Business Commons^™

Reinventing An Organizing Union: Strategies For Change, Jeffrey Grabelsky, Richard Hurd

Richard W Hurd

[Excerpt] Confronted by declining membership and market share as well as an erosion of bargaining strength and political influence, a sense of crisis now pervades many international unions. Some labor unions continue to adhere to programs and practices they have pursued for several decades. But others, faced with challenges so fundamental that their viability is at stake, have chosen to reexamine their basic policies and performance and to reorient their essential course. This paper evaluates the experience of four such international unions, all of which have recently embarked on strategic planning initiatives. Three of the unions – the Electrical Workers …

Structural Change And Union Transformation, Richard W. Hurd, Martin Behrens

Richard W Hurd

Analysis of the role of structural change in labor movement revitalization is presented as part of a multicountry comparative project. There are two interrelated causal chains that explain successful union restructuring. First, there must be sufficient environmental pressure to overcome institutional inertia. Second, unions J need a clearly articulated vision that provides a basis for strategic decision making. Three viable motivations for restructuring are identified: aggressive, defensive, and strategic. Aggressive restructuring strengthens union leadership; defensive restructuring attempts to stabilize the union to assure survival. If the restructuring is merely aggressive or merely defensive, however, it will not contribute to a …

Organizing Activity Among University Clerical Workers, Richard W. Hurd, Adrienne M. Mcelwain

Richard W Hurd

[Excerpt] As union membership has declined and blue-collar employment has contracted, union organizers have shifted their attention to white-collar workers in the largely nonunion service sector. Interviews with union organizers indicate that a disproportionate share of this organizing activity has been aimed at college and university clerical employees. In order to gain a better understanding of this activity, two avenues of inquiry were pursued. Interviews were conducted with 48 union officials who have been involved in university clerical organizing. In addition, a questionnaire concerning the unionization of clerical workers was mailed in 1986 to personnel directors of all colleges and …

Strategic Diversity In Union Political Action: Implications For The 1992 House Elections, Richard W. Hurd, Jeffrey E. Sohl

Richard W Hurd

[Excerpt] The purpose of this paper is to explore labor's strategic options in the 1992 elections. We will focus on House races because the diversity in political strategies among unions is most apparent there. However, our conclusions will have broader implications for union activity in elections at all levels of government. In evaluating the situation we will consider the impact of redistricting on labor's alternatives. We should note that recent developments have made many union political operatives more optimistic. The upset victory by populist Democrat Harris Wofford in the special Senate election in Pennsylvania, the eventual compromises on civil rights …

Reinventing An Organizing Union: Strategies For Change, Jeffrey Grabelsky, Richard Hurd

Jeffrey Grabelsky

[Excerpt] Confronted by declining membership and market share as well as an erosion of bargaining strength and political influence, a sense of crisis now pervades many international unions. Some labor unions continue to adhere to programs and practices they have pursued for several decades. But others, faced with challenges so fundamental that their viability is at stake, have chosen to reexamine their basic policies and performance and to reorient their essential course. This paper evaluates the experience of four such international unions, all of which have recently embarked on strategic planning initiatives. Three of the unions – the Electrical Workers …

Reshoring Offers Hope To R.I., U.S., Koray Özpolat, Stu Westin

Koray Özpolat

While dining with Silicon Valley executives in February 2011, President Obama asked Steve Jobs what it would take to manufacture iPhones in the United States. Jobs, in his straightforward tone, replied: “These jobs aren’t coming back!” Surprisingly, only two years later, Jobs’s successor Tim Cook announced Apple’s plans to bring some manufacturing jobs home by making the new iMacs in the U.S. Since then, reports of iMacs sporting a backside stamp “Assembled in USA” have flooded the media.

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Who Will Do The Job? Hiring Older Workers To Fill Library Labor Gaps, Anne Marie Casey

Anne Marie Casey

This article discusses the potential shortage of librarians as baby boomers retire. Drawing from other industries that hire retirees for part time or seasonal work, the author discusses this as a possible solution to labor shortages in the field of librarianship.

Use Of Academic Library Strategic Priorities During Severe Budget Reductions, Anne Marie Casey

Anne Marie Casey

Poster presentation of initial findings from doctoral dissertation research.

Professional Development Days Schedule.Pdf, Lisa Dubose

Lisa Dubose

Who Washes A Rental Car? Contamination As A Barrier To Renting, Leslie Koppenhafer

Leslie E. Koppenhafer

This research examines contamination as a barrier to renting. Participants evaluated a car rental where cleaning supplies were explicitly/not described and evidence of prior user was present or absent. Participants viewed the company more favorably and were willing to pay more when the prior user was not made salient.

Does Privacy Still Matter In The Era Of Web 2.0? A Qualitative Study Of User Behavior Towards Online Social Networking Activities, Qing Hu, Shuo Ma

Qing Hu

In this study, we attempt to understand one frequently observed paradox in user social networking behavior – highly concerned about privacy issues on social networking sites, yet actively participating in social networking activities. Based on qualitative analysis of student essays on their social networking activities and perceptions, we propose a theory for user online social networking behavior – the adaptive cognition theory (ACT). The main argument of the theory is that user behavior toward social networking is dynamic and adaptive primarily influenced by the perceived benefits and risks. More often than not, the perceived benefits dominate the perceived risks in …

The Impact Mechanism Of Transformational Leadership Style On Exploitative And Exploratory Learning Of Erp Systems, Zhen Shao, Yuqiang Feng, Qing Hu

Qing Hu

Transformational leadership has been identified as one of the most critical factors in ERP success. However, few studies have explored how transformational leadership impacts ERP success, especially in the assimilation phase. Drawing from organizational learning and leadership theories, we submit that transformational leadership is positively related to exploitative and exploratory learning, mediated by three types of organizational learning culture. We developed a theoretical model and collected data from top and middle managers of 101 organizations in China that have used ERP systems for at least one year. Our results suggest that (1) transformational leadership is positively related with psychological safety, …

The Role Of Guanxi In Information Technology Enabled Organizations: A Structuration Theory Perspective, Qing Hu, Jinghua Xiao, Kang Xie

Qing Hu

Firms in China, and in Asia-Pacific countries to a certain degree, cannot escape from two institutional characteristics of modern organizations: the uniquely Eastern practice of guanxi and the uniquely Western artifact of information technology. While both constructs have been extensively studied in organizational contexts, few have examined how these two constructs interact with each other and how such interaction impact organizational processes, norms, and other institutional properties. From the lens of structuration theory, we attempt to understand this interesting and important phenomenon. We submit that guanxi is neither a cultural artifact of the Chinese society, nor a product of weak …

Why College Students Commit Computer Hacks: Insights From A Cross Culture Analysis, Qing Hu, Zhengchuan Xu, Ali Alper Yayla

Qing Hu

Computer hacking committed by young adults has become an epidemic that threatens the social and economic prosperity brought by information technology around the world. In this study, we extend previous studies on computer hackers with a cross cultural approach by comparing sources of influence on computer hacking in two countries: China and the United States. This comparative study yielded some significant insights about the contributing factors to the computer hacking phenomenon in these two countries. While some factors are consistent, others are distinctly different, across the two samples. We find that moral beliefs about computer hacking are the most consistent …

Why Individuals Commit Computer Offences In Organizations: Investigating The Roles Of Rational Choice, Self-Control, And Deterrence, Qing Hu, Zhengchuan Xu, Tamara Dinev, Hong Ling

Qing Hu

Computer offences and crimes against corporate computer systems have increasingly become a major challenge to information security management in the Internet-enabled global economy and society. In this study, we attempt to develop a theoretical model that integrates three main stream criminology theories, i.e., general deterrence, rational choice, and individual propensity. We submit that, while the main decision process leading to an offensive act may be explained by the rational choice theory, self-control and deterrence factors could significantly alter the risk-benefit calculus assumed in the rational choice model. Using data collected from employees in multiple organizations, we tested our model using …

Corruption, Democracy And Asia-Pacific Countries, Neil Campbell, Shrabani Saha

Neil Campbell

This paper argues that the relationship between democracy and corruption is nonmonotonic. When a country shifts from autocratic rule to highly imperfect democracy (an ‘electoral democracy’) it is frequently perceived that the level of corruption increases. Conversely, when the democracy level is already relatively high (approaching ‘mature democracy’) an increase in the level of democracy is typically expected to decrease the level of corruption. To assist with our discussion of these issues, before going on to the empirical part of the paper, we look specifically at the case of South Korea to illustrate how corruption responded to an increasing level …

Developing A Reputation For Incorruptibility In A Corrupt Environment, J Kline, Neil Campbell

Neil Campbell

We construct a simple two-stage model of reputation building in a corrupt environment. The existence of incorruptible firms helps corruptible firms establish a reputation for not paying bribes.

Does Weak Intellectual Property Rights Protection Deter Investment In R&D? Evidence From The Tea Industry In China, Neil Campbell, Kainan Huang, Shravan Luckraz

Neil Campbell

In July 2010 representatives of the EU and governments of the US and many other countries met in Switzerland for the ninth round of negotiations for the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). While the purpose of the ACTA is to establish a voluntary international legal framework (outside the WTO) to promote the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR), many developing countries like India and China strongly opposed proposed policies that would strengthen IPR protection.

The One And Many Gods Of Hinduism, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

Hinduism is commonly thought to represent polytheism. This label reflects a superficial perception of how the gods were and are understood. This essay explores the idea that Hinduism, (itself a relatively modern, externally imposed label), has many
understandings… that it is polygnostic. It takes a journey through the evolution of a range of Hindu conceptions of deity, from the philosophical and abstract through to the deeply personal. Although such modern commentators as Richard Dawkins claim that the possibility of Hinduism including a monotheistic stream is deceptive, this essay traces monotheistic stances through a range of India’s rich theological and philosophical …

Diversity In Education: Teaching Kids 'Culture' Is Not The Same As Teaching 'Cultural' Kids, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

No abstract provided.

Freirean Critical Pedagogy’S Challenge To Interfaith Education: What Is Interfaith? What Is Education?, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

Interfaith education has been boosted recently by the imprimatur of current and previous political world leaders. However, a critical analysis of what makes good interfaith education is yet to emerge. Indeed the attention may distract from the effort needed to ensure positive outcomes. This paper questions whether the uncritical nature of some interfaith education initiatives encourages the continuation of cultural and theological bias. Critical social theorist Paulo Freire viewed education as an opportunity for social evolution. His pedagogy of freedom relied on the idea that no knowledge is out of bounds and that such freedom nurtured the security to greet …

“Free, Compulsory And (Not) Secular”: The Failed Idea In Australian Education, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

The nineteenth century radically transformed education from a church function to a state duty. During the early to late 1800s, Australian legislators debated the foundations of education for their new society. Decades of acrimonious argument, and sustained (but failed) attempts to create a workable denominational system led the colonies to explore more radical options. To minimize religious division, Australia's proposal was for public education to be “free, compulsory and secular.” New South Wales legislated these then politically progressive principles in the Public Instruction Act of 1880, following Victoria in 1872, and Queensland and South Australia in 1875. No state defined …

Matter And Mind: A Non-Theist Exploration, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

This essay explores two non-theist approaches to mind and matter—Buddhism and Humanism. It examines these differing views in relation to Paley’s ‘design argument’ for the existence of God from a philosophical and biological perspective. While tracking along a path similar to one which a theologian may travel, this essay does not refer to theist doctrine.

Ethics Classes Won’T Stop The Extremists, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

No abstract provided.

Would A Buddhist Freeze A Cane Toad? An Exploration Of The Modern Phenomenon Of Environmental Buddhism And The Ethics Related To The Doctrine Of Ahimsa (Non-Harming), Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

Much of modern theory posits change as a positive force. Societies, cultures and even religious ideas must be capable of evolving and keeping pace, to remain relevant for the modern era. In some cases, however, such evolution of fundamentals may reverse a principle into its opposite. One example seen in modern Buddhism, for example, is killing in the name of conservation. Australian environmental Buddhists are confronted by this issue of accommodating philosophical change and determining whether and where environmentalism crosses the Buddhist boundaries. Cane toads, an introduced species, threaten the survival of a variety of native reptiles, amphibians and mammals. …

Believe Or ‘Burn In Hell’: The Politics Of Religion Pedagogy In Australia, A Pilot Study, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

Public school religion education raises complex policy responsibilitiesin plural democracies. In Australia, ambiguous policy intent and contradictoryimplementations create confusion for parents and educators. The state’s desire toencourage access by diverse faith groups defends minimal regulation, but alsoenables extremism, with children warned they will ‘burn in hell if (they) do notbelieve in Jesus’ (ID44). In the context of debate about alternatives, this pilotsurvey of attitudes identifies significant differences between the teachingphilosophy desired by parents and professional educators and the approach takenby volunteer religious instructors.

Why Tolerate Racism, Discrimination And Segregation In Schools?, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

No abstract provided.

Ideologies Of Religion And Diversity In Australian Public Schools, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

In many multicultural democracies, education has a Christian history. However, teaching religion has ideological variation. Progressives teach about many religions, while conservatives favor (often exclusive) instruction into one tradition. Australian secular education controversially prioritizes faith-forming instruction (mostly Christian). In this exploratory study (N = 123) the author examines pedagogical preference and attitudes toward religious diversity.

Spirit In The 'Expanding Circle': Why Learn About Religion In Australia In The 21st Century? Can Comparative Religion Knowledge Enable Cultural Diversity Capability?, Cathy Byrne

Dr Cathy Byrne

The place of religion in society is under scrutiny. Increasing local and global religiously marked conflict calls for deeper enquiry into its causes and possible solutions. Inter-religious ignorance may be contributing to rising intolerance. Philosopher Peter Singer (1981, 2004) claimed that interactions with an increasing variety of cultures will require humanity to develop a more tolerant approach to those once considered outsiders. This thesis proposes that comparative religion education may contribute to a possible remedy. The study combines qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the relationship between comparative religion knowledge and cultural diversity capability. It argues that comparative religion …