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2026

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Articles 1951 - 1980 of 3644

Full-Text Articles in Business

Editor-In-Chief's Note, Surekha Rao Apr 2026

Editor-In-Chief's Note, Surekha Rao

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Statement From The Indiana Academy Of The Social Sciences And Board Of Directors Apr 2026

Statement From The Indiana Academy Of The Social Sciences And Board Of Directors

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Mission And Editorial Policy Apr 2026

Mission And Editorial Policy

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Author Biographical Notes Apr 2026

Author Biographical Notes

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Editorial History Apr 2026

Editorial History

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


The Unsovereign Citizen: The Reconfiguration Of Rights And Belonging In Fascist Italy, Roberta Pergher Apr 2026

The Unsovereign Citizen: The Reconfiguration Of Rights And Belonging In Fascist Italy, Roberta Pergher

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Modern political thought tends to associate citizenship with democracy, equality, and political participation. This article demonstrates that citizenship can be profoundly important also for authoritarian rule. In Fascist Italy, citizenship remained central to political life, not as a vehicle of democratic participation, to be sure, but as a category through which the regime redefined belonging, hierarchy, and sovereignty. Drawing on citizenship legislation, imperial ordinances, racial laws, police reports, and ministerial commentary between 1912 and 1943, this article shows how the dictatorship hollowed out liberal citizenship within the peninsula, stratified it across imperial territories, consolidated it across diasporic populations, and ultimately …


The Courts Closest To The People: The Battle Between Populism And Democracy In The U.S. District Courts, Shruti Rana Apr 2026

The Courts Closest To The People: The Battle Between Populism And Democracy In The U.S. District Courts, Shruti Rana

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

The U.S. district courts have emerged as a critical site of contested terrain amid the chaos and controversies consuming American law and politics since the start of the second Trump administration. This article examines these frontline courts through the theoretical lens of populism, arguing that they have become a critical institutional flashpoint in the populist assault on constitutional democracy in the United States. As the courts closest to the people, the district courts occupy a unique structural position: They are the fact-finding courts, the most geographically dispersed and professionally diverse tier of the federal judiciary, and often the first institutional …


Volume 28, Issue 2 Full Contents Apr 2026

Volume 28, Issue 2 Full Contents

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Call For Papers: 97th Annual Conference Of The Indiana Academy Of The Social Sciences Apr 2026

Call For Papers: 97th Annual Conference Of The Indiana Academy Of The Social Sciences

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Hurdles To Retirement Security: Exploring Race, Religion, And Savings Behavior, Mamoud A. Jalloh, Sedefka Beck Apr 2026

Hurdles To Retirement Security: Exploring Race, Religion, And Savings Behavior, Mamoud A. Jalloh, Sedefka Beck

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Retirement savings have become increasingly central to household financial security as defined contribution plans replace traditional pensions. Using nationally representative data from the 2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study applies a double‑hurdle model to examine the distinct factors shaping participation in retirement plans and contribution intensity. Results reveal persistent racial and ethnic inequalities: Hispanic, Black, and Mixed‑Race workers are significantly less likely to save and contribute markedly less than White workers, even after accounting for income, wealth, and employment characteristics. Religious affiliation also influences savings behavior, with Jewish contributors saving more and several other groups saving less than …


Reviewers And Referees Apr 2026

Reviewers And Referees

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


George C. Roberts Award Recipients Apr 2026

George C. Roberts Award Recipients

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Why Publish With Mssj? Apr 2026

Why Publish With Mssj?

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Submission Guidelines Apr 2026

Submission Guidelines

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.


Design And Implementation Of A Customer Retention And Voice Ai System For El Nopal, Brando Medina Apr 2026

Design And Implementation Of A Customer Retention And Voice Ai System For El Nopal, Brando Medina

Undergraduate Theses

This Honors Applied Thesis documents the design and implementation of a live Customer Retention and Voice AI System for El Nopal, a full-service restaurant, to improve customer follow-up, routine communication handling, and cross-channel engagement. The project was developed for El Nopal’s Tyler Center location on Taylorsville Road and focused on building a practical artifact rather than primarily evaluating long-term business outcomes. The completed v1 system consists of three modules: a Customer Retention System centered on a QR-based VIP rewards workflow, a Voice AI System for routine phone support, and a Cross-Channel Integration Layer that connects voice interactions to CRM-based SMS …


Geopolitical Trade Dynamics: Assessing Global Supply Chain Risks Within International Business Environments, Thomas E. Carver Iii Apr 2026

Geopolitical Trade Dynamics: Assessing Global Supply Chain Risks Within International Business Environments, Thomas E. Carver Iii

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

With global economics and worldwide markets changing at a rapid pace the need to review how this effects global supply operations, risk management, and operational controls is a tactical and strategic component of organizational management. These types of international business arrangements require diversification to the supply chain networks, partnerships, and value chains in all businesses that are doing trade abroad. Geopolitics brings uncertainty to any supply chain organization and having awareness of policy, compliance, and technology strategy are key contributors during the study exploration. Having highly skilled human resource talent to support operational throughput is included in this study to …


Exploring The Possibility Of A Salary Floor In Major League Baseball (Mlb), Tyler Michael Jones Apr 2026

Exploring The Possibility Of A Salary Floor In Major League Baseball (Mlb), Tyler Michael Jones

Masters Theses

This non-experimental quantitative study examined the relationship between team payroll disparities, fan engagement, and perceptions of fairness in Major League Baseball (MLB). Guided by Competitive Balance Theory, the study sought to determine if perceived fairness influenced fan support for the implementation of a salary floor, and whether those attitudes differed across demographic and team context. Data were collected from 200 adult MLB fans residing in the United States and Canada using an online survey distributed via social media platforms. The instrument included demographic items and Likert-scale measures assessing fairness perceptions, fan engagement, and policy support. Data were analyzed using hierarchical …


The Shift In Stakeholder Attitudes Regarding The Importance Of Membership In American Evangelical Churches, Michelle Watts Apr 2026

The Shift In Stakeholder Attitudes Regarding The Importance Of Membership In American Evangelical Churches, Michelle Watts

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The relationship between members' perceived benefits and attendance frequency in American evangelical churches was examined using a quantitative correlational design grounded in social Exchange Theory and the Flywheel Model. Declining attendance presents ongoing organizational challenges for American evangelical churches. Using a fixed correlational research design, data were collected via an online survey administered to adult evangelical church members across geographic regions, education levels, ages, genders, and urban areas. The survey included the established and adapted Perceived Organizational Support Scale and the Perceived Relational Benefit Scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and hierarchical regression to …


The Correlation Between Leadership Performance And Personality In Virtual Technology Workers, Henry C. Mullins Apr 2026

The Correlation Between Leadership Performance And Personality In Virtual Technology Workers, Henry C. Mullins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative correlational study examined the relationship between leadership performance and personality traits among leaders in the technology sector, who work across the spectrum of virtuality. Personality traits were measured using the Big Five model: extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism, using the IPIP-NEO-60 instrument. Leadership performance was measured using the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) and interpreted through both the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and Transformational Leadership theories. Holistically this is viewed through a Transformational Christian worldview. This study also examined the role of virtuality, defined as the extent to which an individual works from an office or remotely. Participants were …


Economic Independence And Professional Legitimacy: Colorado Businesswomen Of The 19th Century, Tyler Brinn Hobbs Freytag Apr 2026

Economic Independence And Professional Legitimacy: Colorado Businesswomen Of The 19th Century, Tyler Brinn Hobbs Freytag

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation examines the tension between legal reform and lived reality for women in Colorado during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although Colorado became the second state to grant women suffrage in 1893 and was widely celebrated as a national leader in women’s rights, the experiences of three influential women—Augusta Louise Tabor, Mary Elitch Long, and Mary Florence Lathrop—demonstrate how legal progress often failed to translate into genuine social, economic, or professional equality. Using a multidisciplinary analysis of primary sources, including court records, newspapers, diaries, and legislative documents, this study explores the disconnect between written law, its application, …


Recognition And Rewards In Healthcare: A Qualitative Exploration Of Employee Experiences Within A Single Health System, Karen B. Brodbeck Apr 2026

Recognition And Rewards In Healthcare: A Qualitative Exploration Of Employee Experiences Within A Single Health System, Karen B. Brodbeck

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative study, grounded in a constructivist research paradigm, explored how enhancing recognition and reward systems within a healthcare organization improved employee morale, retention, and overall organizational success. Guided by a flexible research design, the study sought to understand the lived experiences of healthcare professionals and how they perceived recognition within their organizational environments. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 25 to 30 participants, allowing for rich, contextualized insights into how recognition practices influenced motivation, engagement, and commitment. By examining participants’ subjective interpretations and shared meanings, the research illuminated how recognition and reward systems were experienced in practice and …


The Underutilization Of Executive Coaching As A Leadership Development Tool In The Financial Industry In Sub-Saharan Africa, Gladys Wahito Muga Apr 2026

The Underutilization Of Executive Coaching As A Leadership Development Tool In The Financial Industry In Sub-Saharan Africa, Gladys Wahito Muga

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study entailed an investigation of the underutilization of executive coaching as a leadership development tool in the financial sector of Sub-Saharan Africa, where leadership challenges have hindered organizational growth and transformation. The researcher aimed to identify barriers to coaching adoption, examine leaders’ perceptions of its value compared to other development initiatives, and propose strategies to enhance its acceptance and effectiveness. Grounded in transformational leadership theory, the researcher explored how executive coaching contributes to leadership and organizational performance in emerging markets. Using a constructivist paradigm and a flexible qualitative single case study design, data were collected from 139 purposively selected …


Impact Of Hierarchical Organizational Structures On Gen-Z Turnover Intention, Mason W. Doty Apr 2026

Impact Of Hierarchical Organizational Structures On Gen-Z Turnover Intention, Mason W. Doty

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This research project sought to address the influence hierarchical organizational structures have on Gen-Z turnover intention. Technological advancements coupled with Gen-Z entering the workforce with their unique perspectives and expectations have sparked a new phenomenon of “job-hopping.” This research focused on U.S. servicemembers and Department of War civilian employees that are employed at a military installation in Texas to evaluate turnover intention as a direct result of their hierarchical organizational structure. This research featured two survey instruments: the 6-item Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) and 25-item Expanded Multidimensional Turnover Intention Scale (EMTIS) to identify potential correlations in turnover intention across the …


The Predictive Influence Of Management Leadership Styles On Employee Retention In The Aerospace And Defense (A&D) Industry In Northern Virginia, Shawn M. Hall Apr 2026

The Predictive Influence Of Management Leadership Styles On Employee Retention In The Aerospace And Defense (A&D) Industry In Northern Virginia, Shawn M. Hall

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This fixed-design quantitative study evaluates the predictive influence of management leadership styles on employee retention within the Aerospace and Defense (A&D) industry in Northern Virginia. Addressing a critical decline in industry retention that impacts organizational productivity and profitability, the research utilizes a post-positivist paradigm to analyze data (N = 773) from participants across seven major A&D organizations. The study measures four primary constructs: Intent to Stay, Management Leadership Styles, Job Satisfaction, and Leader Support. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to isolate the predictive power of leadership style after controlling for demographic factors, including age, gender, role, and years …


The Effectiveness And Adaptability Of Servant Leadership Among Project Managers Managing Highly Complex Projects In Emerging Technology Domains, Fernand R. Baldonado Apr 2026

The Effectiveness And Adaptability Of Servant Leadership Among Project Managers Managing Highly Complex Projects In Emerging Technology Domains, Fernand R. Baldonado

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative multiple case study explored the effectiveness of servant leadership practiced by project managers while managing highly complex projects in emerging technology domains. These domains included artificial intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, and information technology (IT). Servant leadership was associated with positive team outcomes, but its application in high-uncertainty and high-risk environments, such as projects in these emerging technology domains, had remained underexplored. Data were collected from 25 mid- to senior-level project managers in public- and private-sector organizations using semi-structured interviews, document review, and field notes. Thematic analysis produced 12 themes, including guided empowerment, psychological safety as a form of risk …


Examining The Relationship Between Servant Leadership, Job Satisfaction, And Turnover Intention In The Restaurant Industry, Vincent T. Domingo Apr 2026

Examining The Relationship Between Servant Leadership, Job Satisfaction, And Turnover Intention In The Restaurant Industry, Vincent T. Domingo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The restaurant industry continues to face significant challenges regarding labor issues and high employee turnover rates. I addressed the lack of understanding of servant leadership factors and their influence on employee job satisfaction and turnover intention within the restaurant industry. Using a fixed-design quantitative correlational approach, I examined relationships between these variables among employees of full-service small business restaurants in Hawaii. The theoretical basis for this study draws on Greenleaf’s servant leadership theory and Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Data was gathered from 80 participants using the Servant Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ), the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), and the Turnover Intention Scale (TIS). …


Abusive Supervision In The Telecommunications Retail Sector: Effects On Job Satisfaction, Performance, And Employee Turnover, Zenitzia Siu Apr 2026

Abusive Supervision In The Telecommunications Retail Sector: Effects On Job Satisfaction, Performance, And Employee Turnover, Zenitzia Siu

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

I addressed the problem of abusive supervision, which adversely affects job satisfaction and employee engagement, resulting in reduced organizational performance and increased turnover intentions in telecommunications retail. Guided by social exchange theory (SET), this qualitative single-case study explored how leaders interpret their awareness of their leadership behaviors, and how these interpretations align with or misalign with employees’ perceptions. The data collection involved 21 leader interviews and 25 open-ended survey responses, analyzed using SET’s deductive coding and NVivo's inductive theme development, with methodological triangulation across both data sources. Four core themes emerged deductively: (a) reciprocity, (b) trust and commitment, (c) cost …


Analysis Of Local Economic Development In The Urban Informal Settlement Upgrading Programs, George K. Nyamu, Luke M. Obala, Owiti A. K'Akumu Apr 2026

Analysis Of Local Economic Development In The Urban Informal Settlement Upgrading Programs, George K. Nyamu, Luke M. Obala, Owiti A. K'Akumu

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

This study examines the role of local economic development (LED) within informal settlement upgrading, using Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya, as a focal case. As one of the most densely populated informal settlements in sub-Saharan Africa, Kibera has been the target of multiple upgrading initiatives intended to improve housing, infrastructure, and living standards. However, the integration of economic development goals into these interventions has often been overlooked or insufficiently conceptualized. Employing a mixed-methods research design—comprising household surveys, key informant interviews with government and NGO actors, and field-based observations—this study investigated the extent to which upgrading programs have influenced local enterprises, economic …


Solving Wordle Using Information Theory, Talal Aladaileh, Donald Stephens, Mallak Alqaisi, Congyu Wu Apr 2026

Solving Wordle Using Information Theory, Talal Aladaileh, Donald Stephens, Mallak Alqaisi, Congyu Wu

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

Wordle, a popular word-guessing game, challenges players to identify a five-letter secret word through iterative guesses and feedback on letter placement. The players must figure out the secret word within six guesses. After each guess, the letters will be color-coded based on different criteria. Optimizing the choice of guesses is critical for maximizing success within the limited attempts allowed. In this study, the application of Shannon entropy is explored as a strategy for selecting words that maximize information gain at each step of the game. By quantifying the uncertainty reduction achieved by potential guesses, this method prioritizes words that are …


A Multi-Layer Complex Adaptive System Framework For Ai-Driven Robo-Advisory Services, Jesty Mariam Philip, Mohit Boralkar, Alwin Joseph Apr 2026

A Multi-Layer Complex Adaptive System Framework For Ai-Driven Robo-Advisory Services, Jesty Mariam Philip, Mohit Boralkar, Alwin Joseph

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into investment advisory services has changed financial decision-making, giving rise to adaptive robo-advisory systems capable of real-time analysis, personal recommendations, and autonomous portfolio optimization. Existing research evaluates these systems primarily through technological performance or investor adoption, overlooking the complex feedback-driven interactions that emerge when AI analytics, data environments, and human behavior operate together. This study addresses this gap by conceptualizing AI-enabled robo-advisors as a multi-layered Complex Adaptive System comprising historical data, real-time data, AI analytics, investor perception, and decision-making layers. A simulation model grounded in machine learning dynamics, behavioral finance, and complexity theory …