Business Commons^™

The English Patient: A Model Of Patient Perceptions Of Triage In An Urgent Care Department In England, Jeffrey A. Miles, Stefanie E. Naumann

Eberhardt School of Business Faculty Articles

We present research examining the role of organizational justice in the perceptions of patients visiting the urgent care department of a hospital. Patients' perceptions of uncertainty were found to mediate the relationship between waiting time and satisfaction and between waiting time and anger. Further, waiting time was significantly negatively related to procedural justice perceptions. Procedural justice perceptions were significantly positively related to distributive justice perceptions, which in turn, were significantly positively associated with satisfaction. We discuss the implications concerning managing the attitudes of waiting customers.

Real Exchange Rates Over The Past Two Centuries: How Important Is The Harrod-Balassa-Samuelson Effect?, James R. Lothian, Mark P. Taylor

CRIF Seminar series

Using long-span data on the dollar-sterling and dollar-franc real exchange rates over the past two centuries, we apply the findings of various strands of the recent literature in order to examine the statistical and economic significance of the Harrod-Balassa-Samuelson effect (the effect of productivity differentials on real exchange rates) in a nonlinear context while allowing for shifts in volatility across nominal exchange rate regimes, and the implications for the speed of adjustment. The results indicate significant nonlinearity and volatility shifts corresponding broadly to the classical Gold Standard and Bretton Woods periods, as well as a statistically significant Harrod-Balassa-Samuelson effect, although …

Toward A Total-Cost Approach To Environmental Instrument Choice, Daniel H. Cole, Peter Z. Grossman

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

Much of the theoretical literature on environmental instrument reflects a normative presumption that only "economic" instruments, such as effluent taxes or tradable quotas, can produce an efficient outcome. Other potential alternatives, such as non-tradable quotas or more general Pigovian taxes are ruled out as inherently inefficient. Moreover, most of the literature relies on an important but unwarranted presumption: that cost and benefit functions, although they may be subject to uncertainty, are identical regardless of the regime that is chosen; that is price and quota systems are assumed to face the same cost and benefit curves with the same expected values. …

Mexican Peso Futures And Exchange Rate Volatility, Roberto Curci, Cynthia J. Brown

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

The reintroduction of Mexican peso futures contracts in April 1995 resulted from a refocus of governmental policy to the use of market-based mechanisms to stabilize the exchange rate. Interest in the Mexican peso future contracts has been high as investors look to manage their exposure from transactions and investments denominated in pesos. This study utilizes a VAR framework to analyze the relationship between the volatility in theMexican peso spot market and futures contracts trading activity. Shocks to the exchange rate volatility lead to increased hedging-type activity. Furthermore, an increase in futures contracts trading activity (reflecting additional speculation-type activity) results in …

The Meaning Of Property Rights: Law Versus Economics? , Daniel H. Cole, Peter Z. Grossman

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

Property rights are fundamentals to economic analysis. There is, however, no consensus in the economic literature about what property rights are. Economists define them variously and inconsistently, sometimes in ways that deviate from the conventional understandings of legal scholars and judges. This article explores ways in which definitions of property rights in the economic literature diverge from conventional legal understandings, and how those divergences can create interdisciplinary confusion and bias economic analyses. Indeed, some economists' idiosyncratic definitions of property rights, if used to guide policy, could lead to suboptimal economic outcomes.

The Existence Of Gender-Specific Promotion Standards In The U.S., Kathy Paulson Gjerde

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

This paper is motivated by the claim that promotion probabilities are lower for women than men. Using data from the 1984 and 1989 National Longitudinal Youth Surveys, this paper tests this claim and two related hypotheses concerning training and ability. It is found that females are less likely to be promoted than males, and females receive less training than males. The relationship between promotion and gender varies across occupations, however, suggesting that the alleged glass ceiling faced by women and other minorities in the workplace is not uniform across all labor markets.

The Value Of Achievement And Responses To The Work Environment, Cheryl L. Adkins, Stefanie E. Naumann

Eberhardt School of Business Faculty Articles

The value of achievement has long been thought to relate to job performance; however, we still do not fully understand the process through which this occurs. The present study examined the relationship between achievement and responses to the work environment. Five-hundred-twenty- four sales and service agents at a major firm in the transportation industry participated in the study. Achievement was positively related to perceptions of the work environment, satisfaction with intrinsic aspects of the job, job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and performance. The findings suggest that achievement may serve as a “lens” through which the work environment is viewed.

The Use Of The Concept "Entitlement" In Management Literature: A Historical Review, Synthesis, And Discussion Of Compensation Policy Implications, Stefanie E. Naumann, Barbara D. Minsky, Michael C. Sturman

Eberhardt School of Business Faculty Articles

Individuals' perceptions of what they are entitled to have long been regarded as an important area of debate. We examine the various uses of entitlement perceptions across fields to develop a typology that identifies two dimensions: employee entitlement perceptions and reciprocity in the employee-employer relationship. We discuss how our typology informs management practice. In particular, we describe the implications of our typology on employee reactions to different pay plans. Directions for future research are suggested. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Quality Management, Supply Chain Management, And Just In Time: A Model Of Their Impact On Business Performance, Vijay R. Kannan, K. C. Tan

Management Faculty Publications

Just in time, quality management, and supply chain management have in recent years been proposed as means of improving product quality and responsiveness, while simultaneously reducing cost. The three can also be used as complementary elements of an integrated strategy aimed at improving an organization's competitiveness. This study proposes and tests a structural equation model that examines linkages between just in time, quality management, supply chain management and supplier management, and their impact on business performance. Results show that while just in time, quality and supply chain management efforts are indeed mutually supportive, it is a firm's efforts in the …

The Effects Of Incentives And Audits On Transfer Price Negotiations In A Deflationary Context, Sakthi Mahenthiran

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

This laboratory experiment investigates the effects of a performance incentive scheme and financial audit threats on transfer price negotiations. Three hypotheses are developed, based on a review of transfer pricing, budget-goal setting, incentive, and auditing literatures. Experimental data are gathered over multiple periods of negotiations from forty-eight students, and are analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. The outcome measured is firm profits. The results show that bonus incentive scheme and audit threats have no effect on firm profits. However, the interaction between the performance based bonus incentive scheme and an audit threat is significant. With both management controls, bonus incentive and …

The Cumulative Effects Of Justice Perceptions, Jeffrey A. Miles, Stefanie E. Naumann

Eberhardt School of Business Faculty Articles

We report some evidence that justice perceptions may be cumulative, or act together to bolster or undermine other perceptions. In several instances, procedural and distributive justice perceptions about one procedure were different for those reading about only one procedure and outcome versus those who read about that situation and a second situation. Evidence was also found that individuals may average justice perceptions together for two procedures when forming overall fairness and satisfaction perceptions.

A Case For Procedural Justice Climate: Development And Test Of A Multilevel Model, Stefanie E. Naumann, Nathan Bennett

Eberhardt School of Business Faculty Articles

Current conceptualizations of procedural justice focus largely on the individual level of analysis; no framework exists for examining procedural justice's social context. Empirical tests reported here offer some support for group-level and cross-level hypotheses. Work group perceptions of cohesion and supervisor visibility in demonstrating procedural justice were associated with the development of procedural justice climate. Procedural justice climate was positively associated with helping behaviors after the effects of individual procedural justice perceptions were controlled for.

Understanding Research On Values In Business: A Level Of Analysis Framework, Bradley R. Agle, Craig B. Caldwell

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

Researchers in all management specialties have discussed and investigated the important role values play in personal and organizational phenomena. However, because research on values has been performed in a wide range of social science disciplines and at different levels of analysis, much of thiswork has been uninformed by other work and is neither well integrated nor systematized, resulting in a great deal of confusion concerning the topic. This article attempts to add order and clarity to this area of research by proposing a framework of values research based on level of analysis and by cataloguing and reviewing the vast theoretical …

Organizational Configurations And Performance: A Meta-Analysis, David J. Ketchen, James G. Combs, Craig J. Russell, Chris Shook, Michelle A. Dean, Janet Runge, Franz T. Lohrke, Stefanie E. Naumann, Dawn Ebe Haptonstahl, Robert Baker, Brenden A. Beckstein, Charles Handler, Heather Honig, Stephen Lamoureux

Eberhardt School of Business Faculty Articles

The link between organizational configurations and performance has become a central and somewhat controversial focus of research in the strategic management literature. We statistically aggregated results from 40 original tests of the configurations-performance relationship. In contrast to previous qualitative reviews, this meta-analysis demonstrated that an organization's performance is partially explained by its configuration. Tests of four potential moderators showed that organizations' configurations contributed more to performance explanation to the extent that studies used (1) broad definitions of configurations, (2) single-industry samples, and (3) longitudinal designs. Results highlight the need for programmatic research.

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Domestic Monopoly, Quotas & Contestable Rents, William Rieber

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

In this article, a specific example is given to illustrate that rent seeking can raise welfare under full seeking in general equilibrium: an import quota is levied in the presence of domestic monopoly in the import competing industry. An import quota is considered instead of an import tariff since a tariff confers no market power on the local monopolist. The monopolist still faces a perfectly elastic demand, corresponding now to the world price plus tariff. The introduction of monopoly does not add another distortion to the economy, which is necessary if full rent seeking is to be welfare improving. But …

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