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Exiles And Pioneers: Eastern Indians In The Trans-Mississippi West, John Bowes
Exiles And Pioneers: Eastern Indians In The Trans-Mississippi West, John Bowes
John P. Bowes
Exiles and Pioneers focuses on the experiences of Shawnee, Delaware, Wyandot, and Potawatomi Indians from the late 1700s to the 1860s. The book uses this multi-tribal perspective to argue that these Indian communities both benefited and suffered from the ineffective policies of the federal government during this period of relentless western expansion.
Black Hawk And The War Of 1832: Removal In The North, John Bowes
Black Hawk And The War Of 1832: Removal In The North, John Bowes
John P. Bowes
In 1804, a delegation of five Sauk leaders signed a treaty with the U.S. government ceding all of the tribe's lands east of the Mississippi River. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced by the United States, the situation would change in 1822. That summer, an influx of white miners arrived in northwestern Illinois and the southwestern part of Michigan Territory to extract lead from the profitable mines of the region. The trickle of settlers soon turned into a flood: By 1829, thousands of white settlers had moved into the region and settled on Sauk lands. The following year, Congress …