Business Commons^™

An Invitation To Accounting - Causation And Choice, Shyam Sunder

Shyam Sunder

No abstract provided.

Beating Market Expectations, Analysts’ Forecasts Dispersion And The Pricing Of Credit Default Swaps, Mauricio A. Melgarejo

Mauricio Melgarejo

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of beating analysts’ forecasts and the impact of analysts’ forecast dispersion on the pricing of firms’ credit default swaps (CDSs). CDS premium is the compensation required by investors for bearing firms’ credit default risk. Sell-side analysts collect market, industry and firm information and provide important information in the form of stock recommendations, stock price targets and accounting number forecasts. For that reason, the information contained in their forecasts may provide additional information to investors to price CDSs. My results show that firms that beat analysts’ earnings and revenue forecasts, and …

Does Beating Cash Flow Benchmarks Reduce The Cost Of Debt?, Mauricio A. Melgarejo

Mauricio Melgarejo

This paper examines whether beating previous year cash flow values and analysts' cash flow forecasts impact the firms' cost of debt. Creditors are expected to be more concerned about firm solvency than firm profitability. Accordingly, if lenders have any reference point it may be related to cash flow numbers. This study finds that firms that beat analysts' cash flow forecasts have smaller initial bond yield spreads in the next period and a decrease in their initial bond yield spreads between consecutive periods. This effect is more pronounced at short maturities and for observations with less informative earnings. Firms with lower …

The Stock Market’S Reaction To Accounting Information: The Case Of The Latin American Integrated Market Abstract, Mauricio A. Melgarejo, Eduardo Montiel, Luis Sanz

Mauricio Melgarejo

The purpose of this paper is to explore the stock market’s reaction to quarterly financial statements. We focus our study in two countries that are participating in the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA): Peru and Chile. We find that the cumulative abnormal returns and the absolute value of the cumulative abnormal trading are explained principally by the quarterly earnings surprises around the financial statements release date. We find that these effects are more pronounced in small firms, confirming that due to the lower level of pre disclosure information accounting numbers are the main source of information. Key words: Accounting Information, …

Nevada Continues To Lead Delaware And All Other States And Jurisdictions In 2014 Securities And Exchange Commission Trading Suspensions, Anthony J. Cataldo Ii, Xi (Cici) Cheng, Paul Christ, Thomas Miller

Paul Christ

No abstract provided.

Nevada Continues To Lead Delaware And All Other States And Jurisdictions In 2014 Securities And Exchange Commission Trading Suspensions, Anthony J. Cataldo Ii, Xi (Cici) Cheng, Paul Christ, Thomas Miller

Thomas Miller

No abstract provided.

More Evidence Of The Nevada Effect: Sec, Doj, Fbi, And Irs Regulatory Enforcement Actions, Anthony J. Cataldo Ii, Lori Fuller, Thomas Miller

Thomas Miller

No abstract provided.

Understanding Individual Tax Compliance: Advanced Deductions And Related Issues, Kevin E. Flynn, Phyllis Belak, Glenn S. Soltis

Kevin Flynn

We present a realistic, complex, flexible, classroom-friendly tax case study that is designed to be a late semester comprehensive assignment in a student’s federal income tax education. The assignment could be used as a template when teaching students how to prepare a federal individual income tax return using the actual forms and schedules prepared by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). This case is relevant for two reasons: 1) it is contemporary in that it consists of the most recent tax year (2013), and 2) it is highly useful as it comprehensively examines concepts typically covered in the later chapters of …

Social Norms, Risk And Financial Reporting, Shyam Sunder

Shyam Sunder

No abstract provided.

Better Financial Reporting: Meaning And Means, Shyam Sunder

Shyam Sunder

No abstract provided.

Master’S In Accounting Program Receives $25k For Endowed Scholarship Fund, Danny A. Pannese

Danny Pannese

State Contract Law And The Use Of Accounting Information In Debt Contracts

Sunay Mutlu

Nol Poison Pills: Using Corporate Law For Tax Purposes, Sarah J. Webber, Karie Davis-Nozemack

Sarah J Webber

Hundreds of thousands of corporations report net operating loss (NOL) carryovers every year.1 Corporations, with the benefit of NOL rules, may turn disappointing losses into favorable tax results. During economic recovery, corporations are in better position to fully utilize the benefits of NOLs generated in prior years. NOL usage is not without peril, however. Corporations should carefully monitor corporate ownership changes to ensure that NOLs are not lost to the NOL trafficking rules. Under the NOL trafficking rules, excessive shareholder turnover triggers substantial NOL limitations. Unfortunately, corporations are not in control of their shareholder turnover, and therefore not in complete …

Audit Committee Incentive Compensation And Accounting Restatements, Deborah Archambeault, F. Todd Dezoort, Dana Hermanson

Deborah Archambeault

This study investigates whether incentive-based compensation for audit committee members is associated with accounting restatements. We use an agency framework to predict that short-term (long-term) incentive compensation for audit committee members will increase (decrease) the likelihood of accounting restatements due to error or fraud. Using a matched-sample logistic regression with 153 restatement and 153 nonrestatement companies, we find the predicted positive relation between short-term incentive compensation (short-term stock option grants) for audit committee members and likelihood of restatement. However, the long-term incentive compensation results contradict prediction and indicate a significant positive relation between audit committee member long-term incentive compensation {long-term …

Audit Committee Effectiveness: A Synthesis Of The Empirical Audit Committee Literature, F. Todd Dezoort, Dana R. Hermanson, Deborah S. Archambeault, Scott A. Reed

Deborah Archambeault

The article describes the factors that contribute to audit committee effectiveness. An effective audit committee has qualified members with the authority and resources to protect stakeholder interests by ensuring reliable financial reporting, internal controls, and risk management through its diligent oversight efforts. The determinants of audit committee effectiveness includes the audit committee composition, authority, resources and diligence. The major U.S. stock exchanges require that audit committees be composed of at least three independent, financially literate directors. Team issues also are relevant when considering audit committee composition. The audit committee derives its authority from the full board of directors, federal law …

Better Financial Reporting: Meanings And Means1, Shyam Sunder

Shyam Sunder

Fin 48: The Impact On Staffing, Internal Control Processes And Expertise Of Privately-Held Companies, Reed Kirschling, Michael Akers

Michael D. Akers

While FASB Interpretation 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-An Interpretation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 109, Accounting for Income Taxes applies to both privately-held and publicly traded companies, privately-held companies have characteristics that can impact implementation. This paper reports the findings of a survey of the top 100 privately-held companies to determine how these organizations are addressing the staffing of tax department personnel, process controls and knowledge acquisition during the implementation of FIN 48.

International Perception Of Corruption, Bina Menon, Michael Akers

Michael D. Akers

The discussion of corruption and bribery in most auditing textbooks focuses only on the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act which is an amendment to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As the US moves toward the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and international auditing standards, an understanding of international legislation pertaining to corruption and the perception of corruption in specific countries are important. This paper provides an overview of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Anti-bribery Convention. While prior literature has discussed the impact of both the FCPA and OECD …

Review Of Modern Auditing, Michael Akers

Michael D. Akers

No abstract provided.

An Empirical Analysis Of Cash Flow, Working Capital, And The Stability Of Financial Ratio Groups In The Hospital Industry, David Chun, Terrell Zollinger, Anne Kelly, Robert Sawyer

Anne Kelly

Hospitals are facing stringent financial constraints as well as proposed changes in their financial reporting. Three issues were explored: (a) whether hospital financial ratio groups differed from industrial firm financial ratio groups found in previous studies; (b) whether hospital financial ratio groups remained stable over a five-year period 1983–1987; and (c) whether there was a difference between working capital flow, cash flow, and net income plus depreciation as alternative hospital asset flow measures. The results of our study confirmed the existence of five hospital ratio groups that were identical to industrial ratio groups. A separate Cash Flow group emerged for …

Assessing Accountability In U.S. Public Education, Anne Kelly, J. Orris

Anne Kelly

Public education accountability rests almost exclusively with schools rather than governments. This paper explores its three dimensions: economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. Performance indicators of these dimensions were developed which facilitated testing of significant differences in means over time using analysis of variance. Only salary and wage expenditures per instruction personnel exhibited greater economy. Instructional equipment per pupil was related to increased efficiency. Several indicators suggested enhanced effectiveness. Student/teacher ratio declined and top performers in public schools improved in achievement. Graduation rate, an indicator of achievement and participation, significantly rose in recent years. In summary, several effectiveness indicators revealed encouraging trends …

The Impact Of Group Selection On Student Performance And Satisfaction, Sakthi Mahenthiran, Pamela Rouse

Pamela J. Rouse

Investigates whether the performance and attitudes of students could be improved by giving them some control over the group selection process. Groups were formed either by randomly combining paired friends or by randomly assigning all students. Students completed a group exercise and a group case. The dependent variables were the project grades and student satisfaction. Student satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire. The results show that attitudes of students were more positive when they were allowed to choose a single friend in the group. The project grades were significantly higher when students were paired, and this result was true regardless …

Financial Reporting Quality And The Choice Of Monitoring Mechanisms In Debt Contracts: Evidence From Borrowing Base Restrictions

Sunay Mutlu

Filelocal: Unified Business Licensing Tax Filing Portal, Joshua Zender

Joshua Zender

Education At The Root Of Accounting Excellence, Joshua Zender

Joshua Zender

Some Conceptual Tensions In Financial Reporting, Yuri Biondi, Karim Jamal, James Ohlson, Stephen Penman, Eiko Tsujiyama, Shyam Sunder

Shyam Sunder

Client Size, Auditor Specialization And Fraudulent Financial Reporting, Joseph Carcello, Albert Nagy

Albert Nagy

This study examines the effect that client size has on the relation between industry-specialist auditors and fraudulent financial reporting. Most of the major accounting firms have organized their audit practices along industry lines, reflecting a belief that industry specialization leads to higher quality audits. Furthermore, regulatory bodies and extant research suggests that larger clients have greater bargaining power and are more likely to be able to convince the auditor to acquiesce to aggressive accounting. Also, it may be more difficult for an auditor to possess industry expertise for larger clients who are likely to be more complex and operate in …

Audit Firm Tenure And Fraudulent Financial Reporting, Joseph Carcello, Albert Nagy

Albert Nagy

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) required the U.S. Comptroller General to study the potential effects of requiring mandatory audit firm rotation. The General Accounting Office (GAO) concludes in its recently released study of mandatory audit firm rotation that “mandatory audit firm rotation may not be the most efficient way to strengthen auditor independence” (GAO 2003, Highlights). However, the GAO also suggests that mandatory audit firm rotation could be necessary if the Sarbanes-Oxley Act's requirements do not lead to improved audit quality (GAO 2003, 5).We examine the relation between audit firm tenure and fraudulent financial reporting. Comparing firms cited for fraudulent reporting …

Can The Financialised Atmosphere Be Effectively Regulated And Accounted For?, Patty Mcnicholas, Carolyn Windsor

Carolyn Windsor

Purpose – This paper aims to carry out a critical analysis of the proposed Australian emissions trading scheme (ETS) as a complex market solution to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs). Specifically it seeks to examine the financial regulatory infrastructure that will more than likely oversee the Australian ETS, the same regulatory infrastructure which failed to prevent the global financial crisis.Design/methodology/approach – A critical examination of the financialisation of the atmosphere that follows the growth of the financialisation of capitalism when economic activity shifted from production and service sectors to finance. Financialisation of capitalism is supported by capitalist regulation influenced by neo-liberal …

Cross-Country Evidence On The Preliminary Effects Of Patent Box Regimes On Patent Activity And Ownership, Sebastien J. Bradley, Estelle Dauchy, Leslie Robinson

Sebastien J Bradley

This paper evaluates the initial impacts of patent box regimes in light of their primary stated objectives: stimulating domestic innovation and retaining mobile patent income to limit base erosion. Despite their lack of nexus requirements, we find that patent box regimes yield a 3 percent increase in new patent applications for every percentage point reduction in the tax rate on patent income. We find no significant impact of these regimes on deterring outward cross-border attribution of patent ownership, or on attracting ownership of foreign inventions. Increased patenting activity hence appears focused on inventions involving co-located (domestic) patent owners and inventors.