Business Commons^™

Interpersonal Counterproductive Work Behaviors: Distinguishing Between Person-Focused Versus Task-Focused Behaviors And Their Antecedents, Violet Ho

Management Faculty Publications

Purpose – This study proposes a nuanced perspective for conceptualizing interpersonal counterproductive work behaviors (ICWBs) by distinguishing them into behaviors that hinder other workers’ task performance (task-focused ICWBs), and those that are personal in nature (person-focused ICWBs). A relational stress perspective is adopted to examine work-based dependence relational stressor and negative-affect relational stressor as predictors of each category of behavior, with trait competitiveness as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach – Deductive and inductive approaches were used to generate items measuring each type of ICWBs, and the two-factor ICWB structure was validated using data from 136 respondents. Data from a different sample of …

Differential Impact Of Directors’ Social And Financial Capital On Corporate Interlock Formation, Nicholas Harrigan, Matthew Bond

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) are increasingly applied to observed network data and are central to understanding social structure and network processes. The chapters in this edited volume provide a self-contained, exhaustive account of the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of ERGMs, including models for univariate, multivariate, bipartite, longitudinal and social-influence type ERGMs. Each method is applied in individual case studies illustrating how social science theories may be examined empirically using ERGMs. The authors supply the reader with sufficient detail to specify ERGMs, fit them to data with any of the available software packages and interpret the results.

Designing Selection Systems For Medicine: The Importance Of Balancing Predictive And Political Validity In High-Stakes Selection Contexts, Fiona Patterson, Filip Lievens, Máire Kerrin, Lara Zibarras, Bernd Carette

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Selection into medical education and training is a high-stakes process. A key unanswered issue is the effectiveness of measuring noncognitive predictors via both low-fidelity and high-fidelity selection approaches in this high-stakes context. We review studies investigating the effectiveness of multiple selection instruments in terms of predictive validity, incremental validity, and applicant reactions in both entry-level and advanced-level medical selection. Our results show that the situational judgment test (SJT) is the best single predictor of performance, operationalized in multiple ways. In addition, the low-fidelity SJT has incremental predictive power over cognitively oriented tests, and high-fidelity assessment center (AC) exercises add incremental …

Cyberloafing At The Workplace: Gain Or Drain On Work?, Vivien K. G. Lim, Don Jiaqing Chen

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study examined the impact of cyberloafing on employees' emotion and work. We also examined gender differences in employees' perception towards cyberloafing. In general, respondents felt that some form of cyberloafing at work was acceptable. Men were also more likely to report that cyberloafing has a positive impact on work compared to women. As well, our findings suggest that browsing activities have a positive impact on employees' emotion while emailing activities have a negative impact. Results of our study provide useful insights for researchers and managers in understanding employees' attitudes towards cyberloafing, and how cyberloafing can result in gain or …

Validity Evidence For The Situational Judgment Test Paradigm In Emotional Intelligence Measurement, Nele Libbrecht, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

To date, various measurement approaches have been proposed to assess emotional intelligence (EI). Recently, two new EI tests have been developed based on the situational judgment test (SJT) paradigm: the Situational Test of Emotional Understanding (STEU) and the Situational Test of Emotion Management (STEM). Initial attempts have been made to examine the construct-related validity of these new tests; we extend these findings by placing the tests in a broad nomological network. To this end, 850 undergraduate students completed a personality inventory, a cognitive ability test, a self-report EI test, a performance-based EI measure, the STEU, and the STEM. The SJT-based …

Change Required: Chinese Businesses In Singapore, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

Today, Chinese businesses play an important role in Singapore’s economy. They make up 99.3 per cent of all small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and employ 51 per cent of workers in the country, contributing 40 per cent of value add to the economy. However, the world economy has become more competitive and Chinese businesses in Singapore have been forced to look at modernizing and changing the way they do business.

Legal Considerations: Student Activities, Organizations & Greek Life, John Sanders

Parameters of Law in Student Affairs and Higher Education (CNS 670)

No abstract provided.

Toward A Theory Of Extended Contact: The Incentives And Opportunities For Bridging Across Network Communities, Maxim Sytch, Adam Tatarynowicz, Ranjay Gulati

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study investigates the determinants of bridging ties within networks of interconnected firms. Bridging ties are defined as nonredundant connections between firms located in different network communities. We highlight how firms can enter into these relationships because of the incentives and opportunities for action that are embedded in the existing network structure. Specifically, we propose that the dynamics of proximate network structures, which reflect firms' and their partners' direct connections, affect the formation of bridging ties by shaping the value-creation and value-distribution incentives for bridging. We also argue that the evolving global network structure affects firms' propensity to form bridging …

The Power Of One: Effects Of Ceo Duality On Compensation Committee Quality And Ceo Compensation, Cindy K. Harris, Carol C. Cirka, Eric Farris

Business and Economics Faculty Publications

This paper contributes to the corporate governance literature by focusing on how Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) duality and compensation committee quality are related to CEO compensation in the period since passage of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (“SOX”). Unlike research prior to SOX that focused chiefly on committee members’ independence, we measure compensation committee quality in two ways. We consider the average number of board directorships held by compensation committee members as well as the proportion of committee members with prior or current CEO duality experience. We introduce the latter variable as a new measure of quality as it has not …

Associations, Movements, Dialogues, Social Problems And News: Voluntary Action And The Life Cycles Of The Third Sector, Roger A. Lohmann

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This is one of two summation papers presented at the conclusion of the 2012 Queensland University conference on the third sector, looking to the future. The focus initially is on the concept of the social imaginary as offered by the Canadian social philosopher, Charles Taylor. Much of the previous conceptual and theoretical work in third sector studies during the past few decades has been focused on questions of the best ways to imagine the community and national social configurations of increasingly large numbers of nonprofit, voluntary and nongovernmental organizations. The concepts of nonprofit organization and nonprofit sector have been most …

Empresas Recuperadas, Elana Gold

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Starting during the neoliberal economic policies of the 90’s and continuing through the crisis of 2001, over 200 abandoned or bankrupt factories have been recuperated by their workers to maintain their jobs and argentine industry. These factories, called empresas recuperadas, have an important role in providing economic alternatives to the typical exploitation of capitalism as nearly all are maintained as cooperatives where members share in the decision-making process and profits. Although they have their roots in the militant union history of Argentina, in many ways they have differentiated themselves from the typical worker struggle.

These factories have an interesting relationship …

“The Customer Is Always Right” Customer Service And Managerial Structures In Relation To Company Size On Main Road Rondebosch, Cape Town, Carlos Gausman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Customer service culture in Rondebosch, Cape Town will be studied in this paper. The relationship between customer service and management structures through operational models is explored. Customer Intimacy is the operational model used by the three cases studied – Pick n Pay, Lyra’s Café, and Zone Fitness. Business size and entrepreneurial influence play a role in the vested interest mangers and employees have concerning their work ethic (productivity, motivation, and efficiency) and company profit/personal income. Information was gathered through participant observation and interviews of branch managers, employees, and customers. Customer loyalty plays a larger role in maximizing profit than becoming …

Shareholder Activism And Its Impact On Corporate Behavior; With Special Reference To Australian Ethical's Climate Advocacy Fund, Elias Springer

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Given that the single driving force behind our current myopic markets is their pursuit of maximal profits, there is a dire need for increased shareholder activism to hold these corporations accountable for the social and environmental repercussions of their single-bottom line modus operandi. This study analyzes the effectiveness of shareholder activism as a tool for changing corporate behavior, and makes a more in-depth assessment of the extent to which Australian Ethical’s Climate Advocacy Fund impacts corporate behavior.

The data collected and analyzed from five interviews was used to supplement the data collected through literature review. Two interviews were conducted on …

Teaching A Man To Fish: Ngdos, Development Interventionism, And The Theory And Practice Of The Capacity Building Approach., Sa’Eed Husaini

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The international development world has witnessed a marked increase in the presence and participation of transnational non-governmental development organizations (NGDOs) over the last two decades. This has in turn inspired much deliberation concerning what the appropriate roles and approaches for NGDOs in the development and poverty alleviation effort are. A large part of this discussion has been characterized by sustained criticism regarding NGDOs failure to engage with political processes in the developing world and the inability of most popular approaches to inspire empowerment for the marginalized and rely on their own agency towards achieving the improvement of their societies. Considering …

Income Inequality, The Changing Nature Of Work And The Student Loan Crisis: Implications For Higher Education, Aaron W. Hughey

Counseling & Student Affairs Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Nonprofit Administrators' Perceptions Of Time Use And Effective Time Management Strategies That Impact Organizational Success, Deborah Johnson-Blake

Faculty Dissertations

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore leaders’ perceptions of time use and the use of effective time management strategies. The study included five research questions and responses from 20 nonprofit administrators working within 33 technical college foundations across the state of Georgia. Respondents participated in follow-up interviews after completing the online Time Management Practices Inventory (TMPI) survey. The findings of the study revealed statistically significant relationships between TMPI scores and selected demographics. Findings revealed that leaders’ perception of time use, demographic characteristics, attitudes, and time management strategies were factors in implementing effective time management techniques to …

Testing An Empathy Model Of Guest-Directed Citizenship And Counterproductive Behaviours In The Hospitality Industry: Findings From Three Hotels, Violet Ho, Naina Gupta

Management Faculty Publications

This research proposes and tests an empathy model of guest-directed discretionary behaviors (i.e., citizenship and counterproductive behaviors) using two studies conducted in three hotels. Building on the two-stage model of empathic mediation, we examined the mediating role of empathic concern in the relationship between perspective taking and both forms of discretionary behaviors in Study 1. Support for this mediated model was found in relation to citizenship behaviors but not for counterproductive behaviors. Study 2 was conducted to extend these findings using peer-reports of discretionary behaviors, and to apply an interactional psychology perspective to predict guest-directed counterproductive behaviors. We drew upon …

The Effects Of Coaching On Situational Judgment Tests In High-Stakes Selection, Filip Lievens, Tine Buyse, Paul R. Sackett, Brian S. Connelly

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Although the evidence for the use of situational judgment tests (SJTs) in high-stakes testing has been generally promising, questions have been raised regarding the potential coachability of SJTs. This study reports the first examination of the effects of coaching on SJT scores in an operational high-stakes setting. We contrast findings from a simple comparison of SJT scores for coached and uncoached participants (posttest only) with three different approaches to deal with the effects of self-selection into coaching programs, namely using a pretest as a covariate and using two different forms of propensity score-based matching using a wide range of variables …

Lost Sleep And Cyberloafing: Evidence From The Laboratory And A Daylight Saving Time Quasi-Experiment, David T. Wagner, Christopher M. Barnes, Vivien K. G. Lim, D. Lance Ferris

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The Internet is a powerful tool that has changed the way people work. However, the ubiquity of the Internet has led to a new workplace threat to productivity—cyberloafing. Building on the ego depletion model of self-regulation, we examine how lost and low-quality sleep influence employee cyberloafing behaviors and how individual differences in conscientiousness moderate these effects. We also demonstrate that the shift to Daylight Saving Time (DST) results in a dramatic increase in cyberloafing behavior at the national level. We first tested the DST–cyberloafing relation through a national quasi-experiment, then directly tested the relation between sleep and cyberloafing in a …

Responding To Personality Tests In A Selection Context: The Role Of The Ability To Identify Criteria And The Ideal-Employee Factor, Ute-Christine Kelhe, Martin Kleinmann, Thomas Hartstein, Klaus G. Melchers, Cornelius J. Konig, Peter A. Heslin, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Personality assessments are often distorted during personnel selection, resulting in a common "ideal-employee factor" (IEF) underlying ratings of theoretically unrelated constructs. However, this seems not to affect the personality measures' criterion-related validity. The current study attempts to explain this set of findings by combining the literature on response distortion with the ones on cognitive schemata and on candidates' ability to identify criteria (ATIC). During a simulated selection process, 149 participants filled out Big Five personality measures and participated in several high- and low-fidelity work simulations to estimate their managerial performance. Structural equation modeling showed that the IEF presents an indicator …

A Critical Review Of Research And Publication Trends In The Field Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology, Filip Lievens, Frederik Anseel

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The aim of this article consists of critically reviewing research and publication trends in the field of industrial and organizational psychology. The focus is on four trends: (1) the extreme importance of theory, (2) the loss of the identity of industrial and organizational psychology, (3) the cumbersome nature of the review process, and (4) the deficient reporting of methodology and results in light of replication research. After each trend recommendations are made to turn the situation around. We also hope that this article might generate the necessary discussion about these four trends.

Can Middle Managers Make A Telling Contribution To Strategy Development In An Organisation, Tony Kealy

Other resources

The role of the middle manager in organisations has been the topic of much research over the past number of decades. Many articles have been published claiming the potential for middle managers to contribute significantly to strategic development. This research attempts to test the validity of this theory with a practical grounding. This research is based on a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with four managers in different organisations. The project relies on established typologies for middle management involvement in strategy and middle management activity depending on organisational type.

Competition And Price Wars In The U.S. Brewing Industry, Jayendra Gokhale, Victor J. Tremblay

Accounting, Economics, Finance, and Information Sciences - Daytona Beach

The behavior of the macro or mass-production segment of the U.S. brewing industry appears to be paradoxical. Since the end of Prohibition in 1934, the number of independent brewer has continuously declined while the major national brewers, such as Anheuser-Busch, Miller, and Coors, have gained market share. In spite of this decline in the number of competitors, profits and market power have remained low in brewing. Iwasaki et al. (2008) explain this result by providing evidence that changes in marketing and production technologies favored larger brewers and forced the industry into a war of attrition, in which only a handful …

Bridging The Gap: An Exploratory Study Of Corporate Social Responsibility Among Smes In Singapore, Mui Hean Lee, Angela Ka Mak, A. Pang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) among small-medium enterprises (SME) is an overlookedarea, despite the latter’s emerging prominence as an economic player. To provide a comprehensiveanalysis of the CSR landscape among Singapore SMEs, a triangulation of 15 in-depth interviews anda self-administered Web survey was conducted among 113 senior executives from top 500 SingaporeSMEs (27.2% response). Key findings include (a) moderate awareness but low comprehension ofCSR; (b) engagement relevance to immediate stakeholders; (c) individual values, stakeholderrelationships, and governmental influences as main drivers; and (d) lack of various resources askey barriers. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Strength In Adversity: The Influence Of Psychological Capital On Job Search, Don J. Q. Chen, Vivien K. G. Lim

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study examined the influence of psychological capital on job search among displaced employees. On the basis of a sample of 179 retrenched professionals, managers, executives, and technicians, we found that psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience) was positively related with displaced employees' level of perceived employability, a coping resource. Perceived employability was positively related with problem-focused and symptom-focused coping strategies. Whereas problem-focused coping was positively related with preparatory and active job search, symptom-focused coping strategy was not. The relationship between psychological capital and preparatory and active job search was mediated by perceived employability and problem-focused coping. Implications of …

The Leadership Of Sustainable Cities: A Multiple-Case Study Of Two Oregon Cities, Kenneth L. Weaver

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Scholarship

In order for cities to become more sustainable it is necessary for the leaders of the efforts to change the organizations and governments so that they understand and embrace what it means to be more sustainable. This study examined the change processes of two Oregon Cities, Corvallis and Eugene, that had made the choice to become more sustainable as a community. The approaches that the participant leaders used demonstrated the use of different ways of thinking about the leadership of change. The ways of thinking of the community leaders were formed by their unique personal backgrounds, knowledge, skills, and abilities. …

Internationalisation By Idiosyncrasy: Resource Commitments And Competencies For Professional Service Firm Internationalisation, Deirdre Mcquillan, Pamela Sharkey Scott, Vincent Mangematin

Conference papers

Using a behavioral process approach within the field of international business theory, this study adopts a resource based lens to examine an area exhibiting exceptional growth, the internationalisation of professional service firms (PSFs). An in-depth qualitative study of the internationalisation process of five architectural firms expanding to multiple international markets was conducted. The paper’s main contribution is the identification of the interplay between the learning process and resource commitments for internationalisation. We reveal how these PSFs can be classified along a continuum whereby they adopt either a project learning or a market learning approach which drives the development and acquisition …

Collaborating Across Cultures: Cultural Metacognition And Affect-Based Trust In Creative Collaboration, Roy Y. J. Chua, Michael W. Morris, Shira Mor

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We propose that managers adept at thinking about their cultural assumptions (cultural metacognition) are more likely than others to develop affect-based trust in their relationships with people from different cultures, enabling creative collaboration. Study 1, a multi-rater assessment of managerial performance, found that managers higher in metacognitive cultural intelligence (CQ) were rated as more effective in intercultural creative collaboration by managers from other cultures. Study 2, a social network survey, found that managers lower in metacognitive CQ engaged in less sharing of new ideas in their intercultural ties but not intracultural ties. Study 3 required participants to work collaboratively with …

Making Sense Of Irish Health Care Management: The Street Level Public Organisation (Slpo)., Vivienne Byers

Conference papers

Public service reform in modern economies has placed an emphasis on effective planning and management of service delivery to the citizen-client. This paper draws on the concept of the Street Level Public Organization (SLPO) to examine the problem of government’s top down implementation of planning reform in the delivery of public services. It does so, by exploring the implementation of strategic planning in the health sector and drawing upon field work from such implementation in the health services in Ireland and Canada. The SLPO model (McKevitt 1998) is used as an explanatory tool to add to the public sector reform …

Drastic Education Reforms Would Devalue Mission And Learning Process, Aaron W. Hughey

Counseling & Student Affairs Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.