Business Commons^™

Borrower Discouragement And Gender-Based Discrimination In The Credit Market: Firm-Level Evidence From Southeast Asian Countries, Safi Ullah Khanl, Nurshamimi Binti Abdul Samat

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Access to finance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important theme in the finance literature, as well as an important policy concern given that SMEs are considered the backbone of an economy, job creation, and economic growth. Bank discouragement be-havior, where an entrepreneur or a firm manager is discouraged from applying for bank credit out of fear of loan application rejection, constitutes an important segment of small business financing and has long-term consequences for SMEs survival, profitability, and growth. Em-pirical studies on bank discouragement behavior have mainly been conducted in developed markets, with little empirical evidence on the …

The Impact Of Internationalization On Cash Holdings: Evidence From Southeast Asia, Suparat Patarasupanit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research examines the impact of internationalization on cash holdings among multinational corporations (MNCs) in Southeast Asia (SEA), focusing on the roles of geographic dispersion, intangible assets, and managerial ownership. The study highlights how international operations influence corporate liquidity strategies in the presence of heightened information asymmetry. This study employs 1,431 firm-year observations from 2017 to 2021 and dynamic panel model to test hypotheses. The findings indicate that geographic dispersion and intangible assets increase cash holdings, affirming Pecking Order Theory. Conversely, their interaction unexpectedly reduces cash holdings, suggesting that complexities prompt more conservative liquidity management. Also, increased managerial ownership results …

อิทธิพลของคุณภาพเทคโนโลยีและการยอมรับเทคโนโลยีประกันชีวิตต่อแนวโน้มการตัดสินใจซื้อประกันชีวิตผ่านแอปพลิเคชัน, ดวงหทัย วุฒิทวีวัฒน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาปัจจัยคุณภาพเทคโนโลยีที่มีผลต่อการยอมรับเทคโนโลยีการประกันชีวิต InsurTech และศึกษาระดับการยอมรับเทคโนโลยีและแนวโน้มการตัดสินใจซื้อการประกันชีวิตผ่านแอปพลิเคชัน โดยวิเคราะห์ความสอดคล้องโมเดลของคุณภาพเทคโนโลยี และการยอมรับเทคโนโลยีการประกันชีวิต InsurTech ต่อแนวโน้มการตัดสินใจซื้อการประกันชีวิตผ่านแอปพลิเคชัน และศึกษาอิทธิพลของคุณภาพเทคโนโลยีและการยอมรับเทคโนโลยีการประกันชีวิต InsurTech ต่อแนวโน้มการตัดสินใจซื้อกรมธรรม์ประกันชีวิตผ่านแอปพลิเคชันของผู้บริโภคในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร การศึกษานี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ โดยมีกลุ่มตัวอย่างจำนวน 300 คนที่ผ่านการเลือกแบบเจาะจง ซึ่งกลุ่มตัวอย่างนี้เป็นผู้บริโภคที่เคยใช้เทคโนโลยี InsurTech ผ่านแอปพลิเคชัน และใช้การวิเคราะห์สมการโครงสร้างและการทดสอบเส้นทางอิทธิพล โดยผลการศึกษาพบว่า ปัจจัยคุณภาพเทคโนโลยีในภาพรวมมีผลต่อการยอมรับเทคโนโลยีการประกันชีวิต InsurTech ในระดับมาก ( x̄ = 4.16) ปัจจัยการยอมรับเทคโนโลยี InsurTech ในภาพรวมในระดับมาก ( x̄ = 4.25) และแนวโน้มการตัดสินใจซื้อกรมธรรม์ประกันชีวิตผ่านแอปพลิเคชันในภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก ( x̄ = 4.26) โมเดลคุณภาพเทคโนโลยี และการยอมรับเทคโนโลยีการประกันชีวิต InsurTech ต่อแนวโน้มในการตัดสินใจซื้อกรมธรรม์ประกันชีวิตผ่านแอปพลิเคชันของผู้บริโภคในเขตกรุงเทพมหานครมีความสอดคล้องกับข้อมูลเชิงประจักษ์ และคุณภาพเทคโนโลยีและการยอมรับเทคโนโลยีการประกันชีวิต InsurTech มีอิทธิพลทางตรงต่อแนวโน้มในการตัดสินใจซื้อการประกันชีวิตผ่านแอปพลิเคชันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05

Common Ownership And Analyst Forecasts, Qiang Cheng, Shuqing Luo, Jinping Zhang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

We examine the effect of the common ownership relation between brokerage houses and the firms covered by their analysts (referred to as co-owned brokerage houses, co-owned firms, and connected analysts, respectively) on analyst forecast performance. Common ownership can help the connected analysts have better access to co-owned firms, leading to higher-quality analyst research. However, common owners have incentives for higher valuation of the co-owned firms and thus can exert pressure on the connected analysts to issue optimistically biased research reports for these firms. We find that common ownership improves analyst forecast accuracy. This result is robust to a difference-in-differences design …

Pediatric Dentists’ Considerations Concerning Obesity-Related Education For Parents Of Young Children: Who Should Educate About What, How And When?, Arianne Swanson Dds, Ms, James R. Boynton Dds, Ms, Larry B. Salzmann Dds, Yu-Ju Yang Dds, Marita R. Inglehart Dipl. Psych., Dr. Phil., Dr. Phil. Habil

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This study aimed to explore pediatric dentists' perspectives on obesity-related interventions for parents of young children. A web-based survey was administered to 210 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry members. Findings revealed that respondents considered it important for various healthcare professionals, especially pediatricians and nurse practitioners, to engage in obesity-related parent education. Strong consensus existed on educating parents about the link between early childhood caries and diet, soft drink and fruit juice consumption, and healthy snacking. The study also found positive attitudes correlated with increased engagement in objective weight determination, data collection, and diet/nutrition counseling.

Ada Report: Ada Board Discusses Membership, Looks Ahead To 2024, Michele Tulak-Gorecki Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The ADA Board of Trustees' annual retreat prioritized board development, emphasizing individual strengths and effective communication. Key topics included the Tripartite Membership Model Pilot, a dental school collaboration strategy, and sponsorship for the National Academies of Medicine Oral Health Project. Updates from ADA leaders highlighted initiatives like the Lessons in a Lunchbox program, ADA app improvements, legislative support for young dentists, and workforce solutions. The report concludes with a call to share the ADA story and promote collaboration.

Silver Diamine Fluoride As A Caries Management Option For The Young Child, Giovana Anovazzi Medeiros Dds, Msc, Phd, Chia-En Tsai Dds, Ms, Nita Singh Dds, James R. Boynton Dds, Ms

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Dental caries is among the most-common childhood diseases around the world, and neglected caries can result in pain, infection, and can have a negative cascading impact on a child’s overall well-being. Definitive care of these lesions involves restorative procedures and/or extractions, but these treatment options require some level of child cooperation, which can sometimes be a challenge with very young children.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a non-invasive treatment intended to arrest the caries process. SDF is a liquid solution that contains a high concentration of silver and fluoride ions and has been used as an alternative agent for treating …

Staying Focused On A Moving Target: Coping With Change, North Shetter Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Amid rapid changes in dentistry, this commentary addresses strategies to manage stress and maintain professional balance. Drawing parallels to Moore's Law in technology, the author emphasizes the need for a balanced life, integrating work, play, love, and worship. The concept, rooted in the Pankey Philosophy, aligns with principles from Stephen Covey's Seven Habits. Core skills, including patient relationships, foundational dental practices, periodontal health, occlusion, and perpetual learning, are deemed essential. The article underscores the importance of personal dental health and advocates for study clubs to share, learn, and mentor, fostering a positive professional environment amid evolving technologies and information overload.

Setting The Foundation For A Lifetime Of Oral Health, Samuel Blanchard Dds, Ms

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

In this Children’s Dental Health Month article, the Michigan Academy of Pediatric Dentistry emphasizes the crucial role of relationships and trust in pediatric dentistry. Highlighting the significance of collaborative efforts between dental societies, the commentary discusses the impact of professional connections on patient care. The author shares personal insights on transitioning in their career, underscoring the value of cultivated relationships. The age-1 dental visit is highlighted as a powerful preventive measure to establish rapport and empower parents with oral health knowledge. The article emphasizes the enduring benefits of building connections in promoting lifelong oral health.

Dentistry And The Law: Know The Facts About Noncompete And Liquidated Damages Agreements, Dan Schulte Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Navigating dental employment agreements involves understanding the enforceability of non-compete and liquidated damages provisions. While these aim to protect the employer's business, courts may scrutinize their reasonability. In Michigan, noncompete terms of two years or less are generally deemed reasonable, and the restricted area must align with the patient base. A $15,000 liquidated damages amount per patient might face challenges, as it should relate reasonably to actual damages. Courts may also consider equitable factors and the employer's adherence to the agreement. Both employers and employees benefit from reasonable restrictions, avoiding potential legal disputes.

Risk Perception, Cooperation, And Emotional Distress During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Exploring Adaptive Risk Perception, Haiping Liao, Rebecca L. Monk, James Gaskin, Jin-Liang Wang

Faculty Publications

During the COVID-19 pandemic, while risk perception may promote public cooperation with pandemic prevention, it may also increase emotional distress and thus endanger mental health. This study aimed to examine whether there is an adaptive risk perception pattern that fits both needs of pandemic control and mental health protection. Two waves of Chinese participants (N sample 1 = 1633, N sample 2 = 1899) completed the Scale of Pandemic Risk Perception, the Scale of Public Cooperation with Pandemic Prevention, the Epidemic Worry Scale, and the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule during Feb 3rd to 5th, and during Feb 18th to …

A Marketing Analysis Of Mid-American Conference Universities, Charles Donald Borus

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

Across the country, millions of high school seniors make the decision on where to attend college, basing these decisions on a variety of factors. For a high school student living in the Midwestern United States, they are starved for choice. Larger universities in this region come with an established reputation of academic prowess. Smaller institutions such as those that are a part of the Mid-American Conference (MAC) offer all the same experiences-just with a smaller student population. With competition from larger universities in the area, how can universities in the MAC attract and retain students? How can this information be …

The Intellectual Structure Of Audit Committee Research: A Bibliometric Analysis (1969 – 2020), Joel Behrend, Marc Eulerich, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

The audit committee is a widely recognized mechanism of effective corporate governance. We advance prior literature reviews by using bibliometric analysis techniques that comprehensively process large bodies of bibliometric information. We base inferences on citation patterns of 1,173 articles to identify concepts that “shine through” within the scientific understanding of audit committees. Using content analysis, we then analyze these concepts and explore existing interrelationships. We document a declining influence of audit committee research, as well as a widening gap between the quantitative and qualitative research camps. While the former is mostly derivative in nature, the latter produces innovative insights on …

Energy Efficiency In Additive Manufacturing: Condensed Review, Ismail Fidan, Vivekanand Naikwadi, Suhas Alkunte, Roshan Mishra, Khalid Tantawi

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Today, it is significant that the use of additive manufacturing (AM) has growing in almost every aspect of the daily life. A high number of sectors are adapting and implementing this revolutionary production technology in their domain to increase production volumes, reduce the cost of production, fabricate light weight and complex parts in a short period of time, and respond to the manufacturing needs of customers. It is clear that the AM technologies consume energy to complete the production tasks of each part. Therefore, it is imperative to know the impact of energy efficiency in order to economically and properly …

The Effects Of Strategic Alignment And Strategic Clarity On Multidimensional Task Performance, Steven D. Smith, Tyler F. Thomas

Faculty Publications

The alignment of a firm’s performance measures with its strategic objectives is fundamental to effective management control, at least in part because performance measures and stated strategy represent separate sources of information that workers can rely on to guide their efforts. We experimentally examine the effects of strategic alignment and strategic clarity (i.e., the specificity with which strategic objectives are communicated) on workers’ performance on a multidimensional task. We predict and find that alignment improves performance under a vague strategy statement but impairs performance under a clear strategy statement. These results are consistent with strategic clarity and performance measure alignment …

Hidden Wealth And Automatic Information Sharing, Andrew Belnap, Jacob Thornock, Braden Williams

Faculty Publications

In recent years, governments across the globe have implemented automatic information-sharing measures as a revolutionary tool to combat offshore tax evasion. Using hand-collected and private Internal Revenue Service data on participation in the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, we provide some of the first evidence of the costs and quality of information shared via automatic information sharing. We estimate that the aggregate costs borne by foreign financial institutions (FFIs) were $31–$52 billion. Furthermore, although 97 percent of FFIs have committed to sharing information with US tax authorities, there is significant variation in quality. Quality is lower for accounts held by …

An Examination Of The Stability Of The Remembering Self When Measuring Social Connection Derived From A Shared Leisure Experience, Camilla Hodge, Karen K. Melton, Mat D. Duerden, Mark A. Widmer, Aubrey Rushton, Alexis Kelley

Faculty Publications

Social connection has been identified as a public health priority, and is often positioned, in various forms, as an outcome of leisure experiences. In cases of assessing the hedonic quality of experiences, research has identified a relative permanence and stability in the remembering self; however, whether the same is true when measuring social connection is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether recall of social connection after a structured, shared leisure experience changed over time. We compared assessments of social connection among a sample of 68 adults immediately following four structured, shared leisure experiences and again four weeks later. …

Costs And Benefits Of A Risk-Based Pcaob Inspection Regime, Brant E. Christensen, Nathan J. Newton, Michael S. Wilkins

Faculty Publications

We investigate the costs and benefits of the PCAOB’s risk-based inspection regime by studying how auditors respond to engagement-level inspection risk. Using an established inspection selection model, we find evidence that auditors behave consistent with accountability theory when auditing clients with elevated ex-ante inspection risk. Specifically, we observe an increased propensity to report material weaknesses, a decreased propensity to assert that previous material weaknesses have been remediated, increased audit effort, and a decreased likelihood of subsequent financial statement restatement. In general, these outcomes reflect auditors’ attempts to minimize negative inspection outcomes in a way that could be beneficial to investors. …

Leadership In Startups: How Founder Personality And Leadership Behaviors Impact Startup Success And Psychological Safety, Ria Passi, Ronald Riggio

CMC Senior Theses

New ventures created by entrepreneurs are crucial to the economy and to the diffusion of innovative technologies. However, startups often operate in highly uncertain environments characterized by constrained resources, lack of established processes, and complex market dynamics. Despite surges in startup investment, the failure rate for new ventures remains high, making it crucial to understand the factors that can contribute to their success. This thesis explores how founder personalities, leadership styles, and cultivating psychological safety impact startup performance and growth trajectories. Founder personality traits like openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are positively associated with securing funding, achieving exit opportunities, and overall …

Did Asu 2020-06 Impact Firm Corporate Financing Decisions?, Eric Sanchez

CMC Senior Theses

This research examines the influence of financial accounting standards for hybrid securities on corporate financing decisions. It uses ASU-2020-06 as a setting to test changes to the influence of moral hazard, adverse selection, and financial distress contracting costs on the likelihood of convertible bond issuances under the prior and latter accounting regimes for securities convertible into an entity's own equity.

Nfl Positional Value In Terms Of Salary Cap Spending: Why Are Running Backs Undervalued?, Charlton Jackson

CMC Senior Theses

Running Backs over the past two decades have seen a contract value devaluation relative to other positions and the league's salary cap spending limit. The growth of running back salaries has stagnated in the past decade, and they currently fail to keep pace with the contracts for other positions. Through our empirical research, we were able to either reject or better explain existing reasoning for recent running back devaluation, such as the increase in passing volume, durability concerns, and running backs by committee. We found that the most significant change in the past 30 years of the NFL, since the …

Mechanism Design For Optimizing On-Chain Sell Order In Market Without Market Maker, Nico Pei

CMC Senior Theses

The absence of market makers alters the microstructure of the market. It’s difficult to get exposed to time-weighted prices in markets without market makers. In this paper, we delve into three mechanism designs – discrete gradual dutch auction, continuous gradual dutch auction, and variable rate gradual dutch auction – to study how to execute time-weighted sell orders on blockchain in a market without market makers. To make it simpler for readers to understand, we imagine an example of helping a close friend of Picasso to sell his 100 Picasso paintings in the next 10 years since 1970, with the private …

Objectification And Meaning Transference: Does Showing More Skin Mean Less Perceived Agency For Brands?, Zachariah Schlichting

CMC Senior Theses

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of sexual imagery in advertisements on consumers’ perceptions of brand competence and agency. The effect of a brand’s expected agency was also manipulated between two groups, high expected agency (e.g., tech companies) vs low expected agency (e.g., alcohol companies). 167 participants (M=22.48, 54% women) were recruited through Sona Systems and social media to partake in an online survey conducted through Qualtrics. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups and shown seven fictional advertisements; four target advertisements and three deception advertisements. They were then asked to rate their …

Owning Green: Evaluating The Effects Of Actively Managed Sustainability Fund Ownership On Esg Scores, Caleb Young

CMC Senior Theses

The growing trend of acknowledging ESG performance as a material concern when conducting due diligence on investment opportunities has exacerbated the number of assets being managed by investors with sustainability-oriented goals. At the same time, as social and climate-related issues have become more intense, investors want to use their agency as shareholders to influence companies to act in ways that align with their values. Frequently, this can be most effectively achieved through proxy voting and corporate engagement, particularly if the fund is an active manager. This thesis explores the interaction between ESG-focused ETFs and mutual funds and their management style …

Revolutionizing Lithium Extraction: Analysis Of Factors Affecting Commercialization Timelines With Insights From The Shale Gas Boom, Bilge Tayyar

CMC Senior Theses

This study draws parallels between Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) and hydraulic fracturing to highlight the transformative potential of DLE technology in the lithium industry. The comparative analysis supports the hypothesis that DLE might expedite commercialization timelines, similar to the effect hydraulic fracturing has had on traditional shale gas extraction. The study includes a regression analysis to determine the factors affecting the commercialization of conventional lithium brine extraction methods, thereby better understanding the potential changes DLE will create. The regression model, based on data from 11 projects, examines the impact of variables such as temperature range, tax rates, royalty rates, regulatory …

The Effects Of Ai On Recruiting In The Accounting Field, Reina Tain

CMC Senior Theses

This work investigated the impact of AI in accounting firms, particularly on the hiring scene. As AI use increases in the accounting industry, it would have a significant impact on what types of accountants firms are starting to hire, which this paper examines. This work incorporates research found through various accounting and business-related articles that discusses the impact of AI on recruiting in accounting firms. This paper found that candidates with high knowledge of technology with excellent communication and critical thinking skills are more likely to be hired by firms. The results indicate that recruiters prefer accountants that are curious …

The Impact Of International Baseball Players On Mlb Organizations: An Analysis Of Performance, Attendance, Revenue, And Valuation, 2012-2022, Aidan Booth

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis investigates the impact of international baseball players on MLB organizations. The paper uses the Sean Lahman Database focusing on team-wide statistics including performance metrics, winning percentage, and attendance. Using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression model, the paper examines the effect of share of foreign-born players on team success, attendance, revenue, and valuation. The dataset controls for a number of variables throughout these regressions including payroll, population, stadium capacity, number of all stars on each team, and the number of competing professional sports teams in the metropolitan area in order to isolate the effect of foreign-born players on …

Unions’ Impact On Firms’ Financial Decision Making: A Look At Right-To-Work Laws And Their Impact On Firms’ Leverage Decisions, Rachana Muvvala

CMC Senior Theses

I study the impact of unions on firms’ financial decision making by exploring their capital structure, specifically leverage. I test two opposing hypotheses to understand the relationship between unions and firms’ leverage: (1) the bargaining hypothesis which suggests that firms use higher leverage as a bargaining device with unions, and (2) the crowding-out hypothesis which suggests that firms have lower leverage because unions crowd out their debt capacity due to their perceived riskiness. Focusing on the 2007 to 2022 period, I examine right-to-work (RTW) laws, since they are exogenous shocks that decrease union power in five different states. Then, I …

Market Reaction Test On Banks & Brokers Based On Bitcoin Price History. A Look At National Commercial Banks And Security Broker, Exchanges, And Service Stocks Following The Most Volatile Swings In Bitcoin’S Price., Payton Earl

CMC Senior Theses

This paper examines if there is an inverse correlation between Bitcoin’s most volatile price swings and national commercial banks and security brokers, exchanges and service companies performance. Company performance in the dataset is measured by Cumulative Abnormal Returns during 2021 within a two-day period where Bitcoin has had the most significant uptick and downtick events. Using a market-adjusted model for my regression, it is concluded that Bitcoin’s largest uptick event did indeed have an inversely negative effect on traditional banks and trading securities companies, as the Cumulative Abnormal Returns were negative for my 107 observations and the event was statistically …

Driven By Change: The Impact Of Macroeconomic Shifts And Covid-19 On New Vehicle Sales, Jackson Aldrich

CMC Senior Theses

This paper examines the impact of macroeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic on new vehicle sales. In order to address these two topics, a two-pronged approach was used with separate regression models. The macroeconomic variables include monthly supply of new homes, CPI for urban public transportation, unemployment rate, disposable personal income, inflation expectation, consumer sentiment, average gas prices, and total vehicle miles traveled which were regressed on total vehicle sales from 1978-2022. The regression results confirmed and supported current literature and highlighted the importance of the housing market and unemployment rate on new vehicle sales. The COVID-19 pandemic model variables …