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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Business
Cfo Alert: Do You Know What Your Board Audit Committee Is Up To?, Clarence Goh
Cfo Alert: Do You Know What Your Board Audit Committee Is Up To?, Clarence Goh
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In October 2014, American Realty Capital Properties – one of the largest real estate investment trusts in the US – stunned the market. Its CEO, David Kay, disclosed that the company had overstated its income in the first quarter of the year – and that executives chose not to correct the error in the second quarter “in order to conceal the error.”
Cross-Listings And Corporate Cash Savings: International Evidence, Yuanto Kusnadi
Cross-Listings And Corporate Cash Savings: International Evidence, Yuanto Kusnadi
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This paper examines foreign firms that are cross-listed on the U.S. stock exchanges and finds that they exhibit higher cash savings sensitivity to stock price than their non-cross-listed counterparts. This finding is robust even after controlling for alternative regression specifications and samples, country-level institutional infrastructures, different listing types, and the endogeneity of the cross-listing decision. Further cross-sectional tests reveal that the increase in cash savings sensitivity to stock price is more pronounced for cross-listed firms with stock prices that are more informative, which is consistent with the influence of the managerial learning channel. The empirical evidence sheds more light on …
How Firms Respond To Financial Restatement: Ceo Successors And External Reactions, David Gomulya, Warren Boeker
How Firms Respond To Financial Restatement: Ceo Successors And External Reactions, David Gomulya, Warren Boeker
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Although past studies have paid considerable attention to firms' reputations, few have investigated the actions that firms take following a reputation-damaging event. We identify firms involved in financial earnings restatements and examine whether naming a successor CEO with specific qualities serves to signal the seriousness of a firm's efforts to restore its reputation. Using theories of market signaling, we argue that attributes of successor CEOs significantly influence the reactions of key external constituencies. In particular, firms with more severe restatement tend to name successors who have prior CEO or turnaround experience and a more elite education. The naming of such …
The Inclusion Of General Counsel In Top Management And Tax Avoidance, Beng Wee Goh, Jimmy Lee, Jeffrey Ng
The Inclusion Of General Counsel In Top Management And Tax Avoidance, Beng Wee Goh, Jimmy Lee, Jeffrey Ng
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine whether the inclusion of general counsel in top management is associated with a firm’s tax avoidance. We find that firms with general counsel as part of the top management team have lower GAAP effective tax rate, more uncertain tax positions, a higher likelihood of engaging in tax shelter activities, and more tax haven countries in which the firm reports a significant subsidiary, relative to firms without a general counsel in top management. In addition, we find that among firms with general counsel in top management, tax avoidance is greater when (1) the general counsel has tax-related expertise, (2) …
Dynamic Advantage, Stephen Wyatt
Dynamic Advantage, Stephen Wyatt
Asian Management Insights
Reaping the advantages of a global resource network.
Governance Matter: Morningstar Stewardship Grades And Mutual Fund Performance, Jerry X. Cao, Aurobindo Ghosh, Jeremy Goh, Wee Seng Ng
Governance Matter: Morningstar Stewardship Grades And Mutual Fund Performance, Jerry X. Cao, Aurobindo Ghosh, Jeremy Goh, Wee Seng Ng
Research Collection School Of Economics
Mutual fund investors have the arduous task of disentangling luck from ability of mutual fund managers’ performance. In this paper we investigate the role of mutual fund corporate governance (measured by Morningstar Stewardship grade) in mutual fund performance. We propose an objective data-driven corporate governance score based on principal components of Morningstar Stewardship Grades. Furthermore, we establish corporate governance scores have Granger Causality on long-term risk-adjusted returns. The findings suggest that corporate governance grades of mutual funds carry information content beyond the usual star rating measures for predicting long-term mutual fund performance and provide an effective tool for selecting funds.
Auditor Switching For Opinion Shopping, And Subsequnt Audit Quality And Audit Fee: Evidence From Post-Sox Period, Jong-Hag Choi, Heesun Chung, Catherine Heyjung Sonu, Yoonseok Zang
Auditor Switching For Opinion Shopping, And Subsequnt Audit Quality And Audit Fee: Evidence From Post-Sox Period, Jong-Hag Choi, Heesun Chung, Catherine Heyjung Sonu, Yoonseok Zang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Theory suggests that firms engage in opinion shopping to obtain better audit opinions. However, there is scarce evidence on the economic consequences of the opinion shopping behaviors. In this paper, we examine the effect of auditor switches for opinion shopping on audit quality and audit fees. Using 30,333 firm-year observations over the 2004-2012 period in the U.S., we first document evidence that firms switch their auditors in search for better audit opinions. Next, we find that the audit quality of clients that switch auditors for opinion shopping is significantly lower than that of clients that did not switch auditors or …
Ceo Optimism And Incentive Compensation, Clemens A. Otto
Ceo Optimism And Incentive Compensation, Clemens A. Otto
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
I study the effect of chief executive officer (CEO) optimism on CEO compensation. Usingdata on compensation in US firms, I provide evidence that CEOs whose option exercisebehavior and earnings forecasts are indicative of optimistic beliefs receive smaller stockoption grants, fewer bonus payments, and less total compensation than their peers. Thesefindings add to our understanding of the interplay between managerial biases andremuneration and show how sophisticated principals can take advantage of optimisticagents by appropriately adjusting their compensation contracts.
Internal Control And Operational Efficiency, Qiang Cheng, Beng Wee Goh, Jae Bum Kim
Internal Control And Operational Efficiency, Qiang Cheng, Beng Wee Goh, Jae Bum Kim
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In this study, we examine whether and how internal control over financial reporting affects firmoperational efficiency. We find that operational efficiency, derived from the frontier analysis, issignificantly lower among firms with material weaknesses in internal control relative to firmswithout such weaknesses. We document some evidence suggesting that effective internal controlleads to greater operational efficiency through reducing the likelihood of misappropriation ofcorporate resources and through enhancing the quality of internal reports for decision making.We also document that smaller firms benefit more from having effective internal control in termsof operational efficiency. In addition, we find that the market appears to understand the …
Firm Litigation Risk And The Insurance Value Of Corporate Social Performance, Ping-Sheng Koh, Cuili Qian, Heli Wang
Firm Litigation Risk And The Insurance Value Of Corporate Social Performance, Ping-Sheng Koh, Cuili Qian, Heli Wang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This paper advances the risk management perspective that superior social performance enhances firm value by serving as an ex ante valuable insurance mechanism. We posit that good social performance is more valuable as an insurance mechanism for firms with higher litigation risks. Moreover, value generation of corporate social performance (CSP) depends on whether a firm has gained pragmatic legitimacy (i.e., a firm's financial health) and moral legitimacy (i.e., whether or not a firm operates in a socially contested industry) among its stakeholders. We find that the value of CSP as insurance against litigation risk is practically significant, adding 2 to …
Family Firm Research: A Review, Qiang Cheng
Family Firm Research: A Review, Qiang Cheng
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This article reviews family firm studies in the finance and accounting literature, primarily those conducted using data from the United States and China. Family owners have unique features such as concentrated ownership, long investment horizon, and reputation concerns. Given the distinguishing features of family ownership and control, family firms face unique agency conflicts. We discuss the agency problems in family firms and review the findings of recent family firm studies. We call for more research to understand the unique family effects and encourage more research on Chinese family firms. Part I of the article discusses the fundaments of family firms: …
The Allocation Of Employee Stock Option Proceeds, Xin Chang, Yangyang Chen, Chia Mei Shih, Rong Wang
The Allocation Of Employee Stock Option Proceeds, Xin Chang, Yangyang Chen, Chia Mei Shih, Rong Wang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We separate equity issuance proceeds into two parts: option proceeds generated by employee stock option exercises and non-option proceeds engendered by all other forms of equity issues. We document that over the period 1998-2013, the aggregate amount of option proceeds exceeds that of non-option proceeds for a large sample of U.S. firms. In particular, firms allocate option proceeds predominantly to cash holdings, followed by investment and equity repurchase, while non-option proceeds are mainly allocated to investment and cash holdings. Further analysis shows that financial constraints affect the allocation of equity issuance proceeds by shifting the use of option proceeds away …
Morphing: The Linkage Between Inward Private Equity And Outward Venture, Sunny Li Sun, Hao Liang
Morphing: The Linkage Between Inward Private Equity And Outward Venture, Sunny Li Sun, Hao Liang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Private equity is impacting global economies and competitive landscapes of multinational enterprises (MNEs). In this pioneer research, we first find an important new pattern of globally interfirm connections: the inward private equity investment likes to promote Chinese firms’ outward venture, or an inward-outward linkage. Under this inward-outward linkage, after received investment from private equity, Chinese emerging MNEs are likely to restructure board, rebuild the top management team, reconfiguring resource, reframe the industry structure and alter competitive dynamics, thus, modify their strategies in outward ventures, such as accelerating the internationalization speed, locating more outward ventures in developed economies, and engaging complex …
The Deterrence Effects Of Vicarious Punishments On Corporate Financial Fraud, Daphne W. Yiu, Yuehua Xu, William P. Wan
The Deterrence Effects Of Vicarious Punishments On Corporate Financial Fraud, Daphne W. Yiu, Yuehua Xu, William P. Wan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This study extends the research on corporate financial fraud by developing a new perspective on the deterrence effects of vicarious punishments premised on social learning theory. We posit that firms vicariously learn about punishments from their peers by picking up modeling cues, environmental cues, and social cues in the inhibitive learning process, thus being deterred from committing future fraudulence. Using a matched sample of 604 observations of Chinese listed firms between 2002 and 2008, our findings show that an observing firm is deterred from committing fraud if the peers in its industry are caught and punished. We further find that …
Conservatism And Equity Ownership Of The Founding Family, Shuping Chen, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng
Conservatism And Equity Ownership Of The Founding Family, Shuping Chen, Xia Chen, Qiang Cheng
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We investigate the impact of founding family ownership on accounting conservatism. Family ownership is characterised by large, under-diversified equity stake and long investment horizon. These features give family owners both the incentives and the ability to implement conservative financial reporting to reduce legal liability and mitigate agency conflicts with other stakeholders. Since CEOs can have different incentives towards conservatism, we focus on ownership of non-CEO founding family members in our investigation. We find that conservatism increases with non-CEO family ownership, supporting our prediction. This relationship becomes insignificant in family firms with founders serving as CEOs, either due to founder CEOs' …
Should Singapore Adopt 'Say On Pay'?, Clarence Goh
Should Singapore Adopt 'Say On Pay'?, Clarence Goh
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
SoP may require disclosures that could harm a firm's competitive interests.
Should Singapore Adopt 'Say On Pay'?, Clarence Goh
Should Singapore Adopt 'Say On Pay'?, Clarence Goh
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
SoP may require disclosures that could harm a firm's competitive interests.
Managerial Expertise, Corporate Decisions, And Firm Value: Evidence From Corporate Refocusing, Sheng Huang
Managerial Expertise, Corporate Decisions, And Firm Value: Evidence From Corporate Refocusing, Sheng Huang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This paper investigates how managerial expertise—specifically, industry expertise—affects firm value through divestiture. Using CEOs’ managerial experiences in industries throughout their careers as a measure of their industry expertise, I find that CEOs in diversified conglomerates are more likely to divest divisions in industries in which they have less experience. This finding is consistent with CEOs who divest such divisions in order to refocus on those divisions in which they have specialized—that is, to achieve a better match between their expertise and their firms’ retained assets. Firms that divest for a better CEO-firm match experience significant improvements in operating performance, as …
Board Interlock Networks And The Use Of Relative Performance Evaluation, Qian Hao, Nan Hu, Ling Liu, Lee J. Yao
Board Interlock Networks And The Use Of Relative Performance Evaluation, Qian Hao, Nan Hu, Ling Liu, Lee J. Yao
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore how networks of boards of directors affect relative performance evaluation (RPE) in chief executive officer (CEO) compensation. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, the authors propose that an interlocking network is an important inter-corporate setting, which has a bearing on whether boards decide to use RPE in CEO compensation. They adopt four typical graph measures to depict the centrality/position of each board in the interlock network: degree, betweenness, eigenvector and closeness, and study their impacts on RPE use. Findings - The authors find that firms that have more connected board members …
The Triangular Relationship Between Audit Committee Characteristics, Audit Inputs, And Financial Reporting Quality, Jae Bum Kim, Benjamin Segal, Dan Segal, Yoonseok Zang
The Triangular Relationship Between Audit Committee Characteristics, Audit Inputs, And Financial Reporting Quality, Jae Bum Kim, Benjamin Segal, Dan Segal, Yoonseok Zang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Using the exogenous reforms to audit committees mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and a difference-in-difference approach, we examine the impact of changes in audit committee attributes (financial expertise, size, and independence) on firms’ audit inputs and financial reporting quality. Firms directly affected by the reforms experienced a larger improvement in audit inputs (measured by audit fees and the appointment of an industry specialist auditor) and a larger increase in financial reporting quality (measured by restatements of financial reports) relative to firms that were already compliant. Importantly, we find that the decline in restatements is not related to the …
Societal Trust And Corporate Tax Avoidance, Kiridaran Kanagaretnam, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo
Societal Trust And Corporate Tax Avoidance, Kiridaran Kanagaretnam, Jimmy Lee, Chee Yeow Lim, Gerald J. Lobo
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
Using an international sample of firms and a country-level index for societal trust, we study how differences in trust across countries relate to corporate tax avoidance. Consistent with our prediction, we find strong evidence that societal trust is negatively associated with corporate tax avoidance by firms, even after controlling for other determinants such as home country tax system characteristics. We also explore the effects of three country-level institutional characteristics – level of investor protection, disclosure requirement, and tax enforcement – on the relation between societal trust and tax avoidance. We predict and find that the effects of trust on tax …
Activist Directors: Determinants And Consequences, Ian D Gow, Sa-Pyung Sean Shin, Suraj Srinivasan
Activist Directors: Determinants And Consequences, Ian D Gow, Sa-Pyung Sean Shin, Suraj Srinivasan
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
This paper examines the determinants and consequences of hedge fund activism with a focuson activist directors, i.e., those directors appointed in response to demands by activists.Using a sample of 1,969 activism events over the period 2004–2012, we identify 824 activistdirectors. We find that activists are more likely to gain board seats at smaller firms and thosewith weaker stock price performance. Activists remain as shareholders longer when they haveboard seats, with holding periods consistent with conventional notions of “long-term” institutionalinvestors. As in prior research, we find positive announcement-period returns of around4–5% when a firm is targeted by activists, and a 2% …
Managers' Pay Duration And Voluntary Disclosures, Qiang Cheng, Young Jun Cho, Jae Bum Kim
Managers' Pay Duration And Voluntary Disclosures, Qiang Cheng, Young Jun Cho, Jae Bum Kim
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In this paper, we examine the effect of managers’ pay duration on firms’ voluntary disclosures. Pay duration refers to the average period that it takes for managers’ annual compensation to vest. We hypothesize and find that pay duration can incentivize managers to provide more bad news earnings forecasts. This result holds after controlling for the level of stock-based compensation and the endogeneity of pay duration. In addition, we find that the effect of pay duration is more pronounced for firms with weaker governance and for firms with a more opaque information environment, where the marginal benefits of additional disclosures are …
Causes And Consequences Of Corporate Asset Exchanges By Listed Companies In China, Fang Lou, Jiwei Wang, Hongqi Yuan
Causes And Consequences Of Corporate Asset Exchanges By Listed Companies In China, Fang Lou, Jiwei Wang, Hongqi Yuan
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
China's listed companies often exchange corporate assets with their parent companies. We find that listed companies that have been incompletely restructured from former state-owned enterprises and in sound financial condition tend to exchange higher quality assets for lower quality assets (i.e., tunneling). However, when there is a need to avoid reporting a loss and to raise additional capital, listed companies tend to exchange lower quality assets for higher quality assets (i.e., propping). We also find that the market reacts indifferently to asset exchange announcements. Finally, we find asset exchanges motivated by a tunneling (propping) incentive to be associated with poorer …
Short Sellers And Corporate Disclosures, Qiang Cheng, Xia Chen, Ting Luo, Heng Yue
Short Sellers And Corporate Disclosures, Qiang Cheng, Xia Chen, Ting Luo, Heng Yue
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
We examine how short sellers affect corporate disclosures using a natural experiment. From May 2005 to July 2007, the SEC implemented a pilot program by randomly selecting one third of Russell 3000 stocks and removing the short sale price tests for these stocks (referred to as pilot firms), leading to lower short-selling constraint, without changing the requirement for other firms (referred to as control firms). We compare the change in corporate disclosures between the pilot firms and the control firms during this period. We find that compared to the control firms, the pilot firms are more likely to issue good …
Wealth Management In Singapore, Francis Koh
Wealth Management In Singapore, Francis Koh
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
As early as 2015, Singapore may oust Switzerland as the world’s top finance hub. But the path forward requires adjustments in the strategic direction of individual firms. Wealth management in Singapore is vibrant, growing, challenging.
The Role Of Deferred Pay In Retaining Managerial Talent, Radhakrishnan Gopalan, Sheng Huang, Johan Maharjan
The Role Of Deferred Pay In Retaining Managerial Talent, Radhakrishnan Gopalan, Sheng Huang, Johan Maharjan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examine the role of deferred vesting of stock and option grants in reducing executive turnover. To the extent an executive forfeits all unvested stock and option grants if she leaves the firm, deferred vesting will increase the cost (to the executive) of early exit. Using pay Duration proposed in Gopalan, et al., (forthcoming) as a measure of the length of managerial pay, we find that CEOs and non-CEO executives with longer pay Duration are less likely to leave the firm voluntarily. Employing the vesting of a large prior-year stock/option grant as an instrument for Duration, we find the effect …
An Examination Of Earnings Surprises For Urban And Rural Firms, Bok Baik, Jong-Hag Choi, Yoonseok Zang
An Examination Of Earnings Surprises For Urban And Rural Firms, Bok Baik, Jong-Hag Choi, Yoonseok Zang
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
In this paper, we examine the association between firm location and management’s opportunistic financial reporting at earnings announcements. Because of investors’ preference for local stocks and the existence of large investment communities in urban areas, firms located in urban areas (i.e., urban firms) tend to have a higher level of visibility and attention. We predict that this tendency in turn motivates urban firms to opportunistically behave in an earnings surprises game. Consistent with our prediction, we find that (1) urban firms are more likely to report non-negative earnings surprises than rural firms; (2) urban firms are more likely to report …
Active Cds Trading And Managers’ Voluntary Disclosure, Jae Bum Kim, Pervin K. Shroff, Dushyantk Umar Vyas, Regina Wittenber
Active Cds Trading And Managers’ Voluntary Disclosure, Jae Bum Kim, Pervin K. Shroff, Dushyantk Umar Vyas, Regina Wittenber
Research Collection School Of Accountancy
No abstract provided.
Speaking Of Corporate Social Responsibility, Hao Liang, Christopher Marquis, Luc Renneboog, Sunny Li Sun
Speaking Of Corporate Social Responsibility, Hao Liang, Christopher Marquis, Luc Renneboog, Sunny Li Sun
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We argue that the language spoken by corporate decision makers influences their firms’ social responsibility and sustainability practices. Linguists suggest that obligatory future-time-reference (FTR) in a language reduces the psychological importance of the future. Prior research has shown that speakers of strong FTR languages (such as English, French, and Spanish) exhibit less future-oriented behavior (Chen, 2013). Yet, research has not established how this mechanism may affect the future-oriented activities of corporations. We theorize that companies with strong-FTR languages as their official/working language would have less of a future orientation and so perform worse in future-oriented activities such as corporate social …