Business Commons^™

Every Voice Has Its Bright And Dark Sides: Understanding Observers’ Reactions To Coworkers’ Voice Behaviors, Szu-Han Lin, Shereen Fatimah, Emily C. Poulton, Cony M. Ho, D. Lance Ferris, Russell E. Johnson

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The majority of research on voice has focused on how employee voice influences voicers and targets of voice (e.g. supervisors and organizations). We advance theory on voice by examining how third-party observers react to expressions of voice behavior by coworkers. Drawing from affective events theory (AET), we examine the potential benefits and detriments of coworker voice behaviours. Results from an experience sampling study and an experiment revealed that coworker voice was associated with an increase in third-party observers' inspiration, prompting third-party observers to engage in their own voice behaviours. Although coworker voice did not have a significant main effect on …

Director Overseas Experience And Cross-Border Acquisitions: Evidence From China, Liu Chenxi, Mengyao Kang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study investigates the impact of director overseas experience on firms’ cross-border acquisition decisions. We find that firms with directors who have overseas experience tend to engage in more cross-border acquisitions. This finding remains robust across various types of overseas experience. This correlation is unlikely to be influenced by omitted variable biases or driven by reverse causality, where firms deliberately employ directors with overseas experience before initiating cross-border acquisitions. Additionally, director overseas experience is associated with higher announcement returns and enhanced post-merger performance. Further analysis reveals that director overseas experience affects cross-border acquisition decisions primarily through the cultural inclusivity channel. …

Unexpected Defaults: The Role Of Information Opacity, Aytekin Ertan, Yun Lee, Regina Wittenberg-Moerman

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Bond defaults are undesirable yet natural outcomes of risky investments. What is also crucial but hitherto underexplored is the unexpectedness of defaults. We develop a parsimonious measure of default unexpectedness and highlight its economic importance by demonstrating that unexpected defaults are associated with unfavorable recovery outcomes and adverse price changes in peer firm bonds. We then examine how default unexpectedness relates to information opacity. We find that firms with opaque financial reporting and weak voluntary disclosure experience more unexpected defaults. Defaults also occur more unexpectedly when the external information environment is opaque—when rating agencies disagree on a firm’s credit risk …

The Spillover Effects Of Environmental Lawsuits On Industry Peers, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng, Xuefan Peng, Ziliang Zhan

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We examine the spillover effects of high-profile environmental lawsuits on industry peers. We find that compared with control firms, industry peers experience a decrease in chemical releases and an increase in pollution-related disclosures after the lawsuits. These results are more pronounced for the industry peers who have higher levels of chemical releases in the pre-lawsuit period and who are the peers of firms sued for damage to human health. Lastly, we provide confirmatory evidence that industry peers increase abatement activities after the lawsuits and experience a decline in financial performance, likely due to the increase in abatement costs.

Well-Being Of Formal Leaders: A Critical And Interdisciplinary Review Of Predictors Shaping Leader Well-Being, Burak Oc, Kraivin Paripont Chintakananda

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Holding a formal leadership role is often idealized, motivating individuals to pursue such positions for independence and success. However, recent reports highlight significant challenges faced by leaders, particularly during as well as after the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased work demands and reduced well-being. This review takes a critical stance and examines whether formal leaders bear a well-being cost. Using Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological systems framework, we categorize predictors of leader well-being, discuss dominant theoretical frameworks explaining the most frequently studied relationships, and identify theoretical gaps in the existing literature. Following this, we identify internal validity issues affecting the interpretation of existing …

Attention To Market Expansion: Aspirational Antecedent And Risk-Taking Consequence, Renfei Gao, Man Zhang, Xiaogang He, Zhengyu Li

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The behavioral theory of the firm (BTOF) emphasizes the goal-directed logic in explaining firms’ risk-taking.Scholars in this tradition typically conceptualize how performance feedback indicates problems and triggers risk-taking behaviors. Yet, the theory remains underdeveloped in understanding decision-makers’ attention to forward-looking goals, such as market expansion, and its impact on firm risk-taking. In this study, we theorize performance feedback as an antecedent to decision-makers’ attention to forward-looking goals, and firm risktaking as a consequence of such attention. Focusing on market expansion as a critical forward-looking goal, we first theorize how performance feedback influences decision-makers’ attention to market expansion. Then, we examine …

From Low Power To Action: Reappraising Powerlessness As An Opportunity Restores Agency, Tianyu He, Michael Schaerer, Trevor A. Foulk, Elizabeth B. Wolf, Winnie Y. Jiang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Agentic behaviors are a critical pathway to power in contemporary organizations. Paradoxically, employees who lack power are the least likely to think and act agentically—creating a self-perpetuating cycle of disadvantage. Existing research on facilitating employee agentic behaviors relies on structural solutions that are often out of reach for individual employees. Yet, anecdotal evidence suggests that this view may be incomplete, as some individuals seem to be able to overcome the challenges powerlessness poses without relying on external resources, control, or organizational change. Integrating research on powerlessness and cognitive reappraisal, the present research proposes that cognitively reappraising powerless situations as opportunities …

Disaster Relief, Inc.: When Is Corporate Philanthropy Good Or Bad For Shareholders?, Hao Liang, Cara Vansteenkiste

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

A long-standing question in finance is why companies donate to charity, often attributing it to either managerial agency problems or strategic behavior. Based on a global sample of donation announcements by firms providing relief to disaster-affected communities, we test the relative importance of these two motives and the conditions under which each dominates. We exploit disaster-specific factors in an event study setting around corporate donation announcement dates to show that, on average, relief donations decrease returns. However, the strategic benefits of donating around salient events can mitigate these negative effects. To account for firms’ donation decisions, we rely on exogenous …

The Regenerative Future Of Loyalty: A Guide For Green Loyalty Programs To Engage Eco-Consumers, Simon J.D. Schillebeeckx, Ryan Merrill

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Loyalty programs are challenged to attract and retain consumers who increasingly value purpose-driven engagement and environmental impact alongside traditional rewards. With growing awareness of climate issues, many customers expect brands to integrate sustainability and eco-conscious actions into their loyalty offerings.
 71% of consumers believe loyalty programs should support sustainable practices, and this expectation is particularly strong among younger demographics like Gen Z and Millennials. As companies respond by integrating eco-conscious actions — like recycling incentives, carbon offsets, and donations to green causes — these efforts foster emotional loyalty, drive repeat purchases, and ensure long-term retention. Loyalty programs that align with …

Csr As Hedging Against Institutional Transition Risk: Corporate Philanthropy After The Sunflower Movement In Taiwan, Yishu Cai, Lori Yue, Fangwen Lin, Shipeng Yan, Haibin Yang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Firms with political connections to a regime with an authoritarian history face a dilemma when the regime undergoes a democratic transition. Such connections provide an essential competitive advantage when the regime is in power but become a liability when an institutional transition brings democratic change. This study theorizes that when mass protests expose a regime’s distorted policies favoring elites over others and signal a high probability of regime turnover, firms may hedge against the risks associated with their political connections by engaging in philanthropy. We further contend that this effect is stronger for firms located in regions characterized by the …

Sell-Side Analysts’ Rating Systems, Ohad Kadan, Leonardo Madureira, Rong Wang, Tzachi Zach

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Different brokers employ a variety of stock recommendations rating systems. There are five- and three-tier systems, as well as different mappings from the economic meaning of recommendations to numerical values in popular data sets such as IBES. We show that the rating systems and their mappings have important implications on the distribution of stock recommendations, investors’ reactions to stock recommendations, the consensus and dispersion of stock recommendations, and measures of analysts’ herding and boldness. We demonstrate how one can control for the variation in rating systems in order to separate the true economic impact of recommendations from the mechanical, non-economic, …

Amazon Versus Walmart: Clash Or Strategic Complementarity, Nirmalya Kumar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Nirmalya Kumar explains why Amazon and Walmart will continue to coexist, with Amazon dominating online retail and Walmart shifting to an omnichannel strategy.

2025-03-00 Newsletter, Morehead State University. Staff Congress.

Staff Congress Records

Staff Congress newsletter from March of 2025.

Manage External And Internal Threats To Commercial Spaces, Alan Saquella

Publications

Securing commercial buildings is a multifaceted challenge that demands a comprehensive and proactive approach. From office complexes and retail hubs to industrial facilities and healthcare institutions, these spaces serve as critical pillars of commerce, administration, and service delivery. Protecting them requires a blend of physical safeguards, advanced technologies and well-defined operational protocols.

Operational Energy Education: A Thematic Analysis Of Knowledge Area Needs And Educational Gaps, Nana Hene

Theses and Dissertations

Operational Energy (OE) education is vital for national security, military readiness, and fuel energy efficiency. This thesis analyzes the current landscape of OE education and identifies key gaps in awareness, energy knowledge, and curriculum structure. Through a reflexive thematic analysis of interviews with Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), the study underscores the necessity of integrating OE concepts into both educational and professional training programs. A framework is proposed to enhance OE education across various levels in the Air Force, aiming to cultivate a more energy-conscious and strategically prepared force. The findings highlight the critical need for targeted training, curriculum enhancements, and …

Analyzing U.S. Army Recruiter Productivity Through Cohort Differentiation And Behavioral Tendency Composition, Mary M. Bates

Theses and Dissertations

This research analyzes differences among aggregate achievements of U.S. Army recruiting cohorts, determines which behavioral tendencies are indicative of performance level, and investigates aggregate behavioral composition with cohort achievement. Analyses require implementation of OLS regression, ANOVA, Tukey’s Test, Mann-Whitney U test, Holm-Bonferroni adjustment, XGBoost decision tree, logistic regression, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results show insignificant achievement differences among cohorts and weak yet prevalent abilities of select measures of behavioral tendencies to indicate recruiter performance.

Analysis Of An Army Recruiter Allocation Model (Ram), Erik J. Wittendorf

Theses and Dissertations

The United States Army Recruiting Command’s mission to recruit America’s best and brightest volunteers that can deploy, fight, and win requires an effective distribution of its recruiting force to serve as local community ambassadors. This research analyzes an Army recruiter allocation model (RAM) and assesses its underlying assumptions, objective function, and constraints. A detailed study of relative market potential and production rates for up to 1,319 Army recruiting stations and 18,789 ZIP codes enables RAM modification recommendations leveraging evolving recruiting concepts and identifies areas of future work to continue improving the Army’s understanding of the recruiting environment.

An Analysis Of Supervisor Job Satisfaction During Telework In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Corey L. Rucker

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reshaped workplace practices, accelerating the adoption of telework. This study examines the job satisfaction of supervisors in telework environments, focusing on qualitative analysis of survey responses from 41 supervisors in the Department of Defense (DoD). Through thematic analysis, the research identifies key factors influencing supervisor satisfaction. These themes include flexibility, communication challenges, resource gaps, and the unique stressors of managing remote teams. Findings reveal that while telework offers benefits such as improved work-life balance and productivity, it also presents challenges like reduced team cohesion, blurred work-home boundaries, and difficulties in performance management. Grounded in Herzberg’s Two-Factor …

Examining Consumer Adoption Of Social Commerce: An Extended Meta-Utaut Model, Prianka Sarker, Laurie Hughes, Tegwen Malik, Yogesh K. Dwivedi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Social commerce has evolved into a mainstream channel for marketers and businesses for selling products online. However, consumers in many developing economies have yet to fully adopt social commerce technology. This research, therefore, aims to develop and empirically validate a conceptual model for understanding the factors influencing consumer adoption of social commerce in Bangladesh using an adapted and extended version of the Meta-UTAUT model. Analysis was undertaken to determine the appropriateness of external constructs such as trust, social support, anxiety, grievance redressal, innovativeness, and continuous participation intention. This research collected data from 402 social commerce users from Bangladesh to test …

Something’S Gotta Give: An Analysis Of Team Derogation And Deviant Behavior Surrounding Rivalry Games, Cody T. Havard, Timothy D. Ryan, Michael Hutchinson

Findings in Sport, Hospitality, Entertainment, and Event Management

This case analysis discusses the ever-growing concern over players and participants showing derogation and negative behavior toward competitors before, during, and after rival contests. We discuss examples taken from the 2024 Rivalry Week in college football, along with underlying literature addressing out-group derogation, in-group bias, and the impacts of competition and rivalry on participant and fan behavior. A call for additional research on the phenomenon of increasingly negative behavior is provided.

تشخيص واقع مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وفاعلية الرسالة التسويقية الإلكترونية: حالة دراسية لعينة من طلاب جامعة بغداد, ماهر فاضل محمد

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

تتناول هذه الدراسة تشخيص مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي و فاعلية الرسالة التسويقية الإلكترونية، وذلك من خلال دراسة حالة لعينة من طلاب جامعة بغداد. يهدف البحث إلى تحليل دور منصات التواصل الاجتماعي في تحسين التفاعل مع الإعلانات التجارية وزيادة الوعي بالعلامة التجارية. اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث تم جمع البيانات باستخدام استبيان وزع على 200 طالب، وتم تحليلها إحصائيًا باستخدام معامل ألفا كرونباخ لاختبار الثبات، بالإضافة إلى اختبار التوزيع الطبيعي.

وتتمثل مشكلة البحث تعد الرسائل التسويقية التي تُرسل عبر منصات التواصل الاجتماعي و فاعليتها في استهداف الجمهور، خصوصًا في بيئة العراق الجامعية. ومن هنا، يطرح هذا البحث تساؤلًا رئيسيًا: ما …

Unveiling The Pathways: Exploring Influential Factors Shaping The Intentions To Engage With Chatgpt, Nurul Izzah, Anusuyah Subbarao

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

Artificial intelligence (AI), notably embodied in ChatGPT, has transformed various sectors, including education and content creation. Initially conceptualized in the 1950s, AI’s integration into education has facilitated personalized learning and dynamic evaluations. ChatGPT, an AI language model, exhibits advancements in natural language processing, aiding users in generating custom content. ChatGPT has rapidly gained popularity, reaching over 100 million monthly users. Its educational potential lies in providing tailored learning experiences and streamlining administrative tasks. However, there is a lack of research in the literature on factors influencing the use of ChatGPT among university students in Malaysia for educational purposes. Therefore, the …

The Challenges Of Autonomous Vehicles In Malaysia: From The Perspective Of Motorcycle Traffic Crashes, Jen Sim Ho, Wai Hoong Alvin Poi

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

The Level 3 autonomous vehicle (AV) is now a reality on the public roads. While the emergence of AV is to eliminate the traffic crashes due to human error by 90%, the unexpected or errant drivings on the roads would, however lead to traffic crashes as the operation of AVs are depending on the artificial intelligence, which involve constantly teaching the computer to learn. In Malaysia, motorcycle fatalities accounted for about 60% of the total traffic fatalities, of which the majority of the fatalities were due to human errors. - The presence of motorcyclists in the traffic stream then becomes …

Antecedents Of Organisational Ethical Culture Towards Social Sustainability For Companies In Malaysia, Pei Xuan Tan, Kok Wai Chew

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

The topic of sustainability development has remained crucial where Malaysian government is trying its best to strengthen sustainability commitment to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The lack of emphasis on sustainability awareness from leaders hinders the effort of sustainability commitment to be ingrained in organisational culture. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of ethical leadership and organisational ethic culture play in promoting social sustainability, with the support of the social exchange theory adopted as the theoretical framework. The target population of this research encompasses employees working in Malaysia companies. A total of 202 data respondents were analysed …

Effects Of Political Connections On Earnings Management Practices In Nigeria: Does The Board Of Directors’ Efficacy Matter?, Auwalu Musa

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of political connections and earnings management and to explore the role of the board of directors’ efficacy on the relationship between political connections and earnings management practices. A panel data set of 365 observations from 73 firms (2018 to 2022) listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) was used, and the Driscoll and Kraay standard error fixed effect was employed in testing the hypotheses. The findings indicated that politically connected boards are positively associated with accrual earnings management and negatively associated with real earnings management practices. The study also finds …

The Practices Of Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, And Job Performance Among Female Employees In Banking Industry: A Conceptual Study, Yu Xian Tan, Ai Na Seow, Chi Hau Tan, Siew Yong Lam

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

Malaysia has seen a significant increase in female employees in recent years. However, women often struggle to balance their professional responsibilities with family commitments. This paper examines the work-life balance practices among female employees, focusing on how these practices impact job satisfaction and performance. Drawing on existing literature, the conceptual framework considers factors such as flexible work arrangements and employee wellness programs as work-life balance practices with the mediating role of job satisfaction between work-life balance practices and job performance. The target respondents will be female banking industry employees in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia. Survey-based questionnaires and judgemental sampling …

The Determinant Of Islamic Bank Profitability And Stability In Malaysia, Asmah Mohd Jaapar, Nur Ain Abdul Hamid, Nurhatiah Ahmad Chukari

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

This study examines the determinants of profitability and stability of 14 Islamic banks in Malaysia using secondary data from 2018 until 2022. Hausman and Breush-Pagan's tests indicate that the fixed effect panel model is the best model to predict the relationships. The final fixed effect model for the profitability of Islamic banks shows that capital adequacy ratio (CAR), Z-score, and gross domestic product (GDP) have significant relationships with return on assets (ROA). CAR has a negative effect, while Z-score and GDP positively affect ROA. On the other hand, the final fixed effect model for the stability of Islamic banks shows …

Ai-Assisted Cultural And Creative Product Design Framework And Case Study, Daocai Han, Siow-Kian Tan, Booi-Chen Tan

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

This paper presents an AI-assisted design framework for the development of cultural and creative products, using the Ya Chou Yue, a renowned artifact from the Shandong Museum, as a prototype for designing a cultural creative doll. The framework is structured around key steps: clarifying design objectives, creating a design plan, generating AI images, and revising the design plan. The final design outcome illustrates the practical application of AI in cultural product development. This study highlights both the advantages and limitations of AI technology in the design process, offering new approaches and methodologies for the cultural and creative industries. Furthermore, it …

Factors Affecting Vietnamese Young People’S Impulsive Purchasing Intention On Live-Streaming Commerce, Thien My Ngo, Thi Mai Le

International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting

This paper examines the factors affecting Vietnamese young people’s impulsive purchasing intention in the live-streaming commerce environment. Adopting the S-O-R research model with influencing factors is the Streamer’s Attractiveness (AT), Streamer’s Trustworthiness (TR), Streamer’s Expertise (EP), Perceived Price (PP), Product Usefulness (PU), and Facility Condition (FC). The mediating variables, or the O elements, are Perceived Enjoyment (PCE) and Perceived Usefulness (PCU). Lastly, the response that buyers deliver is Impulsive Purchasing Intention (IPI). The research focused on young Vietnamese people, particularly Millennials and Generation Z, born from 1980 to 2006 (18 to 44 years old). The quantitative research used a snowball …

قياس أثر انشطة المسؤولية الاجتماعية في مستوى الأداء المالي للبنوك التجارية العراقية, عباس ناصر سعدون, ليلى ناجي مجيد الفتلاوي

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

إن تطور العالم المصرفي جعل المنافسة بين البنوك بشكل متزايد، وقد ظهرت الحاجة الى هذا البحث في الوقت الحالي لان الاعمال المصرفية اصبحت ملزمة بتنفيذ المسؤولية الاجتماعية. فالهدف من هذا البحث الذي هو التعرف على المسؤولية الاجتماعية كمفهوم، ومدى اهتمام المؤسسات بهذا المفهوم الحديث والذي أصبح متداولاً في المؤسسات ومن أجل الوصول الى هدفها المتمثل في خدمة المجتمع كعنصر أساسي, فقد صيغت القائمة المكونة من (55) نشاطاً للمسؤولية الاجتماعية ومصنفة في اربعة بنود رئيسية وهي (الأنشطة الخاصة بالموارد البشرية, الأنشطة الخاصة بالموارد البيئية, الأنشطة الخاصة بالارتقاء بالمنتجات, الأنشطة الخاصة بخدمة المجتمع), وقد تم الاعتماد على التقارير المالية للبنوك البالغ عددها …