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Articles 1 - 30 of 71
Full-Text Articles in African History
Arts & Literature: The Haunts Of Biafra Photography, Chigbo Arthur Anyaduba
Arts & Literature: The Haunts Of Biafra Photography, Chigbo Arthur Anyaduba
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
The Fatale Monstrum And The Nasty Woman: Public Portrayals Of Cleopatra Vii And Hillary Rodham Clinton, Emma Baker
The Fatale Monstrum And The Nasty Woman: Public Portrayals Of Cleopatra Vii And Hillary Rodham Clinton, Emma Baker
AWE (A Woman’s Experience)
No abstract provided.
Marching Morally Towards Equality: Perspective Of Bishop Richard Allen, Ernest M. Oleksy
Marching Morally Towards Equality: Perspective Of Bishop Richard Allen, Ernest M. Oleksy
The Downtown Review
The African American's struggle for equality is fraught with contributions from men and women of various ilk. Amongst these early abolitionists were naturalist Benjamin Banneker, freeman orator Frederick Douglass, and Bishop Richard Allen, who is the focus of this paper. Through an analysis of primary and secondary sources, the author takes on the persona of the late Bishop speaking to a community of his fellow African Americans as he comments on timely events and characters and advises the listeners on a reasonable course of action.
« Banlieue Noire » : La Question Noire Dans La Littérature Urbaine Contemporaine, Stève Puig
« Banlieue Noire » : La Question Noire Dans La Littérature Urbaine Contemporaine, Stève Puig
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Just as the “beur” movement started to flourish in France in the 80’s and the 90’s, a new question has emerged in French society in the last decade: the “black question”, which deals with the place of Africans and Antilleans in French society today. At the same time, a new literary genre has emerged: urban literature, which largely tackles themes related to the presence of Afro-caribbean people in metropolitan France. This article seeks to analyze three urban novels which take place in France, and more specifically how characters situate themselves regarding their Frenchness as the French government attempted to redefine …
La Poésie Hors-Normes De Mohamed Hmoudane Ou L’Art De La Provocation, Yamna Abdelkader
La Poésie Hors-Normes De Mohamed Hmoudane Ou L’Art De La Provocation, Yamna Abdelkader
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Poetry is often understood as a series of deviations from linguistic norms, but Mohamed Hmoudane’s collections appear to be a systematic subversive strategy against both aesthetic conventions and prevailing assumptions about Eastern and Western identitarian categories. Published between 2003 and 2005, the works entitled Attentat, incandescence and Blanche mécanique avert poetic clichés as they invert cultural stereotypes, taking a most satirical stance toward the state of the world at the dawn of a new millenium. The pervasive sense of detachment resulting from Hmoudane’s satirical tendencies is associated with a poetics of excess, and this paradoxical union serves as a powerful …
Normes Endogènes : Pratiques Culturelles, Traduction Impossible, Rafaël Lucas
Normes Endogènes : Pratiques Culturelles, Traduction Impossible, Rafaël Lucas
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The words novel, drama and poetry can be translated because they refer to well-known specific concepts. Words referring to endogenous or indigenous forms and norms with cultural codes unknown to us cannot be translated. The translation of these words does not provide much information about them. The word koteba in bambara, a language spoken in Mali, means “a big snail”. The word hainteny (science of speech in Malagasy) refers to a specific type of popular oral poetry. What does the word concert-party (used in Nigeria, Ghana, Togo) or the Swahili word manganja mean? An analysis of these endogenous genres with …
De Quelques Normes Esthétiques Endogènes Non Légitimées : Exemples De La Littérature Aja-Fon Du Bénin, Jean-Norbert Vignondé
De Quelques Normes Esthétiques Endogènes Non Légitimées : Exemples De La Littérature Aja-Fon Du Bénin, Jean-Norbert Vignondé
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Uusing endogenous aesthetic norms as critical tool, we do not purport to evaluate the avatars of the French language outside of the Hexagon. instead, we locate the languages of the “periphery,” and particularly the Aja-Fon language of Benin, at the center of our inquiry to examine the means by which those languages move away from a text initially constructed on the basis of Western endogenous norms. We proceed to show that only “community intellectuals” can create a dialogue between truly endogenous norms and the universal culturesince“intellectuals by qualification” are often only capable of reproducing the exogenous norms of the Western …
De Stock À Albin Michel : Beyala Et L’Édition, Bernard De Meyer
De Stock À Albin Michel : Beyala Et L’Édition, Bernard De Meyer
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Beyala has remained faithful to the publisher Albin Michel for her fictional work since the publication of Le petit prince de Belleville in 1992, but her four fi rst novels had three different publishers. A study of her relationship with the publishing world during this period shows her desire for recognition on the Parisian literary scene, which was ready to take up the challenge by publishing the novel of an unknown African woman writer. A careful analysis of paratextual elements, in particular the titrology, and of the contents of the novels reveals that Calixthe Beyala enters into a direct conversation …
Images De Femmes: Une H/Histoire De La France En Algérie À Travers Les Carnets D’Orient De Jacques Ferrandez, Carla Calargé
Images De Femmes: Une H/Histoire De La France En Algérie À Travers Les Carnets D’Orient De Jacques Ferrandez, Carla Calargé
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
My article analyses the representation of women in the Carnets d’Orient, a graphic novel series that tells the (hi)story of Algeria since its colonial conquest by the French army until its independence in 1962. I argue that the representation of women in the series varies not only according to the periods represented in the work, but also and more importantly according to the evolution that took place in the author himself while working on the series. the essay is organized in three parts according to three historical periods. The first period is that of the colonial conquest of Algeria (1830-1872) …
Je E(S)T L’Autre, Nadia Duchêne
Je E(S)T L’Autre, Nadia Duchêne
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Immigration and otherness represent core concerns in contemporary society and, as such, give rise to debate and discussion in many disciplines. the question of otherness also arises as a recurrent and key subject in the field of literature. Tahar Ben Jelloun’s novel Partir is replete with the ambivalence of otherness: attraction/aversion; difference/similarity; lack/exile; native/foreigner; close/distant; normal/deviant and as such provides a laboratory where the expression of otherness in discourse can be dissected. We will examine the perception and the issue of otherness in the novel as well as the strength of its representations.
Le Roman Africain : Drame Or Histoire, Bernard Mouralis
Le Roman Africain : Drame Or Histoire, Bernard Mouralis
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
For a long time, African novelists claimed filiation with realism. But there is in realism a deep contradiction between the will of describing the social world and the will of changing it. From this contradiction, the paper studies : the relation between theatre and novel ; the question of citizenship in the novel ; the place of the novel in front of knowledge and action. The novel shows dynamics and characters living in the time. So, it tends to wander from the principle of knowledge and self-consciousness.
La Dramatisation De L’Écriture Chez Sony Labou Tansi, Georges Ngal
La Dramatisation De L’Écriture Chez Sony Labou Tansi, Georges Ngal
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
As an author always articulates his writing with idioms that reflect a specific time period and a given social group, Sony Labou Tansi talks about “tropicalité”, and gives himself the goal to create multiple “tropicalités”.
L’Écriture De La Perte Chez Assia Djebar, Lila Kermas
L’Écriture De La Perte Chez Assia Djebar, Lila Kermas
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This study proposes a reflexion on the feeling of “loss” as a source of literary creation. The different tensions generated by an hybrid identity of a character in a quest, especially in La disparition de la langue française (“disappearance of the French language”) by Assia Djebar ; what matters here is to see how the feeling of crisis and the split reveals itself and how it dissolves in and through (the process of) writing.
L’Art De L’« Écrire » Chez Patrick Chamoiseau, Savrina Parevadee Chinien
L’Art De L’« Écrire » Chez Patrick Chamoiseau, Savrina Parevadee Chinien
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
In the works of Patrick Chamoiseau, the act of writing is a main, recurrent theme. The narrator, often, tries to define himself through his writings which have their own autonomy in the novel. This character questions his writing and is torn by the dissatisfaction he feels to get close to the “breath” of the creole storyteller : the chasm between orality and writing creates suffering. He, then, advocates l’“écrire”, closer, according to him, to the utterance of the storyteller and free of the “constraints” of an occidental writing, which he considers as stamped by the ideology of the Universal.
Le Feu Sous La Soutane, Roman Populaire? Du Génocide À Sa Transposition Fictionnelle, Josias Semyjanga
Le Feu Sous La Soutane, Roman Populaire? Du Génocide À Sa Transposition Fictionnelle, Josias Semyjanga
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
A reflective, first-person account, Benjamin Sehene’s Le feu sous la soutane is the story of memories of a double crime of rape and genocide by a Catholic priest, Father Stanislas. At the beginning of the killings of the Tutsi, some people take refuge in a parish in Kigali. Its priest takes under his protection a few Tutsi women, hiding them in the presbytery. But, the Holy man will rape them. He also participates alongside with the Hutu militia to the extermination of the Tutsi who came to take refuge in the parish. Later the priest took refuge in France where …
Quand On Vient Aussi De L’Autre Monde: Appartenance(S), Conflit(S) Et Déchirement(S) Dans L’Enfant Des Deux Mondes De Karima Berger, Carla Calargé
Quand On Vient Aussi De L’Autre Monde: Appartenance(S), Conflit(S) Et Déchirement(S) Dans L’Enfant Des Deux Mondes De Karima Berger, Carla Calargé
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
My essay analyzes Karima Berger’s first novel, L’enfant des deux mondes (1989). The author who has been living in France for more than 25 years tells the story of a Muslim Arab girl (herself ?) educated in the French school system of pre-independent Algeria. In this study, I examine linguistic, cultural and religious issues raised by the novel in an effort to identify the factors that keep the protagonist imprisoned in a permanent state of being in-between-two-worlds without fully belonging to any of them.
L’Éthique Et L’Esthétique Chez Ousmane Sembéne, Frederic Ivor Case
L’Éthique Et L’Esthétique Chez Ousmane Sembéne, Frederic Ivor Case
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The ethics and aesthetics of the films and novels of Sembène reflect the axiological principles of his work. Sembène’s impact can be felt throughout as his practice in both cinema and literature helped redefi ne the features of the African novel and film. For him, writing was fed by the experiences, however painful, of workers of diverse origins attempting to survive their difficult conditions. His novels reveal the agony of this world but also various opportunities for self realization among his characters. Such practice, born out of the sweat, resistance and determination of men and women eking out their living, …
Un Autre Monde Est Possible: Création Et Résistance Dans L’Oeuvre D’Ousmane Sembène, David Murphy
Un Autre Monde Est Possible: Création Et Résistance Dans L’Oeuvre D’Ousmane Sembène, David Murphy
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
During an artistic career that spanned half a century, Ousmane Sembène often played a pioneering role. However, although the many awards he received constitute recognition of the artistic quality of his work, his literary and cinematic output is best known for its denunciation of colonial and neo-colonial injustices. This article argues that Sembène’s importance is not solely political, and nor should it be limited to his role as a pioneer of African cinema. Sembène was also a great artist who developed a profound refl ection on his practice both as a writer and as a filmmaker. The article will trace …
De La Fiction Criminelle En Afrique. Relecture Des Films D’Ousmane Sembène, Alexie Tcheuyap
De La Fiction Criminelle En Afrique. Relecture Des Films D’Ousmane Sembène, Alexie Tcheuyap
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
For institutional, ideological and even sociological reasons, the detective genre had difficulty rising to prominence within literatures and especially within the field of African cinema. If one observes today its shy emergence in the works of some West African film directors and within popular Nigerian video films, it is nonetheless possible, thanks to a finer scrutiny of theories developed on the subject, to realize that some films by Ousmane Sembène contain aesthetic strategies that allow for a fresh assessment of the works of a director whose films were often reduced to their ideological aspects. This second reading also unravels the …
Les Stéréotypes, Vecteurs De La Constriction Identitaire Chez Biyaoula, Françoise Cévaër
Les Stéréotypes, Vecteurs De La Constriction Identitaire Chez Biyaoula, Françoise Cévaër
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
From the 1980s, writers in the francophone diaspora have examined the post-colonial African identity and its portrayal, according a special place to stereotyping. Thus, they denounce not only its tyrannical hold, but also the devastating effect of stereotyping on individuals and societies. Paradoxically, they show how stereotyping can offer to the post-colonial subject a means of manipulating identity features, therefore, of avoiding predetermination. In its study of, mainly, Biyaoula’s L’impasse, this article also proposes to show how the stereotypes, going beyond the limits of theory, is reborn within he body, becoming a veritable enclosure for forgery of identity.
La Quête Poétique Dans L’Oeuvre De Fouad Gabriel Naffah, Georges Khoriaty
La Quête Poétique Dans L’Oeuvre De Fouad Gabriel Naffah, Georges Khoriaty
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
In his poetic search, Fouad Gabriel Naffah states his conception of a poetic image revealing the absolute and the universal, his verbal adventure which consists of disintegrating the conventional language with sclerotic forms in order to have access to the authenticity and to ensure the everlasting poem. He also sets out the poetry of the imaginary which, through a dialectic and harmonization of contradictories, extends all over the universe to include and reach the study of the eternal return that satisfies his longing for eternity.
Maggy Corrêa : Passer Le Témoin, Avec Ou Sans Le Feu Sacré, Isabelle Favre
Maggy Corrêa : Passer Le Témoin, Avec Ou Sans Le Feu Sacré, Isabelle Favre
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
In her book entitled Tutsie, etc., Rwandan Swiss author Maggy Corrêa recounts how in july 1994, she was able to rescue her mother from the Rwandan genocide of the Tutsi. This essay begins by examining the status of the testimonial genre within the literary institution. Then, based on Maggy Corrêa’s text, the analysis will demonstrate how Derrida’s concept of sacramentum can be traced in Corrêa’s adventure, and how this same notion proved to be absent from the United Nations’s discourse taking place in Geneva at the same time.
Bent Familia De Nouri Bouzid : Enjeux De L’Amitié, De La Clairvoyance Féminine Et Du Questionnement, Hélène Tissières
Bent Familia De Nouri Bouzid : Enjeux De L’Amitié, De La Clairvoyance Féminine Et Du Questionnement, Hélène Tissières
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Bent Familia by the Tunisian filmmaker Nouri Bouzid breaks down silences by questioning norms and power structures, including patriarchal authority. Centered on an exceptional friendship between three women and examining their preoccupations as well as their needs, the film reveals the empowering forces of sharing, insightfulness and engagement. Through the character of Aïda and the intertwinement of arts – in particular music and painting – the film dismantles absolutes and illusions. It encourages deep questioning in order to trace new paths, valuing the clear-sighted contributions of women in a continuously changing society.
L’Écriture Tumulaire : Témoignage Sur La Mort, Pour La Vie, Philippe Basabosa
L’Écriture Tumulaire : Témoignage Sur La Mort, Pour La Vie, Philippe Basabosa
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The article proves how the testimony narrative, in writing death and genocide-related atrocities, attempts to restore human dignity to the victims. The narrative space that becomes in that way a burial place and a funeral monument plays also the role of the ''redemption'' of history in order to secure the future. The narratives that the article analyzes constitute at the same time a hymn to life. By creating themselves other destinies, other reasons for life, the survivor and witness authors succeed in overcoming the world-weariness that threatens every survivor of the Itsembabwoko slaughter.
« La Femme Qui Pleure » : La Nouvelle D’Assia Djebar Et Le Tableau De Picasso, Farah Aïcha Gharbi
« La Femme Qui Pleure » : La Nouvelle D’Assia Djebar Et Le Tableau De Picasso, Farah Aïcha Gharbi
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This article is a study of the dialogue that is maintained between the novel « La femme qui pleure » by Assia Djebar and the Picasso painting that bears the same title. This article also aims to show author’s achievement of the liberation of the feminine subject through an aesthetic means, in other words, through an angle that allows for an encounter between that which has been written and the painting, which combined give the women the right to the word and the image portrayed. The form and the structure that are shared between the novel and the painting appear …
La Pensée Du Témoignage : De La Scène Du Génocide À La Scène Judiciaire, Sélom Gbanou
La Pensée Du Témoignage : De La Scène Du Génocide À La Scène Judiciaire, Sélom Gbanou
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This paper intends to study the stories of witnesses of the genocide of the Tutsi people in Rwanda from the angle of both History and Justice. It analyses how the actual event is brought back by the victims’s stories and shows the tormentors that the lives they have undone have been redone in defiance of the effort to wipe out all traces, the basic idea of genocide. Furthermore, the witnesses report seems to be a judiciary scene where, trying to understand what has happened, the victims put themselves in the witness box of their conscience in order to find their …
La Poétique Du Fragment Dans Le Récit De Survivance Au Rwanda, Eugène Nshimiyimana
La Poétique Du Fragment Dans Le Récit De Survivance Au Rwanda, Eugène Nshimiyimana
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The narrative about surviving is by definition an impossible narrative due to the enormity and absurdity of the tragedy. It is characterized by a fragmentary aspect which is a sign of its resistance to utterance. Based on Révérien Rurangwa’s Génocidé, the following reflection proposes to read the fragment as a manifestation of a traumatic memory that language fails to carry out due to the distortion of the signifying process in which the signified seems to take priority to the signifier. The fragment, thus, can be seen as an attempt to recuperate the symbolic, attempt that is always ''unsuitable'' due to …
Le Témoignage Dans L’Oeuvre De Yolande Mukagasana, Théopiste Kabanda
Le Témoignage Dans L’Oeuvre De Yolande Mukagasana, Théopiste Kabanda
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
this article analyzes the status of testimony in Mukagasana’s La mort ne veut pas de moi and N’aie pas peur de savoir, by bringing out the main narrative strategies allowing to get round the unspeakable. It demonstrates the connection of the testimony, the memory and the history of the genocide in Rwanda as event which marked the humanity in 20th century. This link is studied through the conditions and the postures of testimony, the textual marks of dentification of the addressees and the roles of the testimony.
Témoigner : Les Voies De La Connaissance, Catalina Sagarra
Témoigner : Les Voies De La Connaissance, Catalina Sagarra
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The author analyzes the narrations of Survivors of the genocide of the Tutsi, in 1994. A particular attention is paid to how the witnesses express two affects : guilt and responsibility. Their life stories explore these concepts which help them to carry out a search for Truth, which is deeply linked with the sufferings the horror of the past inflicted to them to the point of being haunted by the past. The Survivors ask themselves an array of questions, not always finding a satisfying answer which could bring them some peace. They address their questioning to different agents, telling them …
Le Témoignage De L’Itsembabwoko Par La Fiction. L’Ombre D’Imana, Josias Semujanga
Le Témoignage De L’Itsembabwoko Par La Fiction. L’Ombre D’Imana, Josias Semujanga
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Following the Tutsi genocide in 1994, many African writers went to Rwanda, in 1998, and then wrote some novels and other fictional texts about the horror they saw. This study shows how Véronique Tadjo’s L’ombre d’Imana adopts several mechanisms of Traveler’s Narratives, but poses also their limits in ethical thinking about genocide. Tadjo uses indeed the subversion of Traveler’s Narratives by adding other forms of genres like reportage and testimonies. She discusses about the limits of testimony narratives on a genocide.