Diplomatic History Commons^™

“As The Developing Situation Warrants”: U.S. Counterterrorism Policy Considered Through The 1994 Gerry Adams Visa Debate, Olivia T. Sullivan

Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal

This thesis analyzes the 1994 U.S. decision to grant Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams a visa and what it reveals about American counterterrorism policy in the immediate post–Cold War period. Long suspected of senior involvement in the Provisional Irish Republican Army during the Troubles (1968–1998), Adams had previously been denied entry under terrorism-related immigration provisions. His case became a flashpoint inside the U.S. government: officials debated whether diplomatic opportunity, domestic political incentives, and momentum toward peace in Northern Ireland warranted a departure from the prior “no concessions” posture toward IRA-linked figures. Situating the controversy within U.S. terrorism discourse from the …

An Alternative To Armageddon: O.P. Weyland And The Development Of Tactical Air Power, Paul Wells

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Theorists and advocates of air power argued that aircraft, not ground forces, would become the dominant platform for victory in war. They promoted the concept of strategic bombing, using aircraft to bypass ground forces and directly attack a nation's industrial capacity to wage war, hoping to ensure quick victory and avoid a repeat of the prolonged slaughter in the trenches of WWI. In 1947, led by advocates of strategic bombing, the United States Air Force (USAF) became an independent and equal branch of the U.S. military. The USAF developed the Strategic Air Command (SAC) to meet the requirements of the …

Making A Victim: The Quest To Define Austria In A Cold War Context, Katherine E. White

The Cardinal Edge

When the Second World War concluded, the Allied Powers were left with the complicated question of how to deal with the territories that they had occupied on their march to Berlin. Of all the territories conquered by Germany under Nazi rule, Austria proved to be one of the most difficult and polarizing to define. It towed the line between victim and accomplice, having endorsed its own annexation to Germany in 1938. For ten years after the war’s end, the Allied Powers occupied Austria, locked in a stalemate over the country’s fate. This paper examines how the various occupying powers, in …

Turkish Eyes For America: How Turkey Embraced The United States In The Interwar Period, Jack Goodwin

The Ozark Historical Review

This research discusses the unique relationship developed between the United States and Turkey between world wars and invites us to reconsider the popular understanding of the United States’ place in Turkey and questions the ways American officials believed were the most effective at spreading their national ideals and culture.

Interservice Rivalry: Examining The Relationships Between The Intelligence Organizations Of The Navy, The Army And The Oss In China 1939-1943, Samuel G. Peterson

The Ozark Historical Review

Intelligence gathering had a profound impact on WWII. In war-torn China, the US Navy, the Army, and the fledgling OSS contested with each other during the Chinese Nationalists’ fight against the Japanese Empire. The stories of the OSS, the Navy and the Army in China have all, until now, been told from three distinct but interrelated points of view. With each study solely based on a particular organization, bias toward others is inevitable. By synthesizing the sources together and weaving the different interpretations of events simultaneously, a clearer picture of the interdepartmental struggles can be seen. The primary goal of …

Reagan, Thatcher, And The Diplomacy Of Sdi, Tim Anglea

The Ozark Historical Review

This article utilizes new sources released through the Margaret Thatcher Foundation and The National Archives of the United Kingdom, which contain an extensive record of correspondence by the prime minister on most international issues. While the sources necessarily approach SDI from a British perspective, they also detail wider European opinion towards Reagan’s initiative. Both Thatcher and other NATO allies shared many of the same questions and concerns regarding SDI. How would SDI impact arms control negotiations with the Soviet Union? Would SDI lead to a decoupling of the United States from Europe? And, most importantly, would the adoption of SDI …

Religious Freedom In The Ussr After The Russian Orthodox Church Restoration In September 1943: Us Viewpoint, Eduard Khodun

Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe

The article deals with the reaction of American society to changes in the religious policy of the Soviet Union during World War II. After the reestablishment of the Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church in September 1943, assessments of the state of religious freedom in the USSR ranged from optimistic, which considered this event as a relaxation of restrictions or even the beginning of a new type of relationship between the regime and religious communities, to deep skepticism, which was determined by the awareness of the true motives and goals of the Soviet leadership. The Kremlin's decision was seen as …

Casar Public Lecture: Will Trump End The Ukraine War?, The Prince Alwaleed Center For American Studies And Research Casar

Performances, Events, and Presentations

Trump wants to become the world’s Peace Maker, the Master of the Art of Making Deals. He promised to end this war in 24 hours. Yet the real question is whether Putin wants to end the war, or whether he is ready for a deal ? If so, then what kind of a deal? Could it be that Putin might have a different deal in mind than the deal Trump is willing to offer?? So what happens then??? The lecture deliberated about the possible answers to this very question from several perspectives, analyzing the impact on Egypt, the region & …

The Rise And Fall Of Caribbean Piracy: A Socio-Technical Analysis Of The War Of Spanish Succession, Maritime Innovation, And Edward Randolf’S Policy, Dominique M. Salinski

Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History

This paper argues that the mode and historical context in which piracy ascended in the Caribbean after the War of the Spanish Succession, as well as the historical interrelation between maritime technology and pirate tactics, coalesced into a diachronic Damocles Sword that resulted in the downfall of piracy in the Golden Age. Sanctioning piratical enterprises as a subconventional maritime strategy displayed a geopolitical reliance on piracy by great powers. However, the depraved treatment conventional sailors received across all major European navies generated a social stratum that eventually bore the Golden Age of Piracy, while simultaneously contributing significantly to British naval …

Impact Of Nato Enlargement On Eastern Europe Security: Case Study Of Ukraine War, Heeyoung Chae

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In a situation where Russia attacked Ukraine in 2022, the role and the major dilemma of NATO is rediscovered. The blame is that while NATO had expanded its power towards the East European countries, it had provoked Russia to react to the threat of the NATO enlargement process. Within this background, this research’s objective is to examine the impact of the NATO enlargement in Eastern Europe related to the case of the Ukraine war, within the lens of Eastern European citizens’ perception of their security and NATO. The research aims to answer the role of NATO in securing the preservation …

Searching Govinfo.Gov/, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

This U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO) database provides access to information legal, legislative, and regulatory information produced on multiple subjects by the U.S. Government. Content includes congressional bills, congressional committee hearings and prints (studies), reports on legislation, the text of laws, regulations, and executive orders and multiple U.S. Government information resources covering subjects from accounting to zoology.

Beyond “The Forgotten War”: A Multidimensional Exploration Of The Korean War And Its Enduring Impact, Matthew Weishaupt

History - Master of Arts in Teaching

I. Synthesis Essay...................3

II. Primary Sources................20

III. Textbook Critique..............30

IV. New Textbook Entry..........34

V. Bibliography.......................40

Historical Evolution Of The Late 20th-Century Maritime Claims, The Concept Of The Nine-Dash Line, And The Dispute In The South China Sea, Kamil Nowak

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study discusses the origins and development of the South China Sea dispute. It briefly analyzes the overlapping maritime claims, their justifications and legal aspects, and key clashes between the actors across the second half of the 20th century. It uses a historical perspective to assess the present-day conflict. The study discusses the impact of international agreements, national policies, claimants' domestic factors, and external influences connected to the geopolitical situation of the period to determine how they influenced the dispute. The analysis reveals that amidst more pressing global events, the South China Sea issue was frequently overlooked by the international …

Amjambo Africa! (January 2023), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

War in eastern DRC ............2-3

Updates from Africa ................4

Depression/refugee camps...... 5

Editorial .....................................6

Amjambo Arts: Phuc Tran ......7

Advice: Someone to trust .....8-9

In 7 languages

Notable inaugurations .....10-11

Coastal resilience ...................11

All about the Workforce ........12

Financial literacy/New Year ..12

Legislative Update ..................13

MCA Giraffe awards ..............14

Tips & Info ..............................15

Year in Review .................. 16-17

Health & Wellness.......18-23, 25

Protecting vision

Health in winter

In 7 languages

Portland Adult Ed. .................27

Abolitionist movement ..........27

Languages are similar ............27

Ukrainian perspective ...........28

Amjambo Africa! (December 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Amjambo Arts ..........................2

Holiday Greetings .................... 3

Education .................................. 4

Domestic Violence ...................5

Editorial .....................................6

Tips & Info ................................7

World Market Basket ...............8

Chance to Advance ..................9

Updates from Africa ..............10

Refugee Camp in Uganda .....11

All about the Workforce ........12

Legislative Update .............13-15

In 7 languages

Election Season..................16-17

Health & Wellness........18-23,25

In 7 languages

Financial Literacy/Cars .........24

Service Org. columns....... 26-27

Ukraine/New Voices ..............28

COCOMaine: New Leader ....29

The Papua Conflict: The Different Perspectives Of The Indonesian Government And International Communities—Review From The English School Theory, Mohamad Rosyidin, Andi Akhmad Basith Dir, Fendy Eko Wahyudi

Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional

The West Papuan issue has become a flashpoint of conflict between Indonesia and the international community. However, studies on this subject have never been concerned about the causal root of differences between Indonesia and the international community over the West Papuan issue. There has not been a theoretical account of how this issue is framed in international politics. Existing literature tends to overlook the fundamental narrative, that is, the contrasting view between Indonesia and those who support West Papuan freedom. This paper aims to analyse the root cause of this debate. Using the English School approach in international relations, this …

Amjambo Africa! (November 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Nigerian Community .............. 2

Amjambo Arts.......................... 3

Moonglade .............................4-5

Education ..................................6

Publisher’s editorial ..................7

Financial literacy ..........8-13, 19

In 7 languages

World Market Basket ......14-15

Election special .................16-17

All about the Workforce ........18

Community Happenings ...... 20

News from Africa. .............22-23

Health&Wellness. ..............24-31

Topic: Loneliness

In 7 languages

Community columns .......32-33

New Voices ........................34-35

Tips & Info ........................36-37

Afghan Adjustment Act ........ 38

Amjambo Africa! (October 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Election special .....................2-3

Moonglade .............................4-5

Amjambo Arts.......................... 6

Credential equivalencies ....8-10

In 7 languages

Ask the doctor ........................11

In 7 languages

Housing update ......................12

Editorial ...................................13

Market Basket ................... 14-15

Beautiful Blackbird .......... 16-17

All about the Workforce ........18

Community Happenings..20-21

News from Africa ..............22-23

Health & Wellness .............24-31

In 7 languages

Community columns .............32

Financial literacy ....................33

New Voices columns ........34-35

Tips & Info ........................36-37

Amjambo Africa! (September 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Moonglade............................. 4-5

Education............................. 6-10

In 7 languages

General Assistance ...........11-13

In 7 languages

Market Basket ...................14-15

All about the Workforce ........18

Community Happenings ......20

Amjambo Arts ........................21

Ugandan athletes ....................22

Rwandan hero .........................23

Health & Wellness.............24-31

In 7 languages

International & Maine updates .................... 33

New Voices feature........... 34-35

Financial literacy ....................35

Nonprofit updates ............36-37

Tips & Info.............................. 38

Amjambo Africa! (August 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Amjambo Arts ......................2/3

Moonglade .............................4/5

Education .............................6-10

Free Community College

In 7 languages

Immigration fraud .................12

In 7 languages

Market Basket ...................14/15

Tips & Info ..............................16

All about the Workforce ........18

Community Happenings .20/21

Girls & women in Africa........22

Central America news ...........24

Health&Wellness. ..............26-27

In 7 languages

Service organization columns 32

Financial literacy ....................33

New Voices feature ...........34/35

Nonprofit updates .............36/37

Amjambo Africa! (July 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Amjambo Arts ......................2/3

Adama Delphine Fawundu Arisa White • Genius Black

Education ..................................4

Youth Fellowship Moonglade ................................ 5

4th of July • Hanji Chang

APIDA books for kids

Editorial & Letters.................... 6

Tips & info ...........................8-15

Fully translated

Useful info: Stimulus checks,

Resources, Marijuana, scams World Market Basket .............16

Farm market in Wales All about the workforce... 18/19

Licensing • Networking Community Happenings..20/21

News from Africa .......22/23/36

Congo Basin • Rwanda Ethiopia • DRC

Health & Wellness ............24-30

Lead poisoning - Fully Translated

Ask the Doctor • COVID Monkeypox • Suicide prevention

Community org. columns ....32

Financial …

Amjambo Africa! (June 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue Education ..................................3

Moonglade .............................4/5

Publisher’s editorial ..................7

Financial literacy: what is Credit .................8-13

In 7 languages Market Basket ..................14/15

Tips&Info ................................16

Lead in soil ..............................17

All about the Workforce ..18/19

Community Happenings .20/21

photos from community events

News from Africa .............22/36

Health&Wellness ...............24-31

Bridging the healthcare gap

In 7 languages

Columns .......................32/33/39

Nonprofit Organizations

Ask the D.A.

Let’s Talk/ELL

New Voices columns ........34/35

To The Shores Of Tripoli: A Barbary Retrospective, Kathleen J. Brett

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

The First and Second Barbary Wars were incredibly influential in shaping the diplomatic and military tactics of the early United States. These wars were fought against the Barbary states of Tripoli, Tunis, Morocco, and Algiers, located on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. The First Barbary War lasted between the years of 1801 to 1805. The First Barbary War began due to the United States’ desire to no longer pay tribute sums to the Barbary states, along with an increase in the number American merchantmen captured and enslaved by the Barbary states. Tripoli served as the primary aggressor in the …

Amjambo Africa! (May 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue Moonglade .............................2/3

Boys and Girls Club program .4

Color of Climate .......................5

Kwibuka..................................... 6

New Voices ................................7

Financial literacy ...........8-11/33

Market Basket ...................14/15

Karkangee drink

Coffee in Burundi

rice in Maine

Update from Augusta ............16

Revolution from Afar ............17

On being Black ......................18

Armenian genocide ...............18

Scots-Irish immigrants ..........19

Community happenings ..20/21

Photos from community events Tips & Info .............................. 22

Health&Wellness. ..............24-31

Sexually Transmitted disease

Tuberculosis

Ask the doctor In english & translation

Columns ..................................32

Professional Development .....33

Arts Section .......................34/35

land of Peace

ebenezer Akakpo

Maine Humanities Council

Moon in Full book release

Racism in …

Amjambo Africa! (April 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Community updates .............2/3

Remembrance ....................... 4/5

Novruz celebration ...................7

Financial Literacy/Professional Development

Français ...................... 8/9

Iswahili ..........................9

Somali ......................9/10

Ikinyarwanda ........10/11

Português ...............11/12

Espanõl ...................12/13

English .........................33

Candidate Mana Abdi ........... 14

Legislative update ...................15

Skin bleaching ........................16

Paul Farmer .............................17

Jacob Lawrence at Colby .......18

Checking in with businesses .20

French renaissance .................21

Tips & Info

Covid 2 ................................2

Driving ........................30/31

Work permits ...................35

Health&Wellness ...............24-30

In 7 languages

Columns ............................32-37

New Voices columns ........34/35

Gashi/Roseline Souebele

Poems by Maya Williams

Amjambo Africa! (March 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

Welcome Center .......................4

Spotlight on business ...............5

Hazard Pay ................................5

Community Food Center ........7

Poem by Nyamuon Nguany

Machar .......................................8

Fufu & Math ........................... 14

Legislative Update ..................15

Singer Clarisse Karasira ........37

DEI/Lewiston............................ 3

Translations French ......................9/13

Swahili ....................10/13

Somali ...............11/13/36

Kinyarwanda .........12/32

Portuguese .............30/32

Spanish ...................31/32

Health&Wellness. ..............20-27

Nutritious eating

In English & translation

Columns New Voices ................8/34/35

Professional Development ... 7

Ask the District Attorney....16

Bureau of Motor Vehicles ...16

Ask the Doctor ....................19

Finance ................................. 33

Community organizations. 28

Beautiful Blackbird .............18

Let’s Talk ...............................35

Maine Immigration .............36

Iraqi immigration freeze ....39

Amjambo Africa! (February 2022), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Afghan Resettlement ............2/3

Lunar New Year ........................4

Maine Youth Network .............5

Afrofuturism with MHC......... 7

Editorial .....................................8

Translations French .........................9/13

Swahili .......................10/13

Somali .......................11/13

Kinyarwanda ............12/13

Portuguese ................28/30

Spanish ......................29/30

MCF grant opportunities ......14

Legislative update ...................15

Tips & Info ........................16/31

New Roots Farm .....................17

The Samosa Story .............18/19

Health&Wellness... ............20-27

Cardiac Health In English & translations

Columns ..................................32

Maine Equal Justice South Portland Sustainability MIRC

Tax Season...33

In English & translations

New Voices columns ..............34

Rupal Ramesh Shah Roseline Souebele

Hope in Augusta .................... 37

2022 Mlk Keynote Address: Eddie Glaude Jr. Presentation, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Eddie Glaude Jr.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Series

One of the nation’s most prominent scholars, Eddie Glaude, Jr. is an author, political commentator, public intellectual and passionate educator who examines the complex dynamics of the American experience. His writings, including his most recent—the New York Times bestseller Begin Again: James Baldwin’s America and Its Urgent Lessons for our Own—take a wide look at Black communities, the difficulties of race in the United States and the challenges we face as a democracy.

In his writing and speaking, Glaude is an American critic in the tradition of James Baldwin and Ralph Waldo Emerson, confronting history and bringing our nation’s …

2022 Mlk Keynote Address: Eddie Glaude Jr. Pre-Event Presentation, Center For Social Equity & Inclusion, Eddie Glaude Jr.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Series

One of the nation’s most prominent scholars, Eddie Glaude, Jr. is an author, political commentator, public intellectual and passionate educator who examines the complex dynamics of the American experience. His writings, including his most recent—the New York Times bestseller Begin Again: James Baldwin’s America and Its Urgent Lessons for our Own—take a wide look at Black communities, the difficulties of race in the United States and the challenges we face as a democracy.

In his writing and speaking, Glaude is an American critic in the tradition of James Baldwin and Ralph Waldo Emerson, confronting history and bringing our nation’s …

Amjambo Africa! (January 2022), Kathereen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Editorial ....................................6

Translation

French/Portuguese ...............8

Swahili ...................................9

Somali ..................................10

Kinyarwanda........................10

Spanish ................................11

Liberation Farms ....................12

Equity in education ................13

Cross-racial conversation ......13

Special feature....................15-18

History of Medieval Africa Contributed by USM student authors

Finance Advice for the New Year .... 19

Poetry ......................................20

Contributed by South Portland student poets

Legislative Updates Permanent Commission ....21

Priority bills for the 130th

session .................................21

Mental health: home begins in the body ..................................24

Columns ..................................27

Maine Equal Justice

ILAP

IntWork

Let’s Talk

New Voices ........................28/29

Zabrina Richards

Nsiona Nguizani

Gashi

Bénédicte Wonganombe

Rupal Ramesh Shah

Coco McCracken

Mayor Deqa Dhalac of …