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Full-Text Articles in History of Gender
The Third Gender And Ælfric's Lives Of Saints, Rhonda L. Mcdaniel
The Third Gender And Ælfric's Lives Of Saints, Rhonda L. Mcdaniel
Richard Rawlinson Center Series
In The Third Gender, McDaniel addresses the idea of the "third gender" in early hagiography and Latin treatises on virginity and then examines Ælfric's treatment of gender in his translations of Latin monastic Lives for his non-monastic audiences. She first investigates patristic ideas about a "third gender" by describing this concept within the theoretical frameworks of monasticism provided by the four Latin Doctors and illustrated in the early Latin Lives of Roman martyrs, revealing the importance of memory in the construction of the monastic "third gender." In the second section McDaniel turns to creating a historical and theological cultural …
More Than One Way To Measure: Masculinity In The Zurkaneh Of Safavid Iran, Zachary T. Smith
More Than One Way To Measure: Masculinity In The Zurkaneh Of Safavid Iran, Zachary T. Smith
The Hilltop Review
The zurkhaneh of early modern Safavid Iran was an institution where men undertook physical training, in some ways reminiscent of a modern-day gymn. This paper attempts to theorize the zurkhaneh as a public space in which primarily non-elite men participated in the social economy of early modern Safavid Iran based upon their pursuit of the ideal of javanmardi, or young manliness. To accomplish this, this paper will combine the themes of publicity, the social utility of the body, and the authority of textuality with an examination of the physical culture of the zurkhaneh to theorize the utility, representation, and …