Business Commons^™

Collegiate Basketball Season-Ticket Holders’ Purchasing Motivation And Interests, Steve Shih-Chia Chen, Jennifer Mark

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

This study examined the ticket purchasing motivation and interests of 334 season-ticket holders (199 males, 135 females) from two NCAA Division-I regional state institutions. The participants’ purchasing motivation and interests were surveyed onsite in the 2008-9 season by utilizing a12-item self-created instrument with a high level of internal reliability. The results indicated that the participants’ ticket purchasing motivation was mainly influenced by the competition and psycho-social related factor (CPR) and price and promotion (P&P) factor. The researchers further addressed the unique aspects in promoting regional Division-I basketball programs, and limitations and directions for future studies.

The Role Of Recovery Marketing To Recapture A Sport Market Over The Past Decade: From Travel And Tourism To Professional And Amateur Sport Business, Eric C. Schwarz

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Recovery marketing can be defined as the actual or possible regaining, restoration, or improvement of something lost or taken away as a result of a significantly negative situation or event through the transfer of goods and services from producers to consumers. This article seeks to elaborate on the concept of recovery marketing historically and in terms of the sport industry, and how sport marketing efforts can be utilized in various situations to recuperate from negative scenarios. In addition, suggestions will be presented to aid sport marketing professionals in the creation of a recovery marketing plan for their organization.

Sporting Change: Greening The Ballpark, Steve Greenberg, Anthony Taormina, Robert Sroufe

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Sustainable construction achieves the dual aim of reducing building carbon emissions while reducing lifecycle maintenance and long-term operating costs of the facility. This exploratory research aims to address the gap between the growing development of commercial LEED real estate buildings and sports and entertainment venues, while developing a framework for LEED Certification in New Ballparks. Medlar Field at Lubrano Park, located in State College, Pennsylvania, opened in 2006 as the first LEED certified stadium in the world. Sustainable design features include automatic plumbing fixtures, a gray water system, automatic lighting, public transportation hubs, and use of recycled and local construction …

The Perks And Problems Of Being Department Chair, David J. Burns, Stephen S. Batory, John Lanasa, Chris Manolis

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Many faculty members find the opportunity to serve as chair of their department at a point of their career. How does the chair position differ from a faculty position? Of what should a faculty member be aware before agreeing to serve as chair? Is it possible to prosper in the chair’s position? This special session will involve a candid discussion if the chair’s position – its perks and its problems. Four marketing faculty, both present chairs and former chairs, will present a clear picture of the chair’s position, and will address such issues as chair selection and appointment, dealing with …

Retail Prejudice: Does Marketplace Color Really Matter?, Sacha Joseph-Mathews

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

In the last decade, manufacturers, retailers and service providers alike have started paying significant attention to ethnic minority consumer segments. Several companies have increased their marketing budgets in the millions with the intention of attracting these consumers to their products, services and stores. Yet many retailers in particular are ill-equipped to deal with these new minority segments, and conventional wisdom suggests that simply attracting minority segments to stores may not be enough to ensure their return. This study seeks to examine two issues that are important to retailers who are focused on minority consumer segments: perceived retail prejudice and customer …

The Nexus Of Payroll, Performance, Ticket Prices, And Attendance In Mlb, Sam Fullerton

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

This study uses secondary data from the past ten seasons to explore key issues germane to Major League Baseball. Focusing on attendance, payroll, performance, and the cost of attending, several key relationships were identified. Huge disparities in spending are documented. Perhaps most importantly, there is a meaningful relationship between performance and attendance. Equally important is the relationship between performance and the team’s payroll. Other relationships were documented and suggestions are articulated. These suggestions include future research and managerial issues such as the implementation of a hard salary cap.

The Impacts Of Contextual Cues On The Effects Of Brand Extension, Bob Wu, Joseph W. Chang

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Brand extension strategy represents one of the most frequently used branding strategies. The degree of success in this stimulus generalization process depends on the perceived fit between the existing parent product and the extension product. In this article, we examine whether a brand extension initiated by a foreign (vs. domestic) company is construed differently by consumers and consequently whether it affects factors used to judge the fit between the parent brand and the extension brand. A 3 (foreign vs. U.S. vs. control) x 2 (anti-cavity toothpaste vs. pain relievers) between subjects factorial design was used for the study.

The present …

The Portrayal Of Native American Stereotypes: A Semiotic Analysis Of Sports Logos Overtime, May Aung, Jordana King, Kyle Kivimaki, Ryan Kolten, Scott Mccreary, Kevin O'Doherty, Alyssa Rodrigo

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Mascots and logos play a crucial role in the branding of sports teams. When establishing a logo, organizations want a sign or symbol that is meaningful and widely recognizable. This study examines the portrayal of Native American Indian stereotypes within sport team logos of the Cleveland Indians, the Atlanta Braves, the Washington Redskins, the Chicago Blackhawks, the Syracuse Orange, and the Illinois Illini over a 90 year period. The study consists of a semiotic analysis of six major sports team logos, their logo changes and a review of external factors over time. Practical implications as well as future research are …

Tthe Effect Of Acculturation On Franchise Relationships, Sally Baalbaki

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Buyer-seller relationships and franchisee-franchisor relationships, have been studied excessively in the past. One of the causes of the growing importance of research on franchising has been the increased reliance on the service sector in many developed countries. However, the role of the franchisee has not been adequately studied in the literature outside of the buyer-seller relational framework, and especially not in conjunction with the concept of acculturation. Interpersonal relationships are critical in a service industry, offering an important reason to undergo a study of culture and acculturation within this industry, specifically from the franchisee perspective. The purpose of this research …

Gift Cards And Gift Giving: Research Notes From The Field, Melek Meral Meral Anitsal, Ismet Anitsal, Sara E. Taylor

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Gift cards are rapidly emerging as a trend in the retail marketplace. However, this emerging phenomenon of consumers’ preference of gift cards has not been explored thoroughly yet. The objective of the current study is to understand consumer reactions to gift cards in terms of their impact in gift giving and gift receiving relationships. Specifically, this research seeks to answer the following research objectives: (1) How gift givers and receivers perceive gift cards; (2) What roles of gift cards play in gift giving rituals; and (3) What meanings gift cards communicate for receivers and givers.

A Successful International Joint Venture: Exploring The Critical Success Factors Of Starbucks Korea, Kyuho Lee, Melih Madanoglu, Jae-Youn Ko

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

International joint venture has become a key foreign entry mode among global service firms. Scholars have devoted significant attention to the theory of international joint venture in the past three decades. However, despite growing interest from academics and practitioners alike, research that would synthesize the model of a successful international joint venture in the service industry has not been established. To close this gap, we undertook a qualitative study using Starbuck Korea case. This study investigates how Starbucks Korea, an international joint venture between the Starbucks Corporation and the Shinsegae Corporation (the Korean joint venture partner of Starbucks Korea) has …

Brand Engagement And Consumer Innovativeness, Ronald E. Goldsmith, Leisa Reinecke Flynn, Felipe Korzenny

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Brand engagement describes the tendency of consumers to make the brands they buy part of their self- concept. This new insight into consumer behavior offers marketers many ways to create relationships with their customers. An unexplored aspect of brand engagement is how it is related to consumer innovativeness, the tendency to be among the first buyers of new products. The present study used survey data from 2399 adult U.S. consumers to show that brand engagement is positively related to consumer innovativeness. This finding suggests that in addition to promoting the features of new products likely to attract innovators, showing how …

Providing Consistent Service At The Concessions Stand: A Potential Problem, Mark Nagel

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Concession sales are a critical revenue stream for sport and entertainment venues. Most research investigating concession revenues has focused upon quality and availability of food choices as well as the servicescape (Bigelow, 2004; Zeithaml, Bitner, & Gremler, 2006). Though these are important areas of concern, one area that has not been extensively researched is the appearance, speed, and efficiency of individual concession stations in relation to their in-venue counterparts. This study investigated the consistency of concession operations at a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men’s basketball game. Results indicated that a large discrepancy existed among concession outlets in …

The Role Of Trust In Today’S Extended Enterprise, Ken Saban, Michaela Ann Noakes

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

This paper explores the role that trust plays in improving the overall collaboration and business performance of firms that constitute an extended enterprise. Case studies of Eli Lilly, Airbus and Toyota Motor Company illustrate the significant economic advantages of creating and maintaining a collaborative and trusting network.

Practitioner Implications On Sample Frame For Single Language Products, Joe Schwartz

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

When a marketing research project is undertaken in a single language the potential for bias through misrepresentation of those who do not speak the language is always an inherent risk. That bias can greatly increase in a market with a significant population that does not speak that language. In practice there are a small number of U.S. markets that can be significantly impacted when addressing this concern. The author identifies the conditions under which this bias can be so great as to skew results. The author extends this to show how the bias can be a significant factor in marketing …

Business Literature: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach To Marketing Education, Nancy L. Bush

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

This paper looks at a course for marketing majors developed to examine literature in

several areas of the business disciplines that are relevant to marketing professionals-to- be. The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and potential

employers have increasingly suggested that the integration of learning rather than functional silo-oriented learning is the preferred andragogy for business schools, providing students with soft skills as well as technical expertise that are needed for the contemporary employment environment. In examining the then existing traditional General Education Requirements (GER) for Wingate University, the faculty assembly considered ways to increase such cross disciplinary …

At The Intersection Of Politics & Consumption: A Review Of Ethical Shopping In America, Julie M. Pharr

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

This paper condenses the existing literature on ethical shopping in the United States with the goal of providing an up-to-date review of the topic. It profiles the ethical shopper and distinguishes the various institutions and instruments of political consumerism evident in the Fair Trade movement. It also provides recommendations for more rigorous study of moral consumer behavior and implications for implementing fair trade marketing strategies.

Business Programs In Study Abroad: A Reconsideration, Susan Carley, Randy S. Stuart, M. P. Dailey

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

In acknowledgement of the importance of fostering a global perspective in their students, business educators stress the role that international study can play in increasing interpersonal skills and also broadening knowledge of global business practices. Traditionally offered as semester- or year- long programs, today’s study abroad programs are more often short-term in nature, raising questions about student outcomes of abbreviated study tours. This longitudinal study of students who participated over a nine-year period examines the benefits and limitations of short-term study tours. Results suggest that schools of business may want to think again about desired student outcomes and learning objectives …

Marketing Part-Time Mba Programs: Understanding The Need For And Dimensions Of Flexibility, Lynn C. Dailey

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Flexibility likely plays a major role in MBA recruitment, particularly for part-time MBA programs. This begs the question, what does flexibility really mean in regards to education? This paper examines the issue of MBA program flexibility. The paper utilizes exploratory research to help MBA marketers better understand consumers need for flexibility and to identify dimensions on which MBA marketers can build flexibility into their programs.

The "Perfect" Service-Learning Class Project: Implications For The Seleb Scale, Cynthia Anderson, Jane M. Reid, Mark Toncar

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

A six-week public relations class held during the summer of 2009 conducted a very successful service- learning project. The students were able to raise money for charity, while showcasing their project on three local television stations as well as the local newspaper. Additionally, they communicated information about their event through social networking sites. Thus, this project became known as the "perfect" service- learning class project. The purpose of this article is to determine how the students participating in this service-learning project rated the items on the SELEB (Service Learning Benefits) scale, compared to less successful classes.

Expert To Matrix Learning: A Comparison Of Graduate Versus Undergraduate, Renee Fontenot

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

The process use of expert-to-matrix learning is explained and then exampled across undergraduate principles of marketing classes and a graduate foundations of marketing course. Through expert-to-matrix learning students practice teamwork, presentation, and critical thinking skills. The technique is an example of cooperative learning, where students discuss concepts, seek explanations, and develop a common response to objectives that they present to others. They gain positive learning benefits like empowerment and responsible association. Matrix learning maximizes performance, morale, and well being of students. Teams are evaluated on the thoroughness and quality of their shared understanding of daily course objectives through class presentations. …

Rebates And Reward Programs: Conflicting Drivers, Michael Mccall, Clay Voorhees, Carol L. Bruneau, Aimee Dars Ellis

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Rebate programs and customer reward programs have evolved almost side by side within the hospitality, tourism, services and retailing sectors. Interestingly, they both share a common theme of delaying rewards for consumers. In each case consumers are motivated to purchase a good or service contingent upon a reward that is delayed until a later time. At present there has been little research that examines how these programs function together and whether when implemented in tandem that they might actually be in conflict. An online survey was completed by 68 members of a shopping blog that asked about their participation and …

Budgeting In A Chaotic Economic Environment ... Factors Leading To Improvement, Nancy Coulmas

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Traditional budgets and budgeting processes have been identified as frustrating and inflexible. They are based on immovable targets and often lead to suboptimal attitudes and behaviors. When the budget process is performed in a chaotic economic environment, these negative aspects are exacerbated. This paper identifies and discusses actions that can be implemented to enhance the flexibility of budgets and their processes and to reduce the negative aspects involved.

Retiring Workers Could Present A Problem For Marketers, Even In A Recession, Eileen D. Weisenbach Keller, Doris M. Shaw

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Today's workforce is aging fast. The tacit knowledge held by those approaching retirement is necessary for firms to compete in the increasingly competitive marketplace. While some research has been devoted to how older workers view their retirement will impact the workplace, minimal attention has been given to how younger workers view this issue. As companies strive to remain market-driven, this paper examines how younger personnel view the impact of retirement on their employers and the impending brain drain. A discussion of implications for the marketing function within firms also is provided.

Why Hispanic Women Wear What They Wear, Maria-Gracia Inglessis

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

This paper is an exploration of how Hispanic women communicate their identity through clothing and how cultural values affect how they shop for clothes. Based on in-depth interviews with Hispanic women in Florida, this study demonstrates that Latinas retain overtime a set of values characteristic of the traditional Hispanic culture. This study also reveals that Hispanic women are high self-monitors and enjoy the experience of discovery when they shop. Specific implications for marketers are offered.

An Investigation Of The Relationships Among Market Power, Industry Concentration And Industry Share, Rick Mathisen, Tom Miller

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

In a previous study the authors investigated the relationship of market power to advertising investments, R&D investments and industry concentration. The findings revealed that although there was a positive correlation between market power and both advertising and R&D investments, there was a negative correlation to industry concentration.

The current study investigates the relationships between market power, industry concentration and industry share. Market power indicates the ability of a firm to have higher gross margins in a firm macro measure. Traditional market power measures at the micro level indicate the ability to increase the difference between price and marginal cost. This …

A Comparative Analysis Of Retail Store Image: Wal-Mart And Dillards, Charles E. Pettijohn, Linda S. Pettijohn, A J. Taylor, Andrew J. Newman

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

The research in this manuscript reports on analyses of retail image which compares the images of two well- known U.S. retailers. The scale used is the research is one that has been specifically designed to evaluate consumers' perceptions of retailers. The results indicate that differential scale items are required to meaningfully assess different varieties of retail establishments. Specifically, the findings indicate that consumers assess retailers in a manner which seems consistent for retail store type. The study offers conclusions and insights based upon the differential items used to assess discount retailers and traditional department stores.

Successful Strategising Through Customer Exclusion, Edward Kasabov, Alex Warlow

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Marketing tends to emphasise retaining existing customers and generating customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, observation of the current practices of businesses suggests that such an over-emphasis on customer satisfaction may be misplaced. Many successful companies have developed competitive advantage by practicing ‘Exclusion Marketing’. This discussion defines Exclusion Marketing, explores its main tenets and ingredients, and demonstrates how by implementing such tactics modern businesses can reduce the cost of their products and services while offering high levels of service to ‘good’ customers, while eliminating and ‘excluding’ troublesome or non profitable clients. This discussion contributes to debates on the relationship between companies …

The Lifeblood Model: The Power Of Trust In E-Commerce Communication, Miles Clinton Coleman

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Relationship marketing has been established as a valuable approach for use in business to consumer transactions. When utilized in e-commerce environments however, this approach seems to falter in light of the risk and uncertainty components inherent in electronically mediated exchange. The reluctance of a consumer to partake in an exchange with a business causes the possibility of a successful relationship to dwindle. In this paper the lifeblood model is proposed as a means to further understanding the power of trust in mitigating e-commerce communication exchanges. Practical applications of the model are also discussed.

Sample Frames Vs. Data Quality: When Research Panels Are From A Client And A Research Firm, Michael Latta

Association of Marketing Theory and Practice Proceedings 2010

Clients, academics, and marketing research practitioners are concerned about sample frames and their relationships to data quality. In addition, clients sponsoring marketing research surveys are concerned about data collection period length. Typically, brand managers pressure research suppliers to quickly find solutions to the research problem. This study provides real world data on a survey among 504 female consumers. Two sample frames were involved: 1) a Volunteer Access Panel (VAP) and 2) a Non-Volunteer Access Panel (NVAP). The use of two sample frames reduced the field time for the client, provided lower costs, and added value in meeting rapid response requirements.