Business Commons^™

She Leads: A Phenomenological Study Of Women's Leadership Experiences In Nonprofit Organizations, Trisha W. Lee

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Women comprise a significant portion of the nonprofit sector workforce but are underrepresented in leadership, particularly among executives in larger revenue nonprofit organizations (NPOs). This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of women who led large, local NPOs (those with annual revenues between $1 million and $5 million) in Ohio. Addressing a gap in understanding the intersection of gender and leadership in large revenue NPOs, this research compared women who were founders of their NPOs with women who ascended to leadership in established organizations. Did founding one’s own NPO provide an advantage in leading it once it grew? How did …

From Margin To Mandate: Examining Community Development Strategies That Support Black Lgbtq+ Youth Experiencing Homelessness, Martel Okonji

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Black LGBTQ+ transitional-aged youth (TAY) experiencing homelessness navigate intersecting systems of marginalization that shape their access to safety and stability. While community development organizations play a critical role in addressing these inequities, limited research examines how these strategies are implemented. This study explored how a community development organization supports Black LGBTQ+ TAY experiencing homelessness. Using a qualitative single case study design, data was collected through semi-structured interviews with leadership, staff, and youth, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Grounded in community development theory and ethical leadership, the study examined how organizational practices shape outcomes. Findings revealed an affirming, relational approach centered …

The Journey To Generative Conflict: An Action Research Study In A Community Action Agency, Maya Townsend

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Countries around the world face unprecedented levels of polarization and discontent, creating conditions that encourage organizational conflict as employees replicate patterns present within the environment. Organizational conflict can be a source of anxiety, a distraction from work, and an impediment to innovation, sound decision making, and quality outcomes. However, conflict need not be destructive. With that background, this dissertation is guided by the following primary research question: How can an organization develop a generative conflict culture that strengthens relationships and contributes to positive outcomes? The single-case study follows one community action agency as it seeks to develop and implement more …

Good News For The Poor And More: Reclaiming Martin Luther King, Jr.'S Radical Gospel Of Economic Justice In Pursuit Of The Beloved Community, Lester A. Mccorn

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This dissertation, Good News for the Poor and More: Reclaiming Martin Luther King Jr.’s Radical Gospel of Economic Justice in Pursuit of the Beloved Community, argues that Martin Luther King Jr.—one of the most transformational American leaders of the 20th century—should be best understood as a central figure within the Black Social Gospel tradition whose rhetoric constitutes a sustained socio-political and theological critique of economic injustice. Moving beyond interpretations that limit King to racial integration and civil rights, this study demonstrates that his preaching confronts the structural realities of poverty, racial capitalism, and militarism as interrelated forms of systemic …

Crypto Litigation And Market Efficiency, Robert E. Bishop, Bradford Levy, Frank Partnoy, Daniel Taylor, Andrew Yeh

Faculty Scholarship

This paper investigates, for the first time in the literature, the factors that should matter to courts in determining whether a crypto  market is “efficient,” meaning that prices are sufficiently responsive to information. Based on new empirical evidence and a series of event studies, we recommend a new judicial framework for assessing market  efficiency in crypto litigation.

Market efficiency tests based on event studies have played an important role in other areas of litigation, particularly securities litigation, where courts frequently rely on what have become known as the “Cammer factors.” Academics have not yet assessed the extent to which market …

Contemporary Issues In Economics And Finance: The View From China, Kenneth S. Bigel

Open Touro Created

2026

This collection of essays showcases original research crafted by exceptional young scholars—primarily high school students from China and North America—guided step-by-step from topic selection to final publication. Across diverse subjects in business and the social sciences, these emerging researchers demonstrate curiosity, discipline, and global awareness. Their work provides a rare window into the questions today’s youth are asking on both sides of the Pacific, offering fresh perspectives and a meaningful bridge between two world powers. Designed not only to inspire but also to instruct, this compendium fills a long-recognized gap in early research education: it presents accessible, real student …

Lost In Instructions: Study Of Blind Users' Experiences With Diy Manuals And Ai-Rewritten Instructions For Assembly, Operation, And Troubleshooting Of Tangible Products, Monalika Padma Reddy, Aruna Balasubramanian, Jiawei Zhou, Xiaojun Bi, Iv Ramakrishnan, Vikas Ashok

Computer Science Faculty Publications

AI tools like ChatGPT and Be-My-AI are increasingly being used by blind individuals. Although prior work has explored their use in some Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tasks by blind individuals, little is known about how they use these tools and the available product-manual resources to assemble, operate, and troubleshoot physical/tangible products – tasks requiring spatial reasoning, structural understanding, and precise execution. We address this knowledge gap via an interview study and a usability study with blind participants, investigating how they leverage AI tools and product manuals for DIY tasks with physical products. Findings show that manuals are essential resources, but product-manual instructions …

A Comparative Analysis Of Explainable Ai (Xai) Techniques For Transparent And Reliable Image Classification, Sovon Chakraborty, Shakib Mahmud Dipto, Kevin R. Pilkiewicz, Michael L. Mayo, Pratip Rana

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Evaluating the trustworthiness of black-box machine learning models remains a significant methodological challenge. Their lack of transparency and interpretability limits applicability, because stakeholders often seek transparency before trusting the results of black-box machine learning models. Explainable AI (XAI) methods provide for human-understandable justifications and informed decision-making of these black-box architectures. Therefore, it is imperative to select the proper XAI model tailored to specific tasks. In this research, we focus on examining four XAI techniques: PEEK, LRP, GRAD-CAM, and LIME to understand how they perform against each other for image classification tasks. We evaluate the performance, robustness, generalizability, noise stability, and …

Micro-Behavioral Analysis Of Online Shopping Patterns For Blind Users, Yash Prakash, Akshay Kolgar Nayak, Nithiya Venkatraman, Sampath Jayarathna, Hae-Na Lee, Vikas Ashok

Computer Science Faculty Publications

While online shopping platforms provide convenience and autonomy to blind users, their non-visual interactions remain underexplored at a micro-behavioral level. Existing studies have primarily emphasized accessibility and usability challenges but have overlooked how fine-grained, screen reader-driven keystroke-level behaviors reflect users’ cognitive strategies. In this paper, we present the findings of a longitudinal study with 25 blind participants to examine their micro-behavioral patterns, using keyboard activity and screen reader logs on both familiar and unfamiliar e-commerce websites. We complemented this study with semi-structured interviews to contextualize the uncovered micro-behavioral patterns. Our results revealed patterns in how blind users draw upon cognitive …

Evaluating The Use Of Machine Learning For Road Maintenance Cost Estimation, Shahla Shirinzad, David Enke

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurate estimation of highway maintenance costs is essential for efficient resource allocation and long-term infrastructure sustainability. This study evaluates the effectiveness of advanced machine learning models, including ResNet, Transformer, and other neural network architectures, for forecasting maintenance costs using historical data from the Highway Maintenance Improvement Program (HMIP) provided by the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NC DOT). A comprehensive comparative analysis is conducted across multiple models using standard performance metrics, including R², MAE, RMSE, and MSE. The results demonstrate that advanced architectures, particularly ResNet and Transformer, consistently outperform traditional statistical approaches and baseline machine learning models, achieving …

Psychometric Properties Of The Digital Psychological Competence Scale For University Students In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Mona Saad Falih Alamri

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

Higher education has undergone a rapid digital transformation, requiring students to navigate technology-rich learning environments that demand integrated cognitive and psychological competencies. This study aimed to develop and validate a Psychodigital Competence Scale for university students in the western region of Saudi Arabia, using a sample of 523 students. The initial version included 21 items, which were revised through expert judgment (agreement >= 80%) to produce a final 16-item, four-factor scale. Construct validity was assessed using a pilot sample, and Pearson correlations demonstrated statistically significant item-scale relationships at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels. Reliability indicators showed significant split-half reliability (p < 0.01) and a high Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.908). Exploratory factor analysis supported data suitability (KMO = 0.85, Bartlett's test p < 0.01, determinant = 0.011), and confirmatory factor analysis validated the four-factor model. These findings confirm strong psychometric properties, establishing the scale as a reliable tool for psychological and educational research.

Level Of Integration Of Learning Disability Program Services From The Perspective Of Learning Disability Supervisors And Teachers In Taif City, Abdullah Ahmed Ali Alghamdi

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aimed to investigate the level of functional integration among the core elements of learning disabilities programs in Taif, by surveying the opinions of those working in these programs within a comprehensive evaluation framework. This framework considered the governing legislation and regulations, the efficiency of diagnostic and assessment processes, the effectiveness of implementing Individualized Education Plans (IEPs), and other operational components that form the scientific and practical basis for the quality of educational services in these programs. The study adopted a descriptive approach, deemed most suitable for understanding the field reality, and its instruments as survey were applied to …

Arabic Proverbs From The Perspective Of Ancient Logic: Al-Maydani's Collection Of Proverbs As A Model, Shihana Saeed Abdullah Al-Shahrani

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This research aims to reveal the manifestations of logic in Arabic proverbs, as short, condensed texts that express the Arab mind's experience in deconstructing the contents of Arabic proverbs and maxims in light of the concepts of ancient logic and analyzing them as anthropological tools for establishing cultural truths that reflect the structure of collective Arab consciousness. The research dealt with the logical structure in proverbs in terms of the relationship between premise and conclusion, signifier and signified, and induction and deduction. This demonstrates that the Arabic proverb was not merely a literary or social expression, but rather a rational …

Heritage In Digital Literary Discourse: An Analytical Approach To Fawaz Al-Laboun's Tweets, Zuhir Hassan Saeed Alamri

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study examines heritage in digital literary discourse through an analytical approach to the tweets of Fawaz Al-Laboun, within a contemporary narrative context shaped by the digital sphere, where narrative forms intersect with creative expression. The study traces transformations in the presence of heritage within the digital environment and explores the potential of short-form narration when employed to generate poetic, cultural, and rhetorical meanings on social media platforms, particularly X. The study relies on the analysis of six selected digital news texts drawn from Al-Laboun's posts. These texts were chosen based on their connection to cultural memory and narrative structure, …

The Judgments Of The Commentators On Ibn Malik's Statements Concerning Apparent Discrepancies Between Al-Tashil And Its Commentary: A Critical Study, Sarah Abdullah Abdul Aziz Al-Sabih

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study examines the instances in which commentators on al-Tashil pointed to what appears to be a difference between Ibn Malik's statements in Tashil al-Fawa'id wa-Takmil al-Maqasid and his Sharh al-Tashil. It aims to analyze these judgments and assess their validity considering textual context and grammatical methodology. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the study correlates the concise formulations of the Tashil with their expanded explanations in the commentary and traces the criteria employed by the commentators in identifying difference or inconsistency. The findings indicate that most cases described as contradiction do not constitute genuine inconsistency. Rather, they result from variation in …

Designing An Instructional Unit To Develop Skills In Sustainable Children's Clothing Production, Mona Omar Ali Al Omar

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The manufacture of sustainable children's garments-particularly reverse-style transformative clothing-has recently emerged as an innovative approach aimed at maximising utilisation efficiency by designing multifunctional products that prolong service life and reduce waste. The significance of this study lies in preparing female students to engage with the rapid advancements in sustainable apparel production, thereby strengthening their capacity to meet the demands of a modern labour market that increasingly values innovation and sustainability. The study sought to design an instructional unit that would enhance students' knowledge and skills in producing sustainable, reverse-transformative children's clothing, and to implement the unit in order to assess …

A Stylistic Analysis Of Abu Tammam's Poem "Aya Wayla Al-Shaji Min Al-Khali", Fatimah Abdullah Al Shammry

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This research undertakes a stylistic study of Abu Tammam's poem "Aya Wayl al-Shajiyy min al-Khaliyy," seeking to reveal the aesthetic and semantic characteristics that distinguish the stylistic structure of his poetry. The study adopted the stylistic approach as a theoretical and analytical framework for examining the poetic text through its phonetic, syntactic, semantic, and rhetorical levels, based on a perspective that views language as a tool for generating both meaning and emotion. The research consists of two main sections: the first addresses the theoretical framework, including the definition of stylistics, its origins, methods, and trends, alongside a biographical overview of …

Trophy Assets, Aneil Kovvali

Articles

Rich people like to own things that make them look cool. When the thing in question is a car, house, or boat, the implications are limited. But sometimes very rich people own assets that are more important. Within media, Elon Musk acquired Twitter, Jeff Bezos ac-quired the Washington Post, and Patrick Soon-Shiong acquired the Los Angeles Times. There has also been a craze for aerospace: Musk with Space X, Bezos with Blue Origin, Richard Branson with Virgin Galactic, and going back further, Howard Hughes with Hughes Aircraft Company. It is often difficult to understand the behavior in purely finan-cial terms, …

Environmental Risk Modeling For Heavy Rainfall Events In Jeddah City Between The Years (2000-2025), Amina Atallah Al-Rehaili

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study models the potential environmental risks associated with heavy rainfall events that affected Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between 2000 and 2025. A descriptive-analytical approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was employed to analyze spatial patterns of rainfall and assess their environmental implications. The methodology included a literature review, collection of daily rainfall data, identification of extreme rainfall events, and spatial analysis of rainfall distribution across the city. A suitability model was then developed to determine areas most vulnerable to heavy rainfall hazards. Results indicate that heavy rainfall events and their environmental impacts on residents and property correspond to 70.37% …

The Effectiveness Of A Program Based On The Use Of Concept Maps In Improving Descriptive Text Among Female Students With Learning Disabilities, Bedour Ahmed Bahamam

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a program based on the use of concept maps in improving descriptive text writing among middle school female students with learning disabilities. The study employed a quasi-experimental methodology using a single-group pre-test and post-test design. The research instruments included a training program and descriptive writing tasks. The study sample consisted of 21 middle school female students with learning disabilities in Riyadh. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in the number of words produced in the descriptive texts, with the post-test showing superior performance. Additionally, statistically significant differences …

The Reality Of Science Teachers' Possession Of Tpack Model Competencies In Intermediate Schools In Bisha Governorate From Their Perspective, Khaled Saleh Alrawili

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The study aimed to explore the reality of Science Teachers' Possession of TPACK model Competencies in Intermediate Schools in Bisha Governorate from their Perspective, and its relationship to certain variables (academic qualifications - years of experience). The study used a descriptive survey approach by applying a questionnaire consisting, in its final form, of 30 items distributed across four main axes representing the basic components of the TPACK model. The sample consisted of (85) Science teachers in the Bisha Governorate. The study reached a set of results, including: The third axis, "Pedagogical Knowledge" (PK), came in first place in terms of …

Level Of Cognitive Load Among Students With Learning Disabilities In The Middle Stage In Riyadh Region, Khalid Munahi Hudaib Alqahtani

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The study aimed to investigate the level of cognitive load among middle school students with learning disabilities in Riyadh and to identify differences in cognitive load levels according to gender (male-female) and grade level (first, second, third). The study adopted a descriptive approach and was conducted on a sample of (80) students with learning disabilities, whose ages ranged from 14 to 16 years. To achieve the study objectives, a Cognitive Load Scale consisting of (30) items distributed across three dimensions was developed: intrinsic load, extraneous load, and germane load. The results revealed that the overall level of cognitive load among …

The Extent Of Acquiring Scientific Concepts In Science Curricula In The Primary Stage For Hearing, Deaf, And Hard-Of-Hearing Students: Evaluating Achievement, Teaching Practices, Challenges, And Improvement Mechanisms, Rashdan Bin Humeed Bin Masoud Al-Mutarrfi

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study aimed to investigate the level of acquisition of scientific concepts among hearing, deaf, and hard-of-hearing students in the fifth and sixth grades, and to identify the teaching practices used by science teachers when teaching scientific concepts to these students. Additionally, the study sought to uncover the challenges faced by science teachers in teaching scientific concepts to hearing, deaf, and hard-of-hearing students and to propose mechanisms to help science teachers in primary education increase the acquisition of scientific concepts among these students. The study sample consisted of 136 male and female students and 137 male and female teachers. The …

Consumer Rights In E-Commerce Contracts Under The Saudi Legal System: Reality And Challenges, Saeed Abdullah Badawi Al-Zahrani

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

E-commerce is rapidly evolving in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which necessitates the intervention of the Saudi legislator to provide greater protection for consumers who face various challenges in e-commerce contracts. The central research problem lies in identifying the challenges facing consumer rights in e-commerce contracts under the Saudi legal system and exploring ways to enhance consumer protection in this field - a question this study seeks to answer. This study aims to clarify the concept of e-commerce and the notion of consumer rights in e-commerce, while also highlighting the most significant challenges consumers face in such contracts. Moreover, it …

Digital Aesthetics And Post-Internet Art: Transformations Of The Saudi Art Scene Between Global Discourse And Local Narrative, Lina M. Kattan

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This research investigates the evolution of artistic practices in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the impact of digital infrastructures and "post-Internet" aesthetics. Addressing the challenges within the Kingdom's 2030 Vision for cultural transformation, the study examines how digital technologies are reshaping art production and exhibition. The core problem lies in understanding Saudi artists' engagement with the global digital landscape while preserving their connection to Arab and Islamic cultural traditions. The research clarifies the dynamic interplay between global digital art discourse and local storytelling, exploring how artists utilize new technologies and addressing challenges like digital archiving, virtual exhibition sustainability, and technological access …

The Effectiveness Of Training On The Use Of Project-Based Learning Methods In Developing The Teaching Skills Of Middle School Science Teachers, Essa Dakheel Alrehaly

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The current research aimed to measure the effectiveness of training on using project-based learning methods in developing teaching skills among intermediate science teachers. To verify the research hypotheses, a cognitive test and an observation card were used. The experimental treatment materials included the training program in light of project-based learning methods to develop teaching skills among intermediate science teachers. The current research used the experimental method with a quasi-experimental design based on a single-group design with a pre-post application to determine the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. The research sample consisted of an experimental group of …

The Factorial Structure Of The Positive Thinking Scale Among Graduate Students (A Case Study Of Tabuk University), Mohammed Abdullah Asiri, Hissah Suliman Albalawi

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The aim of the research was to identify the factorial structure of the Positive Thinking Scale among graduate students, using confirmatory factor analysis, the level of positive thinking among graduate students, and the differences in the dimensions of positive thinking among graduate students, according to two variables: (gender and specialization). To achieve the research objectives, a descriptive analytical approach was used, and a scale was designed consisting of 36 items distributed across five dimensions (optimism and positive expectation, self-discipline and control of higher-level mental processes, mindfulness, critical thinking, and unconditional self-acceptance). The scale was applied to a stratified random sample …

Presupposition In Shaqraa Al-Madkhali's "I Almost See Me": A Pragmatic Study, Hadiah Faiz Monawer Alrashidy

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This research investigates the presuppositions inherent in the poetic collection (Diwan) titled "Akadu Arani" (I Almost See Myself) by the poetess, Shaqra al-Madkhali. The study aims to categorize these presuppositions and analyze their functional role in articulating the poetess's intentionality, ultimately facilitating the efficacy of the communicative process. Methodologically, the paper adopts a pragmatic framework complemented by a descriptive-analytical approach. The study is organized into an introduction, a theoretical preamble on the concept of presupposition, and five core analytical sections: (1) Existential, (2) Factive, (3) Lexical, (4) Structural, and (5) Non-factive presupposition. The investigation concludes with several key findings, most …

The Level Of Faculty Members' Awareness At The University Of Tabuk Of The Importance Of Using Artificial Intelligence Applications In Teaching According To Selected Demographic Variables, Mufleh Bin Qublan Bin Bajad Al Judea

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

The present study investigates the level of awareness among faculty members at the University of Tabuk regarding the importance of employing artificial intelligence (AI) applications in teaching. To achieve this aim, the study examines the influence of several demographic and professional variables, including academic rank, gender, years of teaching experience, and the level of training in artificial intelligence. A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, and data were collected through a questionnaire administered to a sample of faculty members in the College of Education. The results revealed no statistically significant differences in awareness levels attributable to academic rank, gender, or teaching experience. …

Evaluating The Quality Of Learning Disabilities Programs In Saudi Arabia From Teachers' Perspectives: Qualitative Study, Ahmed Lowiheg Aldousari

University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences

This study investigates the quality of learning disabilities (LD) programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from the perspectives of teachers directly involved in their implementation. The study adopts a qualitative research design, utilizing semi-structured interviews conducted with ten teachers of learning disabilities, including five male and five female teachers. The aim of the study is to explore teachers' perceptions of the effectiveness of current LD programs, identify key challenges encountered in practice, and highlight areas for improvement. The findings reveal that while teachers demonstrate strong commitment and positive attitudes toward supporting students with learning disabilities, several challenges persist, …