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Articles 1531 - 1560 of 1938

Full-Text Articles in Business

Why Do Firms With Diversification Discounts Have Higher Expected Returns?, Todd Mitton, Keith Vorkink Jan 2008

Why Do Firms With Diversification Discounts Have Higher Expected Returns?, Todd Mitton, Keith Vorkink

Faculty Publications

A diversified firm can trade at a discount to a matched portfolio of single-segment firms if the diversified firm has either lower expected cash flows or higher expected returns than the single-segment firms. We study whether firms with diversification discounts have higher expected returns in order to compensate investors for offering less upside potential (or skewness exposure) than focused firms. Our empirical tests support this hypothesis. First, we find that focused firms offer greater skewness exposure than diversified firms. Second, we find that diversified firms have significantly larger discounts when the diversified firm offers less skewness relative to matched single-segment …

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Nu Skin Enterprises: Market Research Project, Jay An, Brian Carroll, Tim Headrick, Abby Sheffield Jan 2008

Nu Skin Enterprises: Market Research Project, Jay An, Brian Carroll, Tim Headrick, Abby Sheffield

Student Works

Nu Skin's vision is to raise the percentage of customers that order online from 17 percent to 40 percent by the end of 2008. With this ambitious goal in mind, the BYU team tailored its research to help them move forward. The central question is, how can Nu Skin increase its conversion rate of those who visit nuskinusa.com to those who actually make purchases through the site. We hope to answer the following peripheral questions as well: (1.) Why do people order by phone rather than online, and (2.) How can Nu Skin improve its site to increase the percentage …

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Report For Academic Vice President, Jorge Mazal, Billy De Groot, Mark Roper, Autume Pease Jan 2008

Report For Academic Vice President, Jorge Mazal, Billy De Groot, Mark Roper, Autume Pease

Student Works

This report details our findings for the Office of the Academic Vice President. Our purpose was to help our client decide whether or not to create a system which combines Student Rating System, Blackboard, Testing Center, iClickers, Grade book on Blackboard and Testing Center, etc. We met with Debra Biser to discover the needs of this department. From the initial interview, we discovered our mission was three fold: (1) to discover what programs should be included, (2) to decide what the name should be, and (3) to determine if the students would resist the change. In order to obtain the …

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The Business Value Of Social Network Technologies: A Framework For Identifying Opportunities For Business Value And An Emerging Research Program, Degan Kettles, Julie Smith David Jan 2008

The Business Value Of Social Network Technologies: A Framework For Identifying Opportunities For Business Value And An Emerging Research Program, Degan Kettles, Julie Smith David

Faculty Publications

Although social network technologies have been the focus of many articles in the popular and business press, businesses remain unclear about their value. We use theory and data gathered from IT leaders to develop an initial model assessing the value of social network technologies in the business environment. Insights are given into when different features should be used to enhance existing business processes and to provide business value.

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An Overview And Tutorial Of The Repertory Grid Technique In Information Systems Research, Aaron Mosiah Curtis, Taylor Michael Wells, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Trevor Higbee Jan 2008

An Overview And Tutorial Of The Repertory Grid Technique In Information Systems Research, Aaron Mosiah Curtis, Taylor Michael Wells, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Trevor Higbee

Faculty Publications

Interest in the repertory grid technique has been growing in the IS field. This article seeks to inform the reader on the proper use and application of the technique in IS research. The methodology has unique advantages that make it suitable for many research settings. In this tutorial, we describe the technique, its theoretical underpinnings, and how it may be used by IS researchers. We conclude by detailing many IS research opportunities that exist in respect to the repertory grid technique.

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Competitive Advantage In Alliance Governance: Resolving The Opportunism Minimization–Gain Maximization Paradox, Mark H. Hansen, Robert E. Hoskisson, Jay B. Barney Jan 2008

Competitive Advantage In Alliance Governance: Resolving The Opportunism Minimization–Gain Maximization Paradox, Mark H. Hansen, Robert E. Hoskisson, Jay B. Barney

Faculty Publications

This paper offers a model of alliance governance that explicitly recognizes that managers of alliances simultaneously face the objectives of maximizing gains from trade while minimizing the threat of opportunism in the transaction—an apparent paradox. Our model shows that both the gains from trade and the threat of opportunism are influenced by firm characteristics (cooperative capabilities and trustworthiness) as well as transaction attributes (information asymmetry and asset specificity). The paradox may be resolved by strong form trustworthiness combined with relationship management capabilities because these characteristics allow the pursuit of gains from trade while simultaneously limiting the threat of opportunism.

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The Importance Of Default Options For Retirement Saving Outcomes: Evidence From The United States, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian Jan 2008

The Importance Of Default Options For Retirement Saving Outcomes: Evidence From The United States, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian

Faculty Publications

If transaction costs are small, standard economic theory would suggest that defaults should have little impact on economic outcomes. Agents with well-defined preferences will opt out of any default that does not maximize their utility, regardless of the nature of the default. In practice, however, defaults can have quite sizeable effects on economic outcomes. Recent research has highlighted the important role that defaults play in a wide range of settings: organ donation decisions (Johnson and Goldstein 2003; Abadie and Gay 2004), car insurance plan choices (Johnson et al. 1993), car option purchases (Park, Jun, and McInnis 2000), and consent to …

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Spirituality And Organizational Culture: Cultivating The Abcs Of An Inspiring Workplace, Stanley E. Fawcett, James C. Brau, Gary K. Rhoads, David Whitlark, Amydee M. Fawcett Jan 2008

Spirituality And Organizational Culture: Cultivating The Abcs Of An Inspiring Workplace, Stanley E. Fawcett, James C. Brau, Gary K. Rhoads, David Whitlark, Amydee M. Fawcett

Faculty Publications

Perhaps the greatest source of unique advantage is an organization’s workforce. Unfortunately, while many managers talk about the importance or their people, they often fail to cultivate a organizational spirit that leverages their people’s creativity, insight and passion. A senior executive at a Fortune 500 company commented on this reality, saying, “People are either the bridge or the barrier.” One of today’s primary leadership challenges is to overcome practices that limit workers’ involvement. The goal is to create a workplace that inspires creativity and contribution. The question becomes, “What practices cultivate a culture that can transform an organization’s workforce into …

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The Relationship Between Corportate Social Responsibility And Shareholder Value: An Empirical Test Of The Risk Management Hypothesis, Paul C. Godfrey, Craig B. Merrill, Jared M. Hansen Jan 2008

The Relationship Between Corportate Social Responsibility And Shareholder Value: An Empirical Test Of The Risk Management Hypothesis, Paul C. Godfrey, Craig B. Merrill, Jared M. Hansen

Faculty Publications

Do shareholders gain when managers disperse corporate resources through activities classified as corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Strategy scholars have recently developed a theoretical model that links such activities to shareholder value when a firm suffers a negative event; we test key portions of this theory of the ‘insurance-like’ property of CSR activity. We posit that such activity leads to positive attributions from stakeholders, who then temper their negative judgments and sanctions toward firms because of this goodwill. We extend the risk management model by theorizing that some types of CSR activities will be more likely to create goodwill and offer …

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Trademarks, Consumer Psychology, And The Sophisticated Consumer, Glenn L. Christensen, Eric D. Derosia, Thomas R. Lee Jan 2008

Trademarks, Consumer Psychology, And The Sophisticated Consumer, Glenn L. Christensen, Eric D. Derosia, Thomas R. Lee

Faculty Publications

Trademark law rests on an amorphous foundation. The scope of protection afforded to the trademark holder turns on the psychology and behavior of the "ordinary" consumer "under the normally prevalent conditions of the market and giving the attention such purchasers usually give in buying that class of goods." In trademark law, "everything hinges upon whether there is a likelihood of confusion in the mind of an appreciable number of 'reasonably prudent' buyers." Where the ordinary consumer is deemed sufficiently "sophisticated" to discern differences between two competing marks, the law forecloses protection for the senior trademark.

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Employing Adaptive Structuring As A Cognitive Decision Aid In High Reliability Organizations, Karlene H. Roberts, Kuo Frank Yu, Vinit M. Desai, Peter Madsen Jan 2008

Employing Adaptive Structuring As A Cognitive Decision Aid In High Reliability Organizations, Karlene H. Roberts, Kuo Frank Yu, Vinit M. Desai, Peter Madsen

Faculty Publications

The article begins by discussing processes contributing to high and low reliability decision making. It then discusses three cases, covering similar processes used in the three situations and notes what managers can take from this. Finally, the article argues for research that does not concentrate on a single organization but examines interactions among geographically distributed units addressing the same problem.

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How Are Preferences Revealed?, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian Jan 2008

How Are Preferences Revealed?, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian

Faculty Publications

Revealed preferences are tastes that rationalize an economic agent's observed actions. Normative preferences represent the agent's actual interests. It sometimes makes sense to assume that revealed preferences are identical to normative preferences. But there are many cases where this assumption is violated. We identify five factors that increase the likelihood of a disparity between revealed preferences and normative preferences: passive choice, complexity, limited personal experience, third-party marketing, and intertemporal choice. We then discuss six approaches that jointly contribute to the identification of normative preferences: structural estimation, active decisions, asymptotic choice, aggregated revealed preferences, reported preferences, and informed preferences. Each …

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The Importance Of Default Options For Retirement Savings Outcomes: Evidence From The United States, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian Jan 2008

The Importance Of Default Options For Retirement Savings Outcomes: Evidence From The United States, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian

Faculty Publications

This paper summarizes the empirical evidence on how defaults impact retirement savings outcomes. After outlining the salient features of the various sources of retirement income in the U.S., the paper presents the empirical evidence on how defaults impact retirement savings outcomes at all stages of the savings lifecycle, including savings plan participation, savings rates, asset allocation, and post-retirement savings distributions. The paper then discusses why defaults have such a tremendous impact on savings outcomes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of public policy towards retirement saving when defaults matter.

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Short-Sale Strategies And Return Predictability, Karl B. Diether, Kuan-Hui Lee, Ingrid M. Werner Jan 2008

Short-Sale Strategies And Return Predictability, Karl B. Diether, Kuan-Hui Lee, Ingrid M. Werner

Faculty Publications

We examine short selling in US stocks based on new SEC-mandated data for 2005. There is a tremendous amount of short selling in our sample: short sales represent 24% of NYSE and 31% of Nasdaq share volume. Short sellers increase their trading following positive returns and they correctly predict future negative abnormal returns. These patterns are robust to controlling for voluntary liquidity provision and for opportunistic risk-bearing by short sellers. The results are consistent with short sellers trading on short-term overreaction of stock prices. A trading strategy based on daily short-selling activity generates significant positive returns during the sample period.

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Investability And Firm Value, Todd Mitton, Thomas O’Connor Jan 2008

Investability And Firm Value, Todd Mitton, Thomas O’Connor

Faculty Publications

We study how investability, or openness to foreign equity investors, affects firm value in a sample of over 1,400 firms from 26 emerging markets. We find that, on average, investability is associated with a 9% valuation premium (as measured by Tobin’s q). However, in firm-fixed effects regressions this valuation premium disappears, suggesting that investability does not have a causal effect on firm value. Analysis of the components of Tobin’s q shows that firms that become investable experience significant increases in both market values and physical investment. These effects are strongest for firms that face country-level or firm-level financial constraints prior …

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Diversification To Mitigate Expropriation In The Tobacco Industry, Messod D. Beneish, Ivo Ph. Jansen, Melissa F. Lewis-Western, Nathan V. Stuart Jan 2008

Diversification To Mitigate Expropriation In The Tobacco Industry, Messod D. Beneish, Ivo Ph. Jansen, Melissa F. Lewis-Western, Nathan V. Stuart

Faculty Publications

While it is well established that diversifying acquisitions by large, cash-rich firms destroy shareholder wealth, we document positive abnormal returns to such acquisitions in the tobacco industry. We show that these abnormal returns are associated with proxies for lower expected expropriation costs. Specifically, we show that wealth creation increases in the degree of domestic geographic expansion afforded by the acquisition (increasing tobacco firms’ influence in more political districts) and in the liquidity of tobacco firms’ assets (converting cash to harder-to-expropriate operating assets). We also show that the threat of expropriation constrains payments to shareholders before expropriation becomes certain in 1998.

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Effects Of Friendship In Transactions In An Emerging Market: Empirical Evidence From Brazil, Wesley Mendes-Da-Silva, Thaís Fernanda Salves De Brito, Rubens Famá, Jonathan T. Liljegren Jan 2008

Effects Of Friendship In Transactions In An Emerging Market: Empirical Evidence From Brazil, Wesley Mendes-Da-Silva, Thaís Fernanda Salves De Brito, Rubens Famá, Jonathan T. Liljegren

Faculty Publications

This paper considers the inclusion of human behavioral aspects and implications of cognitive psychology and anthropology in decisions relating to the emerging field of behavioral finance. The formulated hypotheses were tested using 400 questionnaires, answered by students enrolled in MBA programs. The principal results suggest that individuals involved in transactions among friends or among strangers assume different behaviors—friends agree about the price attributed to an asset, while strangers show the propensity to bargain.

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Using Wheelchair Sports To Complement Disability Awareness Curriculum Among College Students, Neil R. Lundberg, Ramon Zabriskie, Kevin M. Smith, Keith W. Barney Jan 2008

Using Wheelchair Sports To Complement Disability Awareness Curriculum Among College Students, Neil R. Lundberg, Ramon Zabriskie, Kevin M. Smith, Keith W. Barney

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a campus-wide intramural wheelchair sports program on attitudes toward people with disabilities. The sample consisted of 126 participants at a large, western university. A quasi-experimental pre-post design was used. Results indicated that there was a significant decrease in discomfort in interaction with people with disabilities after participation in the program. Additional findings indicated that recreation majors who were required to have some disability awareness training in their coursework had statistically lower pre- and post-test scores than other majors and demonstrated the greatest change in attitude toward people with disabilities. …

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Nonresident Fathers’ Family Leisure Patterns During Parenting Time With Their Children, Alisha T. Swinton, Patti A. Freeman, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Paul J. Fields Jan 2008

Nonresident Fathers’ Family Leisure Patterns During Parenting Time With Their Children, Alisha T. Swinton, Patti A. Freeman, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Paul J. Fields

Faculty Publications

The purpose of the study was to examine the leisure patterns of nonresident fathers while spending time with their child(ren), and to examine leisure constraints, leisure facilitators and nonresident fathers’ satisfaction with family leisure activities. Four instruments were used to collect the data. Family leisure involvement was measured using the Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP), leisure constraints were measured using the Nonresident Father Leisure Constraint Scale (NFLCS), leisure facilitators were measured using the Nonresident Fathers’ Leisure Facilitator Scale (NFLFS), and family leisure satisfaction was measured using the Family Leisure Satisfaction Scale (FLSS). The sample was nonresident fathers (N = 129) …

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Proposing The Hedonic Affect Model (Ham) To Explain How Stimuli And Performance Expectations Predict Affect In Individual And Group Hedonic Systems Use, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, James Gaskin, Bryan Hammer, Nathan W. Twyman, Martin Hassell Jan 2008

Proposing The Hedonic Affect Model (Ham) To Explain How Stimuli And Performance Expectations Predict Affect In Individual And Group Hedonic Systems Use, Paul Benjamin Lowry, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, James Gaskin, Bryan Hammer, Nathan W. Twyman, Martin Hassell

Faculty Publications

Hedonic systems represent a multibillion-dollar industry and play an important role in how people recreate, socialize, and even conduct business. A key goal of hedonic system design is to promote positive affect—a variable known to influence cognitive beliefs, trust, disclosure, adoption, and purchase intentions. Yet, little research has identified or explained how stimuli from design features lead to positive affect in hedonic systems. This article introduces a new theoretical model, the Hedonic Affect Model (HAM), which is a comprehensive and generalizable model explaining the causes of positive and negative affect in a hedonic software context. HAM outlines three stages that …

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Ict Perceptions And Meanings: Implications For Knowledge Transfer, Anne P. Massey, Taylor M. Wells Jan 2008

Ict Perceptions And Meanings: Implications For Knowledge Transfer, Anne P. Massey, Taylor M. Wells

Faculty Publications

Driven by global competition and economic pressures, organizations are increasingly interested in transferring and leveraging local expertise at the global level. While many of the challenges of knowledge transfer (KT) have been discussed in the literature (e.g., incentives, cognitive limitations), the challenge of KT in distributed, or “virtual”, settings and the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have received limited attention. While any given ICT may be described in terms of one’s perceptual awareness of its capabilities (e.g., richness, interactivity), it may also be described relative to the meanings an individual attaches to it, i.e., the idea of it …

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The Influence Of Distributive Justice On Lying For And Stealing From A Supervisor, Elizabeth E. Umpress, Lily Run Ren, John B. Bingham, Celile Itir Gogus Jan 2008

The Influence Of Distributive Justice On Lying For And Stealing From A Supervisor, Elizabeth E. Umpress, Lily Run Ren, John B. Bingham, Celile Itir Gogus

Faculty Publications

In a controlled laboratory experiment, we found evidence for our predictions that participants who received fair distributive treatment were more likely to lie to give a supervisor a good performance evaluation than those treated unfairly, and those who received unfair distributive treatment were more likely to steal money from a supervisor than those treated fairly. We further proposed that the presence of an ethical code of conduct would moderate these relationships such that when the code was present these relationships would be weaker than when the code was absent, but we failed to find support for these moderating effects. Our …

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Sustainability In Mba Recruiting: Only A Marketing Piece?, Lisa Jones Christensen, Aram Kang, Sheri Willoughby Jan 2008

Sustainability In Mba Recruiting: Only A Marketing Piece?, Lisa Jones Christensen, Aram Kang, Sheri Willoughby

Faculty Publications

Recently, the business press has paid increasing attention to the issue of sustainable business practices. Such press lends increased support to the innovative practices by for-profit companies as well as the programbuilding work of faculty and administrators at leading business schools. Specifically, faculty at select schools have progressively been building courses, programs, and/or research support centers for ‘sustainability’ education in the MBA curricula, with the number of courses and the student interest in the courses having both increased significantly over the last five years (Christensen et al., 2007; and the article of J. Hitchman in this issue).

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Forecasting Default With The Merton Distance To Default Model, Sreedhar T. Bharath, Tyler Shumway Jan 2008

Forecasting Default With The Merton Distance To Default Model, Sreedhar T. Bharath, Tyler Shumway

Faculty Publications

We examine the accuracy and contribution of the Merton distance to default (DD) model, which is based on Merton's (1974) bond pricing model. We compare the model to a "nai:ve" alternative, which uses the functional form suggested by the Merton model but does not solve the model for an implied probability of default. We find that the nai:ve predictor performs slightly better in hazard models and in out-of-sample forecasts than both the Merton DD model and a reduced-form model that uses the same inputs. Several other forecasting variables are also important predictors, and fitted values from an expanded hazard model …

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Promoting Supportive Relationships In Youth Programs: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective, Mat D. Duerden, Ann Gillard Jan 2008

Promoting Supportive Relationships In Youth Programs: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective, Mat D. Duerden, Ann Gillard

Faculty Publications

Although research suggests that positive contact with nonparental adults is developmentally beneficial for youth; many adolescents do not have access to such relationships. It is important that adults structure existing relationships to optimize positive youth development. Relationships with adults, who support youth’s needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence, provide youth with scaffolding as they navigate their way through adolescence. Self-Determination Theory offers a straight-forward approach to understanding the elements of contexts that best promote the development of supportive relationships. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature concerning youth-adult relationships, including their associated prevalence and developmental benefits across …

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Entrepreneur As Change Agent: Antecedents And Moderators Of Individual-Level Philanthropic Behavior, Joseph E. Coombs, Abbie J. Shipp, Lisa Jones Christensen Jan 2008

Entrepreneur As Change Agent: Antecedents And Moderators Of Individual-Level Philanthropic Behavior, Joseph E. Coombs, Abbie J. Shipp, Lisa Jones Christensen

Faculty Publications

What motivates entrepreneurs’ philanthropic acts? Philanthropy has been key to American social and cultural development, and it is also a major driver, along with entrepreneurship, of the American economy. To help researchers better understand the antecedents of entrepreneurs’ philanthropic giving, we develop a theoretical model of individual-level philanthropic actions. As antecedents of philanthropic actions in our model, we include three theoretical constructs (immortality striving, legacy creation, and generativity) from the psychology and social psychology literatures. We also propose several variables that we expect to moderate these relationships including entrepreneur age, gender, religious orientation, and wealth. Lastly, we offer directions for …

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Momentum, Reversal, And Uninformed Traders In Laboratory Markets, Robert J. Bloomfield, William B. Tayler, Flora H. Zhou Jan 2008

Momentum, Reversal, And Uninformed Traders In Laboratory Markets, Robert J. Bloomfield, William B. Tayler, Flora H. Zhou

Faculty Publications

We report the results of three experiments based on the model of Hong and Stein (1999). Consistent with the model, results show that when informed traders do not observe prices, uninformed traders generate long-term price reversals by engaging in momentum trade. However, when informed traders also observe prices, uninformed traders generate reversals by engaging in contrarian trading. Results suggest that a dominated information set is sufficient to account for the contrarian behavior observed among individual investors, and that uninformed traders may be responsible for long-term price reversals but play little role in driving short-term momentum.

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Margin Trading, Overpricing, And Synchronization Risk, Sanjeev Bhojraj, Robert J. Bloomfield, William B. Tayler Jan 2008

Margin Trading, Overpricing, And Synchronization Risk, Sanjeev Bhojraj, Robert J. Bloomfield, William B. Tayler

Faculty Publications

We provide experimental evidence that relaxing margin restrictions to allow more short selling can exacerbate overpricing, even though it reduces equilibrium price levels. This is because smart-money traders initially profit more by front-running optimistic investor sentiment than by disciplining prices. When short selling is not possible, competitive pressures among arbitrageurs rapidly drive prices to the equilibrium. However, the risk of margin calls slows the convergence process, because arbitrageurs who sell short too early face substantial losses if they are unable to synchronize their trades with other arbitrageurs (as in Abreu and Brunnermeier. 2002. Journal of Financial Economics 66(2–3):341–60; 2003. Econometrica …

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Sophistication, Bridging The Gap, And The Likelihood Of Confusion: An Empirical And Theoretical Analysis, Glenn L. Christensen, Eric D. Derosia, Thomas R. Lee Jan 2008

Sophistication, Bridging The Gap, And The Likelihood Of Confusion: An Empirical And Theoretical Analysis, Glenn L. Christensen, Eric D. Derosia, Thomas R. Lee

Faculty Publications

Recent commentary has rightly lamented the uncertain state of the multifactor test for trademark infringement. “This heuristic device is the fulcrum of American trademark law,” yet the courts are in substantial disagreement as to which factors are relevant to an evaluation of the likelihood of confusion. The doctrinal divide is substantial: “Some circuits claim to weigh heavily under certain factors what other circuits claim to ignore, and nearly every factor or combination of factors has been called the ‘most important’ by one court or another.”

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Constructive Enabling: Applying A Wilderness Skills Intervention To Support The Therapeutic Change Process Of Adolescent Females In Residential Treatment, Brian K. Malcarne Dec 2007

Constructive Enabling: Applying A Wilderness Skills Intervention To Support The Therapeutic Change Process Of Adolescent Females In Residential Treatment, Brian K. Malcarne

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential benefits of a primitive wilderness skills intervention (POST) on the therapeutic change process of adolescent females enrolled in a residential treatment center. A qualitative data analysis approach was used. A convenience sample of eight female adolescents was selected by therapist referral. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. Data analysis was used to assess participants' progress in the therapeutic change. Further analysis revealed a core theme connecting participants' POST experience with feelings of self-empowerment and reflective connections to their individual therapeutic change process. Constructive enabling was the …

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