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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in History
Here, There, And In-Between: On The Civilizing Process And Civilizational Analysis, Michael Palencia-Roth
Here, There, And In-Between: On The Civilizing Process And Civilizational Analysis, Michael Palencia-Roth
Comparative Civilizations Review
This essay presents a cautionary tale about certain problems with systematization and abstraction in comparative civilizational studies. It advocates instead for the analysis of single works, limited events, or particular figures, within larger issues pertaining to what is understood as a “civilization” or “culture”. It prioritizes certain aspects of the civilizing process: the here, or the civilizing and interpretive gaze; the there, or the Other that is the object of that gaze; and the in-between. It further suggests that insights and methods from Mikhail Bakhtin, Hans-Georg Gadamer and others from the humanities, social sciences, and philosophy can …
"Kittenish Appearance:" Western Fashion In Meiji Japan, Harry Zhang
"Kittenish Appearance:" Western Fashion In Meiji Japan, Harry Zhang
Gettysburg College Headquarters
This paper seeks to examine the degree to which Meiji era Japan adopted Western fashion. It uses written and photographic sources to understand the attitude of Meiji era Japanese towards the introduction of Western fashion into everyday life, and the changing of said attitudes throughout the Meiji era and its implication on Japan's national identity.
When Big Brother Blinks, Josh Eyre
When Big Brother Blinks, Josh Eyre
BYU Asian Studies Journal
When discussing modern Japanese literature, works of the late 1930s and early 1940s are largely left out of the discussion. Stories written during this time are ignored by scholars, forgotten by readers, and at times even excluded from an author’s “complete works” by publishers (Keene 1987, 906–907). These works are often thought to be devoid of literary merit or not worth studying due to the high levels of scrutiny and censorship that Japanese authors were subjected to by the far right and intensely nationalistic Japanese government of the time. I would argue, however, that the near total dismissal of Japanese …
Christianity On Home Brew, Brayden Lane
Christianity On Home Brew, Brayden Lane
BYU Asian Studies Journal
In 1659, after enduring three years of torture and refusing to renounce his teachings, a Christian priest was executed in Nagasaki by decapitation under order by local officials. This man, who had taken the name of Bastian at his baptism, had spent the previous several years leading and teaching his fellow Christians in the villages near Nagasaki. He did this in secrecy, for in those days, professing belief as a Christian had been declared illegal by the Japanese government under penalty of death. In the course of his ministry, he saw many of his brethren meet their deaths for their …
Creative Citizen Peacebuilding: Japanese Artists And Audiences Respond To The Vietnam-American War, Long T. Bui, Ayako Sahara
Creative Citizen Peacebuilding: Japanese Artists And Audiences Respond To The Vietnam-American War, Long T. Bui, Ayako Sahara
Peace and Conflict Studies
This article explores two case studies related to South Vietnam and Japan, relating them to the controversial history and legacy of the Second Indochina War. The first is the Japanese adoption and adaptation of South Vietnamese antiwar music. The second is a Japanese film, uncovered decades later after the war, exposing the role of Japan in South Vietnam. Cultural productions, from nations allied with the United States, sought to expose the popular struggle for peace against the rising tide of Cold War military violence and corporate capitalist exploitation. Through interviews, archival research, and textual analysis, the article argues for a …
A Comparison Of The Canadian And Japanese Unesco Cultural World Heritage Sites, Tessa L. V. O'Connor
A Comparison Of The Canadian And Japanese Unesco Cultural World Heritage Sites, Tessa L. V. O'Connor
The Confluence
The purpose of this comparative study was to explore the similarities and differences between Canadian and Japanese cultures through a comparison of their respective UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Sites. Specifically, the historical, religious and spiritual, and geographical factors that led to the designation of said World Heritage sites in each country are compared. Analysis of these factors reveals that Canadian Cultural World Heritage Sites, as well as modern Canadian culture, have been molded by a combination of foreign and domestic influences. In contrast, Japanese Cultural World Heritage Sites and modern culture are primarily a result of domestic influences. The cumulative …
Visions For Japanese Society: An Examination Of Japanese Postwar Occupation Period Film, Kaitlin Smith, Michael Gibbs
Visions For Japanese Society: An Examination Of Japanese Postwar Occupation Period Film, Kaitlin Smith, Michael Gibbs
DU Undergraduate Research Journal Archive
By following the films of directors Akira Kurosawa ( 黒澤明), Yasujiro Ozu ( 小津安二郎), Masaki Kobayashi (小林正樹), and Shohei Imamura (今村昌平) around occupation period Japan, unified visions for Japanese society are formed as it transitions from wartime into the postwar era. Each of these films conveys a sense of rapid change in society, external pressures and foreign influence, a daily struggle, and immediate postwar suffering. Not only can these films be seen across a wide variety of styles, but they also each approach these issues with immediacy and show tentative outlooks for how Japan functioned and felt for most people …
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2022
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2022
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Complete Issue of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2022
Influential Storytelling At Its Finest: Why The Postwar West Took Notice Of Yasujirō Ozu’S Tokyo Story, Abigail Deveney
Influential Storytelling At Its Finest: Why The Postwar West Took Notice Of Yasujirō Ozu’S Tokyo Story, Abigail Deveney
Japanese Society and Culture
Tokyo Story (1953) came to fame in 1958, when Yasujiro Ozu’s postwar film about a fragmenting family won the Sutherland prize at the London Film Festival – or so cinematic scholarship suggests. There is, however, a much more complex tale to be told. In fact, director Ozu’s shomingeki-genre film was being discussed and promoted internationally long before what is considered that watershed moment.
This dissertation explores why the western world took note. It argues that Tokyo Story’s nuanced and humanist narrative was a unique form of soft power, attracting and persuading decades before that concept was formally articulated. Tokyo Story’s …
The Emergence Of Anti-Hate Speech Activism In Japan: The Relevance Of Critical Race Theory’S Sociological Implications, Bachtiar Alam
The Emergence Of Anti-Hate Speech Activism In Japan: The Relevance Of Critical Race Theory’S Sociological Implications, Bachtiar Alam
Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya
As concern over hate speech grows into a global issue (Haraszti 2012), a recurring question confronting every democratic society is how it should restrict discriminatory speech without infringing upon the universally accepted principle of free speech. Japan’s recent experience in coping with growing hate speech presents a valuable case study. The country had staunchly protected the free speech principle enshrined in the post-World War II constitution and consistently been disinclined to pass any law that regulates hate speech. This, however, has changed dramatically in the last few years. The incidence of hate speech targeting ethnic Koreans exploded around 2012, which …
The Russo-Japanese War: Origins And Implications, Benjamin E. Mainardi
The Russo-Japanese War: Origins And Implications, Benjamin E. Mainardi
James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)
The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War was the first major conflict of the twentieth century and a turning point in the balance of power in East Asia. In the short term, Russia’s defeat helped precipitate the 1905 Russian Revolution and the 1917 October Revolution. More broadly, the aftermath of the war informed Japan’s imperial ambitions in Manchuria—the early stages of World War II in Asia during the 1930s—and continuing Russo-Japanese enmity over Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Island chain. Studying this historical conflict in terms of international relations provides valuable insights into the nature of the conflict and how the past continues …
Japan's War On Three Fronts Prior To 1941, Shaohai Guo
Japan's War On Three Fronts Prior To 1941, Shaohai Guo
Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History
This paper argues that Japan fought a three-front war prior to 1941. Japan not only fought China in the Second Sino-Japanese War, but conducted military operations against the Soviet Union. The third front occurred within Japan, as military factionalism prevented Japan from focusing on either China or the Soviet Union. By 1941, weakened through years of war, Japan focused their attention on French Indochina. This ultimately led to U.S entry into World War II.
From Enemy Asset To National Showcase: France’S Seizure And Circulation Of The Matsukata Collection (1944-1958), Léa Saint-Raymond, Maxime Georges Métraux
From Enemy Asset To National Showcase: France’S Seizure And Circulation Of The Matsukata Collection (1944-1958), Léa Saint-Raymond, Maxime Georges Métraux
Artl@s Bulletin
Sequestered by the French State as an "enemy asset" in 1944, Kojiro Matsukata’s collection was used as a national showcase through exhibitions until 1958. Few catalogues were transparent as to the works’ provenance from the collection. When we map and visualize this historical information, a significant contrast appears between the “real” circulation of artworks, as recorded in governmental archives, and the "official" circulation listed in catalogues. This discrepancy points to a propaganda effort in such a way as to bolster an artistic narrative that was key to French national pride, and studying it can further explain why the French decided …
From Freeze To Fire: How Economic Sanctions Against Japan Led To The War In The Pacific, Mitch Rogers
From Freeze To Fire: How Economic Sanctions Against Japan Led To The War In The Pacific, Mitch Rogers
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
Effects Of The United States Reconstruction On Nationalism In The Japanese Education System, Connell Murphy
Effects Of The United States Reconstruction On Nationalism In The Japanese Education System, Connell Murphy
Voces Novae
When the United States began its reconstruction of Japan after World War II, they consistently put their own interests within the country before what would benefit Japan the most . While the first two years of the occupation led to significant changes inside and outside schools, including the Ministry of Education’s diminished role, increased local involvement in the academic system, and the removal of nationalistic “morality” classes such as shushin. All of these changes were necessary efforts to denationalize and decentralize Japan’s educational system and allow more choices for teachers and schools. When Washington began to take an increased interest …
Deterrence & Security Assistance: The South China Sea, Tommy Ross
Deterrence & Security Assistance: The South China Sea, Tommy Ross
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
This article identifies how the United States can apply security assistance to support regional security in the South China Sea in order to counter China’s assertive expansion strategy.
Remembering An Abolitionist, Ambassador John R. Miller (May 23, 1938-October 4, 2017), Eleanor Kennelly Gaetan, Donna M. Hughes
Remembering An Abolitionist, Ambassador John R. Miller (May 23, 1938-October 4, 2017), Eleanor Kennelly Gaetan, Donna M. Hughes
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
A memorial for Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, John R. Miller (May 23, 1938-October 4, 2017). Ambassador Miller believed modern-day slavery, encompassing sex trafficking and forced labor, requires a principled global offensive that the United States is morally obligated to lead. In the four formative years he led the State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, 2002 to 2006, John Miller set the office’s course as diplomatically aggressive and programmatically creative. He made the annual Trafficking in Persons report more than a bureaucratic submission, putting daring heroes at the center, and insisting on compelling …
The Rise And Fall Of The Zaibatsu: Japan's Industrial And Economic Modernization, David A. C. Addicott
The Rise And Fall Of The Zaibatsu: Japan's Industrial And Economic Modernization, David A. C. Addicott
Global Tides
Throughout the past century, the rise and fall of the zaibatsu and the operations of their direct successors has not only shaped Japan’s economic and financial landscape but also has been instrumental in the modernization of the world economy. Many of these corporations traced their roots to Japan’s premodern era, and were directly responsible for the transformation of a nation of rice farmers into an industrial powerhouse in the years prior to World War II. Following Japan’s defeat, these monopolistic corporations were dismantled by the Keynesian economists of the Allied occupation and were reorganized into the keiretsu system, which exists …
Review Of The Most Controversial Decision: Truman, The Atomic Bombs, And The Defeat Of Japan And Hiroshima: Why America Dropped The Atomic Bomb, Alicia Espinosa
Review Of The Most Controversial Decision: Truman, The Atomic Bombs, And The Defeat Of Japan And Hiroshima: Why America Dropped The Atomic Bomb, Alicia Espinosa
Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History
About the author
Alicia Espinosa is a junior at Boston University. She will be graduating in May 2018 with a Bachelor of Arts in History and minors in Anthropology and Public Health.
Mitsui’S Story Or Mafia’S Story: A Different Reading Of The Autobiography Of A Tokugawa Samurai, Fred Smithberg
Mitsui’S Story Or Mafia’S Story: A Different Reading Of The Autobiography Of A Tokugawa Samurai, Fred Smithberg
Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History
About the author
Fred Smithberg is a retired airline pilot and U.S. Marine Corps officer. He is a graduate of the University of South Carolina and of the U.S. Naval War College. Now he lives in Savannah and takes history courses he loves at Armstrong State University
Comfort Women: The 1946-1948 Tokyo War Crimes Trials And Historical Blindness, Kathryn J. Witt Ms.
Comfort Women: The 1946-1948 Tokyo War Crimes Trials And Historical Blindness, Kathryn J. Witt Ms.
The Great Lakes Journal of Undergraduate History
This essay analyzes why the comfort women were not mentioned until recent decades. The essay starts with an overview of Japan’s colonization and formation of the Comfort Women system; next, the history of the women and a comparison between the Korean and Dutch comfort women are being compared before going into the Tokyo War Crimes Trials. It discusses historical blindness through the Tokyo War Crimes Trials. There are three factors into how the United States government officials, including General Douglas MacArthur and Joseph Berry Keenan, manipulated the trials: United States government’s conduct, the general view on gender crimes, and the …
The Gossamer Years: Gender, Religion And Aesthetics In Heian Japan, Caitlyn Floyd Geiger, Rodellen Mae Largo, John Hendrix, Fred Smithberg
The Gossamer Years: Gender, Religion And Aesthetics In Heian Japan, Caitlyn Floyd Geiger, Rodellen Mae Largo, John Hendrix, Fred Smithberg
Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History
About the authors :
Caitlyn is a senior History major at Armstrong State University and will graduate with her B.A. in December of 2016. Her main interests in the field are military history and archaeological studies. Upon completion of her degree, Caitlyn hopes to use the knowledge and skills she has gained to further her career as a fiction writer. Rodellen, a Philippine native, is a senior majoring in Cell/Molecular Biology. She plans on going to a medical school to pursue a career in Cardiology. John is junior and he hopes to graduate with a bachelor’s degree in Liberal Studies. …
Japan On The Medieval Globe: The Wakan Rōeishū And Imagined Landscapes In Early Medieval Texts, Elizabeth Oyler
Japan On The Medieval Globe: The Wakan Rōeishū And Imagined Landscapes In Early Medieval Texts, Elizabeth Oyler
The Medieval Globe
This essay explores how the poetry collection Wakan rōeishū becomes an important allusive referent for two medieval Japanese works, the travelogue Kaidōki and the nō play Tsunemasa. In particular, it focuses on how Chinese poems from the collection become the means for describing Japanese spaces and their links to power, in the context of a changing political landscape.
Book Review: The Nature Of Beasts: Empire And Exhibition At The Tokyo Imperial Zoo, Andrew W. B. Kustodowicz
Book Review: The Nature Of Beasts: Empire And Exhibition At The Tokyo Imperial Zoo, Andrew W. B. Kustodowicz
Madison Historical Review
No abstract provided.
Death By Bullet, Fire, Or Vapor: Examining The Decision To Use The Atomic Bomb To End World War Ii In The Pacific Theatre, Jonathan Keenan
Death By Bullet, Fire, Or Vapor: Examining The Decision To Use The Atomic Bomb To End World War Ii In The Pacific Theatre, Jonathan Keenan
The Exposition
The atomic bomb is one of the most destructive devices man has created for warfare. Able to wipe out entire city blocks and dissolve a person’s body leaving only a shadow behind. How can any good be found in such a weapon? The paper will evaluate the process Americans went through to create this weapon and then use it. It will convey how different key players felt about the Bomb, such as politicians, scientists, and military figures. Both sides of the argument will be looked at whether the Bombs should have been dropped or if there was a way around …
Massacre And Memory, History And Humanity: A Discussion On Iris Chang’S The Rape Of Nanking, Michael Carr, Elyse Schreier, Matias Andres, N. Miller Wolz, Latoya Timmons, Ryan Payne, Shaofeng Yang, Timothy Brannen, William Worrell, Raven Giles, Tranh Tran, Leticia Nascimento
Massacre And Memory, History And Humanity: A Discussion On Iris Chang’S The Rape Of Nanking, Michael Carr, Elyse Schreier, Matias Andres, N. Miller Wolz, Latoya Timmons, Ryan Payne, Shaofeng Yang, Timothy Brannen, William Worrell, Raven Giles, Tranh Tran, Leticia Nascimento
Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History
While World War II seemed inevitable in Europe, Japanese aggression was well underway in Asia. Japan assaulted the capital of China, Nanking, in December 1937 and perpetrated a six-week-long massacre, killing thousands of unarmed Chinese military troops and civilians, including women and children. Iris Chang's Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II exposes this horrific event that showcases humanity at its worst. After reading Chang’s book, it is clear why “rape” was deemed necessary for the title; her gripping account will make one’s stomach turn. War brings up questions of the human condition, responsibility, and justice. In …
Japanese Westernization And The American Civil War, Kyle Bridge
Japanese Westernization And The American Civil War, Kyle Bridge
Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History
Kyle Bridge is a senior History major and Education minor at the University of North Florida, specializing in 20th-century American politics and culture.
Getting Out, Ron Baenninger
"100 Spears Worth 100 Pieces": The Impact Of Ashigaru On Sengoku Jidai, Austin W. Clark
"100 Spears Worth 100 Pieces": The Impact Of Ashigaru On Sengoku Jidai, Austin W. Clark
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
In the year 1545, during the latter half of Japan‘s Sengoku Period or ―Age of Warring States‖, the minor samurai Ukida Naoie was assigned thirty men and a small fief in the province of Bizen. His task was to cultivate and defend this small corner of the province from the ambitious and power-hungry lords and bandits that abounded in the Sengoku Period, but Naoie set his sights higher. Given direct control over his thirty men, a mere garrison force of infantry, he used them to conquer and rule over neighboring fiefs in the province. His reputation and his army grew …
The Contradictions Of Kitabatake Chikafusa's Jinno Shotoki: How The Jinno Shotoki Shows That Japan Is Not Shinkoku, Adam Wheeler
The Contradictions Of Kitabatake Chikafusa's Jinno Shotoki: How The Jinno Shotoki Shows That Japan Is Not Shinkoku, Adam Wheeler
BYU Asian Studies Journal
It is widely held by Japanese and non-Japanese historians alike that Japan has enjoyed an uninterrupted reign by a single royal family for at least the last 1,500 years, if not longer. This unprecedented system of government has given rise to much investigation as to how such a feat could have been accomplished and has also given rise to the belief that Japan is Shinkoku, or “divine land.” Theories on the longevity of the Japanese imperial family have been based on the relationship between them and surrounding families of influence, as well as the tenuous relationship that existed between …