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Full-Text Articles in Business

Achieving Financial Stability Through Financial Market Integration With Asia, Ahmed Khalid, Asif Saeed Jan 2016

Achieving Financial Stability Through Financial Market Integration With Asia, Ahmed Khalid, Asif Saeed

Ahmed Khalid

Extract; The White Paper on Australia in the Asian Century (Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet ) [DPMC], 2012) correctly indicated that Asia’s extraordinary recent economic performance as well as the future economic outlook cannot be overlooked when planning Australia’s future economic prospects. It is strategically and geographically important for Australia to integrate itself with Asia, in order to achieve and maintain sustainable economic growth. The Asian success story emphasises the important role of the financial market development and integration in providing financial stability to the region. This is especially true in the aftermath of the Asian Financial Crisis …


Introduction, Noel Gaston, Ahmed M. Khalid Jul 2014

Introduction, Noel Gaston, Ahmed M. Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

Extract: Globalization is very much part of the modern vernacular. Arguably, it was first used by McLuhan and Fiore (1968) when they introduced the concept of the ‘global village’. Globalization is characterized by the growth of the international trade of goods and services, the growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) as well as the political and social linkages that accompany growing economic integration. Outwardly, the driving forces seem to be the decline in administrative barriers to trade, sharp falls in the costs of transportation and communication, fragmentation of production processes and the development in information and communication technologies (ICT). Arguably, …


Post-Keynesian Money Endogeneity Evidence In G-7 Economics, Zatul Badarudin, Mohamed Ariff, Ahmed Khalid Jul 2014

Post-Keynesian Money Endogeneity Evidence In G-7 Economics, Zatul Badarudin, Mohamed Ariff, Ahmed Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

This study is a methodological evaluation of studies on importance and performance measurement, and importance–performance analysis (IPA) which has gained widespread acceptance in the hospitality and tourism research. A synthesis of IPA literature on conceptual and measurement issues is presented with a view to identifying and mitigating potential validity concerns.


Trade Liberalisation And Growth: A Threshold Expectation, Rod Falvey, Neil Foster-Mcgregor, Ahmed Khalid Jul 2014

Trade Liberalisation And Growth: A Threshold Expectation, Rod Falvey, Neil Foster-Mcgregor, Ahmed Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

Openness and trade liberalisation variables are consistently estimated to have significant positive coefficients in panel growth regressions. Many arguments have been advanced as to why and how more open or liberalised economies might grow faster, but the specific channels this process uses have begun to be investigated only recently. We continue these efforts by including a variable identifying the date of trade liberalisation in a system of equations that captures the determinants of growth in per capita income. Four ‘channels’ are considered: capital formation, the share of government, the economy’s openness to trade and its price distortions. We include the …


Intangible Capital In A Real Business Cycle Model, Kashif Malik, Syed Ali, Ahmed Khalid Jul 2014

Intangible Capital In A Real Business Cycle Model, Kashif Malik, Syed Ali, Ahmed Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

Recent empirical studies have shown that intangible capital plays an important role in explaining productivity gains that have occurred during the last two decades. By introducing intangible capital in an otherwise standard theoretical real business cycle model, this paper aims to provide a theoretical foundation of the empirical findings. Our results indicate that investment in intangible capital is pro-cyclical. Both transitory aswell as permanent productivity shocks increase investment in intangible capital. However, in case of a permanent technology shock we learn that firms allocate more labor and physical capital to the creation of intangible capital which increases future profits at …


Exogenous Or Endogenous Money Supply: Evidence From Australia, Zatul Badarudin, Ahmed Khalid, Mohamed Ariff Jun 2013

Exogenous Or Endogenous Money Supply: Evidence From Australia, Zatul Badarudin, Ahmed Khalid, Mohamed Ariff

Ahmed Khalid

This paper investigates the nature of money supply in Australia over two separate monetary policy regimes: monetary and inflation targeting. The post-Keynesian theory on endogenous money was tested with the aim of investigating whether endogenous money supply, if it did exist, followed the accomodationist, structuralist or liquidity preference viewpoints. Data used are quarterly series from 1977 to 2007 and we used vector error-correction model for long-run and short-run causality tests. We found that money supply is endogenous in Australia even when the central bank targeted monetary aggregates during the period 1977 to 1993.


Gfc: Origin, Consequence And Cost, Mohamed Ariff, Ahmed Khalid Nov 2011

Gfc: Origin, Consequence And Cost, Mohamed Ariff, Ahmed Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

No abstract provided.


The Impact Of Political Events On Financial Market Volatility: Evidence Using A Markov Switching Process, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru Nov 2011

The Impact Of Political Events On Financial Market Volatility: Evidence Using A Markov Switching Process, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru

Ahmed Khalid

This paper investigates the impact of political shocks (positive and negative) on financial markets. Using data from Pakistan for the period January 1999 to September 2006, we link ‘a’ political event to the financial market volatility. We use high frequency data from three indicators (currency, stock and money market) of the financial market for empirical estimation. We employ a Markov Switching process to identify the low and high volatility regimes in Pakistan’s financial market and then link these regimes to certain political events. We use data on daily observations of exchange rates, stock prices and interest rates to perform empirical …


Globalization And Integration In The Asia-Pacific: Prospects And Risks, Noel Gaston, Ahmed Khalid Nov 2011

Globalization And Integration In The Asia-Pacific: Prospects And Risks, Noel Gaston, Ahmed Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

Extract: Globalization is very much part of the modern vernacular. Arguably, it was first used by McLuhan and Fiore (1968) when they introduced the concept of the "global village". Globalization is characterized by the growth of the international trade of goods and services, the growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) as well as the political and social linkages that accompany growing economic integration. Outwardly, the driving forces seem to be the decline in administrative barriers to trade, sharp falls in the costs of transportation and communication, fragmentation of production processes and the development in information and communication technology OCT). Arguably, …


Market Development For Fixed Income Securities: The Role Of Socio-Economic And Institutional Factors, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru Nov 2011

Market Development For Fixed Income Securities: The Role Of Socio-Economic And Institutional Factors, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru

Ahmed Khalid

It is well understood that bond markets play an important role in the development of the overall financial sector. Bond markets also help to make efficient investment and financing decisions, to improve efficiency in the design and implementation of monetary policy, provide financial stability by mitigating rollover risk and interest rate risk for the borrowers, provide an alternative source of finance to firms and thus reduce the monopoly of the banking sector. Given the importance of this market, this paper aims to investigate the factors that may be important for developing a market for domestic bonds. First, we discuss the …


Money Supply Behaviour In Emerging Economies: A Comparative Analysis, Zatul Badarudin, Ahmed Khalid, Mohamed Ariff Jul 2010

Money Supply Behaviour In Emerging Economies: A Comparative Analysis, Zatul Badarudin, Ahmed Khalid, Mohamed Ariff

Ahmed Khalid

This paper reports new evidence consistent with the post-Keynesian hypothesis of money endogeneity for hitherto unexplored 10 emerging economies. These results were obtained using a vector error correction model to test for long-run and short-run causalities with data from 1996 to 2007. The evidence suggests that money supply is endogenous in five countries, namely China, the Czech Republic, India, Malaysia and Turkey; it is exogenous in Mexico, while there was no causality found in Indonesia, Russia and Taiwan. Thailand showed endogeneity in the long-run causality. Some suggestions are made to explain the mixed results, and we also discuss the limitations …


Globalization And Economic Integration: Winners And Losers In The Asia-Pacific Dec 2009

Globalization And Economic Integration: Winners And Losers In The Asia-Pacific

Ahmed Khalid

‘Noel Gaston and Ahmed M. Khalid’s volume offers fascinating insights on the development, causes, and consequences of globalization in the Asia-Pacific. The outstanding collection of articles combines theory with rigorous econometrics, making the book a must-read for every student of globalization. At a time where the global crisis gave new arguments to the critics of globalization, the questions raised in this book, and the answers given, are essential reading for academics and politicians alike.’ – Axel Dreher, University of Goettingen, Germany Given the importance of globalization in today’s world, this salutary and timely book explores how globalization is specifically shaping …


Bank Stock Returns Under Money Supply Endogeneity: Empirical Evidence Using Panel Data, Zatul Badarudin, Mohamed Ariff, Ahmed Khalid Dec 2009

Bank Stock Returns Under Money Supply Endogeneity: Empirical Evidence Using Panel Data, Zatul Badarudin, Mohamed Ariff, Ahmed Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

There is as yet a study of money supply effect on the aggregate bank stock prices using modern money supply theories. Endogenous money theory suggests loans made by banks cause deposits, and, consequently, bank creates money supply. Resulting changes in bank’s loans and deposits affects bank stock returns: Also, consequent credit creations/reductions affect a bank’s profitability, thus stock prices. Whether money endogeneity is in fact the way the money supply behaves has also not yet been widely tested. Applying panel regression and generalized method of moments, this paper provides new evidence on this little explored relationship between endogenous money supply …


Was Financial Market Contagion The Source Of Economic Crisis In Asia? Evidence Using A Multivariate Var Model, Ahmed Khalid, Masahiro Kawai Sep 2009

Was Financial Market Contagion The Source Of Economic Crisis In Asia? Evidence Using A Multivariate Var Model, Ahmed Khalid, Masahiro Kawai

Ahmed Khalid

The episodes of financial crises in many parts of the world during the 1990s have sparked interest in identifying channels through which such crises spread from one country to another. Researchers have identified several factors that may have sparked and induced contagion. This study further extends the existing research by identifying and testing three financial market variables to trace the alleged origin and the subsequent path of the contagion during the 1997 Asian Crisis. Foreign exchange rates, stock market prices and interest rates are three main financial market indicators, representing the currency, stock and money markets, respectively. We use a …


Financial Market Contagion: Evidence From The Asian Crisis Using A Multivariate Garch Approach, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru Aug 2009

Financial Market Contagion: Evidence From The Asian Crisis Using A Multivariate Garch Approach, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru

Ahmed Khalid

Recent trends of globalization and financial market internationalization have exposed the vulnerability of many emerging financial markets to external shocks and spillover effects from regional crisis. It is believed that similar spillover effects were the root cause of the 1997 financial crisis that faced many emerging economies in Asia. This study attempts to investigate the spillover effects of the 1997 Asian financial crisis using data from a sample of selected Asian countries. For empirical estimation, we use high frequency data (daily observations) on exchange rates from 1994 to 2002, construct a multivariate GARCH model and apply the Granger causality test …


The Global Impact Of The Russian Financial Crisis: Evidence Using Granger Causality And Impulse Reponses In A Var Model, Ahmed Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru Aug 2009

The Global Impact Of The Russian Financial Crisis: Evidence Using Granger Causality And Impulse Reponses In A Var Model, Ahmed Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru

Ahmed Khalid

This study attempts to investigate the financial market contagion in a global perspective. We use a large sample of 26 countries representing different regions in the world and focus on the spillover effects of the 1998 Russian crisis. We use daily observations on three financial market indicators namely, the exchange rates, stock prices and interest rates. We construct a VAR to test the interlinkages among different market and different regions using the Granger causalfiy. Later, we perform impulse response analysis by introducing a shock in each of the Russian market and observe the impact and duration of this shock on …


Testing Twin Deficits Hypothesis Using Vars And Variance Decomposition, Ahmad Zubaidi Baharumshah, Evan Lau, Ahmed M. Khalid Feb 2009

Testing Twin Deficits Hypothesis Using Vars And Variance Decomposition, Ahmad Zubaidi Baharumshah, Evan Lau, Ahmed M. Khalid

Ahmed Khalid

This paper examines the twin deficits hypothesis in the ASEAN countries. The major findings of this paper are the following. (1) Long run relationships are detected between budget and current account deficits. (2) The Keynesian view fits well for Thailand since the causality runs from budget deficit to current account deficit. For Indonesia, the causality runs in an opposite direction while the empirical results indicate that a bidirectional pattern of causality exists for Malaysia and the Philippines. (3) We also found support for an indirect causal relationship that runs from budget deficit to higher interest rates, and higher interest rates …


Financial Market Contagion: Evidence From The Asian Crisis Using A Multivariate Garch Approach, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru Feb 2009

Financial Market Contagion: Evidence From The Asian Crisis Using A Multivariate Garch Approach, Ahmed M. Khalid, Gulasekaran Rajaguru

Ahmed Khalid

Recent trends of globalization and financial market internationalization have exposed the vulnerability of many emerging financial markets to external shocks and spillover effects from regional crisis. It is believed that similar spillover effects were the root cause of the 1997 financial crisis that faced many emerging economies in Asia. This study attempts to investigate the spillover effects of the 1997 Asian financial crisis using data from a sample of selected Asian countries. For empirical estimation, we use high frequency data (daily observations) on exchange rates from 1994 to 2002, construct a multivariate GARCH model and apply the Granger causality test …