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Full-Text Articles in History
Integrated Baseball In Ohio, 1883-1900: Sol White And Richard Male, Mark E. Eberle
Integrated Baseball In Ohio, 1883-1900: Sol White And Richard Male, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Two essays amend and expand what has been published about two Ohio natives who played baseball in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the sport became increasingly segregated. The first essay clarifies the early years of Sol White, a Black ballplayer from Bellaire, Ohio, who played on integrated amateur teams in his hometown beginning in 1883, as well as the integrated first nine in Wheeling, West Virginia in 1886-1887 and the segregated Pittsburgh Keystones in 1887-1888. About this same time, Richard Male, who was born in Columbus but was a longtime resident of Cleveland, played under the pseudonym …
George H. Taylor: From Colorado To The Pinnacle Of Black Baseball, Mark E. Eberle
George H. Taylor: From Colorado To The Pinnacle Of Black Baseball, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
George H. Taylor was a Black baseball player born in Kansas but raised in Denver, Colorado, where he learned to play the game. From the 1880s to 1894, he played primarily for integrated teams in Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Nebraska, and Iowa, including minor league clubs in Aspen, Colorado and Beatrice, Nebraska. Taylor was also invited to play for otherwise white teams in Cheyenne, Wyoming and Ogden, Utah after they saw him play on visiting teams from Denver. From 1895 to 1907, Taylor mostly played for Black teams in Michigan, Illinois, and Minnesota, including the Page Fence Giants, Leland Giants, and …
Integrated Baseball In Ohio, 1891–1907: Chavous, Harrison, Fountain, And Follis., Mark E. Eberle
Integrated Baseball In Ohio, 1891–1907: Chavous, Harrison, Fountain, And Follis., Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
In addition to Moses Fleetwood Walker, Welday (Weldy) Walker, John “Bud” Fowler, and Grant “Home Run” Johnson, other Black baseball players were members of integrated teams involved in intercity competition in Ohio during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when racial segregation was widespread. The experiences of four of these players are described. James Chavous was a native of Marysville who pitched for Marysville and several other teams, including the Page Fence Giants. In 1904, an injury to his hand limited his role on the diamond to serving as an umpire, primarily in games between white teams. Edward Webster …
John W. "Bud" Fowler In Colorado, California, And Ohio, Mark E. Eberle
John W. "Bud" Fowler In Colorado, California, And Ohio, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
John W. Jackson Jr., better known as John W. “Bud” Fowler (1858–1913), was a Black baseball player, captain, manager, umpire, and promoter. His baseball career spanned at least 33 years, from 1877 to 1909. In 1878, Fowler became the first known Black baseball player in the major or minor leagues, and he went on to play for a total of 18 minor league clubs with rosters composed predominantly of white ballplayers during the era of racial segregation. He played for numerous teams from New England to southern California and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Consequently, he …
Early Integrated Baseball In Missouri, Mark E. Eberle
Early Integrated Baseball In Missouri, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Beginning in the years before the US Civil War, African Americans fled or emigrated from the South to northern and western states and territories. Descendants of these emigrants occasionally had the opportunity to play baseball for predominantly white town teams and minor league clubs prior to 1946 under circumstances documented in states such as Kansas and California. Those same opportunities were virtually nonexistent in states where slavery had been legal at the outset of the Civil War. A few instances of integrated baseball teams involved in intercity competition in Missouri, a border state that remained in the Union, have been …
Black Pioneers Of Integrated Baseball In California, Mark E. Eberle
Black Pioneers Of Integrated Baseball In California, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Black athletes were barred from playing baseball in the major and minor leagues, as well as other teams of white players, with relatively few exceptions. Research on baseball’s color line has primarily focused on organized baseball (the major and minor leagues). The nine essays in this monograph are an introductory exploration of integrated baseball in California at various levels, from amateur to professional teams. The first six essays are biographies of seven Black ballplayers who played on predominantly white teams engaged in intercity competition for multiple years from 1886 to 1909. The seventh …
Integrated Baseball In Kansas During The Sport's Era Of Segregation, Mark E. Eberle
Integrated Baseball In Kansas During The Sport's Era Of Segregation, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
Black athletes were barred from playing baseball in the major and minor leagues prior to 1946 with few exceptions. The implementation of the color line in organized baseball during the nineteenth century has been the focus of thorough research. Less studied is integrated baseball among independent town teams, and this research has focused on particular players or circumstances rather than an entire state or region across a broad span of baseball history. Integrated teams in Kansas provide a unique opportunity to examine their history at these larger scales. Prior to 1946, major league baseball was essentially concentrated east of the …
Baseball’S Color Line In Kansas Andthe Chanute Black Diamonds Of 1904–1906, Mark E. Eberle
Baseball’S Color Line In Kansas Andthe Chanute Black Diamonds Of 1904–1906, Mark E. Eberle
Monographs
The major and minor leagues excluded black baseball players for most of their history until Jackie Robinson broke the color line in 1946 and 1947. However, at the local level, the color line was not always so absolute. Town teams were occasionally integrated, and segregated teams played each other, sometimes with the local championship on the line. Among the small towns where this occurred was Chanute, Kansas, where a black ball club named the Chanute Black Diamonds was first organized in 1900. From 1904 through 1906, the Black Diamonds assembled a team of the best players from Chanute and nearby …