors Theses and Capstones

No abstract provided.

Hospital Cost Accounting: Saving Lives And Saving On Costs, Amanda Whitehouse

Honors Projects in Accounting

Within an industry constantly pursuing accuracy, a cost accounting system that addresses the ongoing concerns of saving money and increasing efficiency is a must. Now more than ever, hospitals require reliable information to combat the conflicting relationship between an increase in spending on new instruments and specialized staff, but a decrease in funding. This project explores potential avenues to find a successful cost accounting method using past research, analysis of hospitals’ current environments, and expert opinions from hospital and healthcare personnel. Each hospital is different based on their environment, surrounding population, type of services provided, and personal demands. This study …

Risk Consumption, Sridhar Ramamoorti, Rick Stover

Accounting Faculty Publications

Understanding the difference between risk appetite and risk tolerance can deter organizations from digesting too much risk.

The concepts of risk appetite and risk tolerance were introduced in 2004 in The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission’s (COSO’s) Enterprise Risk Management–Integrated Framework. Specifically, COSO defines risk appetite as “the amount of risk — on a broad level — that an entity is willing to accept in pursuit of value.” Naturally, organizations will have different risk appetites depending on their industry, management philosophy, operating style, culture, and objectives. Therefore, a range of appetites potentially exist for distinct risks, which …

Fortalecimiento De Las Organizaciones Solidarias Del Municipio De Anolaima: Casa Campesina Y Cultural De Anolaima Luis Avelino Pérez Y El Proyecto Precooperativa Artesanías Kayunda, William Orlando Puentes Bustos, Rodrigo Fernando Soriano Gómez

Contaduría Pública

En las organizaciones de economía solidaria Casa Campesina y Cultural Luis Avelino Pérez y el proyecto precooperativa Artesanías Kayunda visitadas en el Municipio de Anolaima, se encontró falencias de tipo legal, administrativo, fiscal, contable y financiero. Para ayudar a los participantes, la Universidad de la Salle realizó talleres y actividades educativas de economía solidaria para ofrecerles conocimiento en estas áreas.

El objetivo de este trabajo es fortalecer las organizaciones de economía solidaria, motivar a los asociados, capacitar con conocimientos, promover una cultura ecológica, el sentido de pertenencia de los ciudadanos del Municipio de Anolaima, específicamente en la Casa Campesina y …

The Preventive Effects Of Whistleblowers On Fraud In Nonprofits, Elizabeth Evankovich

Senior Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

The Balance Between Financial And Quality Performance In For-Profit Hospitals Versus Non-Profit Hospitals, Blake Seidner

CMC Senior Theses

Recent trends of financial distress for non-profit hospitals and the uptick in acquisition of these hospitals by for-profit entities indicate different focuses from the management of each type of hospital. Using data on hospital quality and basic financial measures, this study examines shift in the balance of financial and quality performance. The dataset focuses on private non-profit and for-profit hospitals with low bed counts, ranging from 50-200 total beds. Results indicate a positive relationship between for-profit status and basic financial performance measures, such as profitability, and a negative relationship with patient experience, cost reduction for the patient, and overall quality. …

Voluntary Changes In Accounting Principle: Literature Review, Descriptive Data, And Opportunities For Future Research, Marsha B. Keune, Timothy M. Keune, Linda C. Quick

Accounting Faculty Publications

Voluntary changes in accounting principle represent explicit and fundamental decisions by managers to exercise accounting discretion. This paper develops an organizing framework to review prior literature on voluntary changes, provides descriptive insights on contemporary changes, and identifies opportunities for future research on voluntary changes. The voluntary change literature is robust and has examined many questions using data prior to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). We find that contemporary voluntary changes often vary across the pre-SOX, post-SOX, and post-SFAS No. 154 periods by the materiality of their income effect, issue type, and justifications provided by managers, suggesting that manager use …

Materiality Defined: Differing Concepts Of Materiality Can Cause Confusion Among Stakeholders, Michael P. Fabrizius, Sridhar Ramamoorti

Accounting Faculty Publications

Because the term materiality arose within the context of financial reporting and statement assurance, internal auditors have been challenged in adapting or creating a definition that is relevant for themselves and their stakeholders. In the context of financial reporting, materiality is relevant to three stakeholder groups: 1) preparers of financial statements, 2) auditors, and 3) users of financial statements. Although materiality decisions are made by only two of these three groups--preparers and auditors--most internal auditors' conception of materiality likely has a user orientation. The auditor might ask, "How would a reasonably prudent investor react to the magnitude of misstatement (under- …

A Strategy For Teaching Critical Thinking: The Sellmore Case, Joseph F. Castellano, Susan Lightle, Bud Baker

Accounting Faculty Publications

The importance of teaching and applying critical thinking skills is apparently matched by its difficulty in doing so. Sara Rimer, writing for the January 18, 2011, edition of The Hechinger Report, discussed a study by Richard Arum that followed several thousand undergraduates from when they entered college in fall 2005 to when they graduated in spring 2009. Arum’s research, published in his book Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses, found that large numbers of students did not learn critical thinking, complex reasoning, and written communication skills. Arum used testing data and student surveys from 24 colleges and universities ranging …

Philanthropy Under The Microscope: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Small Nonprofits Conducting Financial Statement Audits, Sarah Samaniego

Senior Honors Theses

External audits are conducted by Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) and ensure the reliability of financial reporting and internal controls of a given organization. Publicly traded corporations are required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to conduct a yearly external audit. In addition, some large or government funded not-for-profits must produce audited financial statements upon request. If an organization is not required to conduct an audit, it may still choose to undergo an independent audit. Among those that may voluntarily conduct an audit are small nonprofit organizations. Due to the unique characteristics of small nonprofits, some elements of an external …

Auditing Organizational Governance: Internal Audit Has An Integral Role To Play In Improving The Organization's Strategic Performance, Sridhar Ramamoorti, Alan N. Siegfried, P. Alan White

Accounting Faculty Publications

Organizational governance is a broad concept that ensures superior strategy formulation, development, and execution in ways that balance performance, conformance, and accountability. It includes systems, controls, and associated processes that promote ethics and values, performance and accountability, and risk communication and coordination among the board, external and internal auditors, and management in meeting and exceeding stakeholder expectations. Internal audit’s role in organizational governance has always been recognized and valued, but it has become increasingly important in the wake of governance failures in financial and public sectors throughout the world. As a result, more and more boards as well as executive …

Why Audit Teams Need The Confidence To Speak Up, Susan Lightle, Joseph F. Castellano, Bud Baker

Accounting Faculty Publications

A climate of psychological safety is an important prerequisite for effective interpersonal relationships among audit team members and for audit teams to properly meet their fiduciary responsibilities. Audit processes can be more effective and the quality of audits can be improved if auditors understand the concept of psychological safety and its application for audit teams. The failure to create a climate of psychological safety among audit team members can have harmful effects on audit quality, but fortunately CPA firms can take steps to enhance psychological safety and enable more effective audit processes and audit work.