Business Commons^™

Moving Beyond Entry Modes: Toward A New Paradigm Of International Involvement In An Era Of Digitalization And Global Transitions, Noman Shaheer, Sali Li, Liang Chen, Keith D. Brouthers, Dan Li, Peter Liesch

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We seek to reconceptualize internationalization strategy by shifting focus from static, single-entry mode choices to dynamic constellations of multiple involvement modes. In an era of rapid technological change enabled by artificial intelligence, blockchain, and robotics, geopolitical volatility fueled by trade wars and violent conflicts, and increasing sustainability demands, multinational corporations (MNCs) need to rethink how they are involved with diverse stakeholder expectations, prioritize flexibility and reversibility, and embed co-creation and legitimacy alongside efficiency. Extending Brouthers et al. (2022), we integrate transaction cost economics with resource-based, institutional, opportunity, and ecosystem perspectives to explain how MNCs configure and reconfigure various constellations of …

The External Influence Of International Business Scholarship: Growth, Stabilization, Or Decline?, Gokhan Ertug, Andrew Delios, Yi Li, Zhengchu Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The influence of international business (IB) scholarship is an active debate (e.g., Bello & Kostova, 2012; Cantwell et al., 2014, 2016; Doh et al., 2023; Tung et al., 2023). Although IB research has expanded in the number of publications, in its sophistication of research design, and in its thematic breadth over the past decades, questions remain regarding its influence beyond the core ecosystem of IB journals. Anecdotally, a pessimistic view has become more commonplace. The concern is that IB has become increasingly self-referential, relying more heavily on IB-related theory extensions and context-specific settings, which could limit its resonance in the …

Settlement Manipulation In Prediction Markets, David Dai, Ruizhe Jia, Shihao Yu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Prediction markets increasingly list contracts settling on an asset price that holders can move by trading the underlying. We build a model showing that such contracts transfer wealth from prediction-market liquidity traders to manipulators and harm price discovery in the underlying, even as it becomes more liquid. After the launch of Polymarket's five-minute Bitcoin contract, settlement-time spot order flow spikes, causing large price reversals after settlement. Manipulators capture a large amount of profit, mostly from retail. Manipulation is largely absent in the fifteen-minute contracts: lengthening the contract horizon removes it, providing the market-design remedy our model and evidence support.

Power-Sharing Under Pressure: What A Decade Of Community Partnership Reveals For Philanthropy Today, Clare Nolan, Pilar Mendoza

The Foundation Review

Between 2017 and 2024, U.S. philanthropy experienced a period of significant innovation as many foundations reconsidered long-standing assumptions about control and began taking steps to share power more directly with the communities they fund. This article draws on community leaders’ reflections, alongside the authors’ perspective as long-term evaluators, to examine how these commitments were experienced in practice.

The article focuses on the David and Lucile Packard Foundation’s Starting Smart and Strong Initiative (S3I), a 10-year effort to strengthen early learning systems across East San Jose, Fresno, and Oakland, California. Drawing on interviews with grantees and technical assistance partners, along with …

Adaptive Learning Partnerships In Action: Insights And Reflections From The Macarthur Foundation’S Big Bet On Nigeria, Julian Williams, Michael Moses

The Foundation Review

This article explores the evolution of the authors’ strategic learning partnership during their work together with the MacArthur Foundation’s Big Bet On Nigeria. The authors share practical insights into how foundations can cultivate learning relationships grounded in trust, aligned with priorities of program staff and grantees, and calibrated to generate timely, actionable insights.

The authors highlight the key principles that enabled them to help the program and grantees identify and adapt to emerging challenges, lessons, and needs, both within the programming context and in the foundation. In doing so, they offer a roadmap for funders and evaluators seeking to embed …

Front And Back Matter

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Full Issue

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

From Framework To Practice: Insights About Aligning Foundation Impact And Strategic Positioning In A Trust-Based Philanthropy Era, Nancy Pole, Marie-Andrée Mbengue-Reiver, Anne Loranger-King

The Foundation Review

This article examines how a framework revealing foundations’ distinct orientations towards social impact has been used in practice, illustrating the tool’s utility and areas for refinement through one foundation’s experience.

Originally developed for Quebec’s philanthropic ecosystem, the heuristic positions foundations along two continua: strategic posture (problem-solving versus communitysupporting) and impact focus (grantee outcomes versus foundation outcomes), creating four impact orientation quadrants.

The case reveals productive tensions when different parts of a foundation occupy different quadrants. They are particularly acute for public foundations accountable simultaneously to donors, grantees, government funders, and communities.

These insights inform future framework iterations with a view …

Editorial, Julia Coffman

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Reimagining Power And Practice: Grantee Reporting For Greater Impact, Steven Lafrance, Jamae Morris, Lauri Valerio

The Foundation Review

The evaluation of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF) Written Reports Alternative Project (WRAP) pilot revealed that Oral and Alternative Reporting (OAR) options offer a practical, values-aligned pathway to equitable, trust-based reporting that reduces burden while improving usefulness with a pathway to scale.

WRAP participants reported strengthened relationships and two-way learning, especially when conversations complemented or replaced written materials.

Recommendations for others considering OAR include: offer and codify choice, center questions that matter, design technology to support multiple formats, compensate grantee time for evaluation or additional learning-related asks, and train staff for relational learning.

RWJF’s experience demonstrates how reporting can be …

Unpacking Assumptions: What Evaluation Capacity Building Looks Like When It’S Optional, Flexible, And Funded, Jennifer Marsack, Martena Reed, Robiel Abraha, Abby Triño, Sara Jones, Brita Blesi

The Foundation Review

Evaluation capacity building (ECB) in the philanthropic sector is often designed around a common set of assumptions: organizations need to be directed toward “correct” evaluation practices, compliance is the primary motivator for engagement, and funder-defined metrics are the most appropriate measure of success. This article challenges these assumptions by sharing insights from a multi-year ECB initiative funded by Houston Endowment called Harnessing the Power of Data.

Drawing on surveys, interviews, and program participation data, the authors explore how co-creating learning goals in a strengths-based structure shifts the evaluation culture of an organization. Key lessons include: (1) how flexibility and alignment …

Paying For Participation: Equitable Compensation Models For Community Co-Researchers, Jamie Zimmerman, Prabhneet Girn

The Foundation Review

Community-engaged research is increasingly central to philanthropic practice, yet funders rarely provide guidance for compensating community members who participate as co-researchers. This gap is especially pronounced for youth, who often face administrative, legal, and developmental constraints that complicate what “fair pay” looks like in practice.

This article presents findings from a mixed-methods comparative case study of three youth participatory action-research projects involving 44 youth ages 16–24 across varied organizational settings. Data were collected through youth surveys, focus groups, staff interviews, financial analysis, and document review.

Findings show that each model carries distinct trade-offs related to feasibility, transparency, and administrative capacity, …

Executive Summaries

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Shelf: How Reallocating Shelf Space To Emerging Brands Enhances Store Performance Through Dynamic Brand-Level Effects, Jesse Core, Ho Kim

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

This study examines the effects of reallocating shelf space from established to emerging brands in the flavored malt beverage category, a fast-moving, impulse-driven product category. Using a 13-week field experiment in 16 U.S. grocery stores (six treated, ten control), we reallocated one shelf facing from an established to an emerging brand for four weeks before reverting the shelves to their original configuration. Then we analyzed weekly SKU-level data on sales with fixed-effects panel regressions. Results show that the shelf-space reallocation increased category sales by 21.2% during treatment and 27.6% after reversion, revealing persistent gains. At the brand level, emerging brands …

Strategic Sustainability In Fast-Fashion: Consumer Responses To Green Collections, Caroline Le Bon

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

The fashion industry has long been criticized for its detrimental environmental impact. As awareness grows, consumers acknowledge that their demand for variety at low prices has fueled the industry’s unethical practices, making sustainability a key concern for them and for companies. Although fast-fashion brands introduce sustainable collections, they continue to face criticism for prevalent greenwashing practices. Our research explores how integrating such collections into fast-fashion assortments influences consumer perception and purchase intention, depending on their involvement in both fashion and sustainability. Through our quantitative study, we find that implementing strategic sustainability through green collections alone is insufficient to convince environmentally …

Dynamism By Design: The Zoom Effects In Short Video Tourism Marketing, Lujun Su, Yuxi Yang, Songshan (Sam) Huang, Xuehuan He

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

As tourism short videos have become central to destination marketing, camera zoom motion stands out as a simple yet powerful tool. However, theory-driven guidance on when and how to deploy zoom effects remains limited. Drawing on construal level theory, this research examines how zoom motions (zoom-in vs. zoom-out) interact with visual content to affect tourists’ responses. Five main studies across eastern and western cultures demonstrate significant interaction effects between zoom motion and visual content. Specifically, for activity-centric content, zoom-in motion enhances persuasiveness by eliciting objective mental imagery; for site-centric content, zoom-out motion proves more effective, as it evokes feelings-based mental …

Holistic Strategy For Sustainable Supply Chains: Integrating The Purchasing Portfolio Matrix, Supplier Relationship Management, And Life Cycle Assessment, Farida Pulansari, Dean Tirkaamiana, Aulia Dita Ananda Lestari, Fadillah Kurniasari, Indhira Prameswari Susanto, Ferry Jie

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This study proposes a holistic strategy for sustainable supplier management by integrating the Purchasing Portfolio Matrix (PPM), Supplier Positioning Matrix (SPM), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) within the Indonesian furniture industry. The study aims to enhance supplier segmentation and decision-making by incorporating economic, relational, and environmental dimensions into a unified framework. A case study approach is employed using the Best–Worst Method (BWM) to evaluate 74 suppliers, followed by portfolio analysis and environmental impact assessment. The results indicate that the majority of suppliers are concentrated in low-risk but high-profit categories, highlighting their strategic importance in the supply chain. The LCA results …

An Integrated Analytics Model For Evaluating Strategic Investments Under Volatile Conditions, Atul Chandra, R. Hartley

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Strategic projects are exposed to multiple uncertainties within a competitive environment that result in trade-off between two decisions, early investment that pre-empts competitors versus delay to allow resolution of uncertainties. Unlike the binary net present value (NPV) based decision to invest or abandon now, our multiple volatility real option games approach (MVR games) frames strategic investment decisions as a dynamic process for future options. It is a decision tree framework that computes and analyses strategic net present value (SNPV) using four MVR games modules and decision making. SNPV combines NPV with two offsetting real option and strategic values. Real option …

Financing Climate Action Through Fair Taxation: How Sdg Engagement Reduces Corporate Tax Avoidance, Ahmed Aboud, Niccolò Nirino, Panagiota Papadimitri, Michael Christofi

All Works

The transition to a low-carbon economy, central to achieving Paris Agreement targets and Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action), requires unprecedented public and private investment. A significant climate financing gap persists, however, exacerbated by corporate practices that erode the public revenue base. This paper investigates a critical, yet often overlooked, component of corporate responsibility: tax avoidance. We examine the impact of firm-level sustainable development goal (SDG) disclosure on corporate tax avoidance using an international sample of 7213 firms operating in 81 countries over the period 2019–2023. Our analysis reveals a robust inverse relationship between SDG disclosure and corporate tax avoidance, …

Strategic Intent And International Corporate Entrepreneurship: The Role Of Learning Climate And Entrepreneurial Leadership In A Developing Economy, Maytha Al Ali, Muhammad Usman, Ilknur Ozturk

All Works

In today's fast-paced global economy, born-global SMEs must rapidly develop strategic capabilities to compete on the international stage. Understanding how these firms cultivate entrepreneurial behavior across borders is critical for sustaining competitive advantage. However, limited research has systematically examined the mechanisms and boundary conditions through which strategic intent translates into international entrepreneurial outcomes, particularly in developing economy contexts such as Pakistan. Drawing on dynamic capabilities theory, this study explores how the strategic intent of born-global firms drives international corporate entrepreneurship (ICE). We propose that a supportive learning climate acts as a key mechanism through which strategic intent translates into ICE. …

Predicting Takeover Rumor Accuracy With Machine Learning, Hamed Khadivar, Frederick Davis, Ameneh Khadivar, Ivan Stetsyuk

All Works

This study applies machine learning models such as TabNet, XGBoost, CatBoost, Support Vector Machines, a Multilayer Perceptron, and Logistic Regression to predict takeover-rumor accuracy using a proprietary dataset of 2074 rumor articles with identifiable target firms, screened from over 30,000 news articles from January 2002 to December 2011. In the raw feature (no-PCA) specification, Logistic Regression and TabNet perform similarly. After addressing class imbalance and applying dimensionality reduction (PCA), TabNet materially outperforms Logistic Regression and delivers economically meaningful gains: A TabNet-based long-short strategy earns higher average monthly abnormal returns than a Logistic Regression strategy at both horizons, 1.148% versus 0.773% …

Homelessness And Business: Perception, Affect And Opportunity, Asatur Nor-Ashkarian

University Honors Theses

This thesis examines the relationship between business owners and individuals experiencing homelessness within urban commercial districts in the United States, arguing that the dynamic is shaped primarily by spatial concentration, uneven power structures, economic pressure, and public framing rather than simple conflict between competing interests. Drawing on stakeholder analysis, business perception surveys, a mixed-methods study, and an original content analysis of 50 news articles spanning 23 states, this thesis identifies a consistent pattern: business owners broadly perceive homeless presence as negatively impacting safety, cleanliness, and consumer behavior. Local news media reinforces those perceptions through predominantly negative framing of homeless individuals. …

From Campus To Community: The Role Of Higher Education In Strengthening Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems In Appalachia, Anne M. Montgomery

Dissertations

This study addresses a gap in understanding how small, rural liberal arts higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Appalachian College Association Entrepreneurial Alliance (ACAEA) support regional entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs), and how, if at all, those strategies vary across Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) county economic classifications. Using a qualitative multi-case design, the study examined 10 ACAEA institutions and drew on semi-structured interviews, site observations, institutional documents (including strategic plans), and ARC county-level economic data. The analysis produced five cross-case themes describing how these institutions support entrepreneurship: (a) strategic leadership and institutional culture, (b) experiential and embedded entrepreneurial education, (c) community-driven partnerships …

Disrupting The Time Space Continuum: Time Travel As Methodological Practice For Building Evaluation Capacity, Linetta Alexander

The Foundation Review

Dominant Western ideology limits our understanding of and engagement with time, representing it as a linear two-dimensional arrow that moves forward in one direction from the past to the future. Viewing the past, present, and future as distinct and disconnected phases can hinder the growth and improvement of organizations working on building their evaluation capacity.

In contrast to Western notions of time, Indigenous cultures of the Americas and Africa understand the interconnectedness of all aspects of being, that our experiences are more cyclical, where birth leads to death and death to rebirth. The Sankofa principle, rooted in Akan philosophy, states …

How, For Whom, And Under What Conditions: Using A Causal Pathways Approach To Support The Goals Of Philanthropic Evaluation, Drew Koleros, Sophie Bright, Dana Harrison, Megan Shoji, Tina Fletcher

The Foundation Review

Causal pathways approaches are gaining traction as evaluators seek methods that move beyond descriptive analysis to rigorously explain how, for whom, and under what conditions change occurs in complex systems. Yet there remains limited practical guidance on how to operationalize these approaches in real-world philanthropic contexts or assess their quality.

This article addresses these gaps through a case study of an evaluation taking a causal pathways approach that examines students’ experiences in four virtual and hybrid K–12 learning models. Using a realist evaluation design within a broader causal pathways orientation, the authors collaboratively developed theories of change, iteratively tested and …

Antitrust Law And Healthcare Consolidation: Case Analyses Of U.S. Hospital And Insurance Mergers, Francesca Meek

Honors Projects

Rising healthcare costs in the United States have intensified concerns about hospital consolidation and its effects on market competition. This paper examines the application of antitrust law to horizontal mergers involving hospitals and health insurers, focusing on how courts evaluate proposed mergers under Section 7 of the Clayton Act. Using a qualitative case study approach, the study analyzes eight major federal antitrust cases from the past two decades to determine how courts assess market concentration, competitive effects, and merger defenses.

The findings show that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and Department of Justice (DOJ) were successful in six of the …

Educational Content Creation For Non-Textbook Learning Resources, Dorina Tila

Open Educational Resources

These are materials that will be supporting faculty teaching and students enrolled in ECO 1200: Macroeconomics. Some items are also helpful in other economics, finance, and business classes. The set includes:

• Customized Summaries of Modules,
• Up-to-date Case Examples and Assignments
• Economic Experiments and Game Designs and Instructions,
• Instructions that Ethically and Effective Use Generative AI

The Dialectics Of Governance – Navigating Institutional Complexity, Trust, And Innovation In Indonesia, Muhammad Ramaditya, Rijal Ramdhani

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

No abstract provided.

Supporting Three-Sector Relationships For Enhancing Agility And Market (Stream): A Comparative Study Of Small And Medium Enterprises (Smes) In China And Indonesia, Marizal Fanani, Muhammad Akmal Daffari, Ikhtiar Anugrah Hidayat, Adinda Qornelica

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

In a rapidly evolving borderless economy, the success of Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in penetrating global markets demonstrates the critical role of structured collaboration among government, industry, and academia. This study examines how intersectoral collaboration, analyzed through the Triple Helix Framework, impacts the innovation agility and market readiness of SMEs in China and Indonesia. This research adopts a qualitative comparative policy analysis, drawing on relevant journals, policy documents, and SME reports to explore how interactions between these sectors influence SME growth and innovation. The findings show that China’s SME is supported by: (1) strong institutional coordination, (2) well-developed …

Determinants Of Public Trust In E-Government: A Comprehensive Review And Conceptual Framework Over The Past Decade, Andrean Nathaniel, Sumartono Sumartono, Abd. Qadir Muslim

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

The evolution of digital governance has heightened the strategic significance of public trust in the implementation of e-government. Despite numerous empirical investigations, the results concerning the factors influencing trust remain fragmented and largely centered on technological aspects. This study seeks to systematically identify, categorize, and synthesize the determinants of trust in e-government through a structured literature review of 21 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2015 and 2025. Utilizing an evidence-based synthesis methodology, the study organizes determinants of trust into four main categories: citizen-related, technological, institutional, and risk-related factors. The findings indicate that technological and citizen-related factors are the most significant predictors …