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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in History
Radio And Rebellion: An Investigation Of Radio And Its Use By Czechoslovakian Youth During The 1968 August Invasion, Jillian E. Updegraff
Radio And Rebellion: An Investigation Of Radio And Its Use By Czechoslovakian Youth During The 1968 August Invasion, Jillian E. Updegraff
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
In 1968, an already tumultuous year throughout the world, Czechoslovakians showed immense bravery in the face of a Soviet-led invasion between August 21and August 27. While separate bodies of existing scholarship examine the role of radio in the resistance efforts and the part that youth played in these efforts, little scholarship examines the two in conjunction. This paper explores the ways in which radio impacted the actions of youth movements and encouraged cross-generational resistance among the Czech population during the invasion and subsequent occupation by the Soviet Union. Through an examination of radio broadcasts, photographs, and student accounts, this paper …
Cobol Cripples The Mind!: Academia And The Alienation Of Data Processing, Neel Shah
Cobol Cripples The Mind!: Academia And The Alienation Of Data Processing, Neel Shah
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
This paper writes a social history of the programming language COBOL that focuses on its reception in academia. Through this focus, the paper seeks to understand the contentious relationship between data processing and the academy. In historicizing COBOL, the paper also illuminates the changing nature of the academy-industry-military triangle that was a mainstay of early computing.
“They Are Not Of Our Race”: Northern Republican Senators, Anti-Cuban Prejudices, And The American Opposition To Cuban Acquisition In 1859, Laura I. Sastoque
“They Are Not Of Our Race”: Northern Republican Senators, Anti-Cuban Prejudices, And The American Opposition To Cuban Acquisition In 1859, Laura I. Sastoque
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
Which factors do U.S. statesmen consider when incorporating new U.S. territories? Which populations and territories are deemed compatible with the project of the American nation, and which aren’t? At the U.S. Congress in 1859, upon the presentation of Senate Bill 497, U.S. Senators were debating whether to allocate a millionaire sum of money to President James Buchanan in order to acquire Cuba. The Congress debates were divided between Northern Republican and Southern Democrat Senators, of whom the former consistently opposed the annexation of Cuba. The reasons for opposition were various, but this study focuses on the senator’s suggestion that the …
Solidarietà Sotto La Terra: Italian American Community Building And Ethnic Strife In The 1913-14 Copper Country Strike, Andrew Js Santamarina
Solidarietà Sotto La Terra: Italian American Community Building And Ethnic Strife In The 1913-14 Copper Country Strike, Andrew Js Santamarina
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
The 1913-14 Copper Country Strike was one of the most tragic labor strikes of the twentieth century but remains largely ignored by mainstream historical research. This article analyzes the importance of ethnic strife as a central factor in the strike using the Italian community as a case study. The Italian community alongside the other Eastern and Southern European immigrant communities proved essential for empowering and organizing immigrant laborers to confront capital and reconcile ethnic tensions with Western European immigrant communities during the 1913-14 strike.
An Instrument Of Collective Redemption: The Moral Mondays Movement And Grassroots Community Organizing, Ben Levitt
An Instrument Of Collective Redemption: The Moral Mondays Movement And Grassroots Community Organizing, Ben Levitt
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
This article studies the emergence and development of the Moral Mondays movement in North Carolina in 2013 and 2014. In the backdrop of the rightward shift in North Carolina politics and the Shelby County v. Holder decision, I argue that the Moral Mondays movement grew as a site of resistance against extremist policies and democratic backsliding in the state. By constructing an historical narrative of the Moral Mondays movement, I demonstrate the power of grassroots community organizing and the possibilities of multi-racial, multi-faith coalition-building. In the process, Moral Mondays can be seen as offering a blueprint for successful community organizing …
Why Africa? Towards A Materialist Understanding Of Racism And The African Slave Trade, Giacomo F. Green
Why Africa? Towards A Materialist Understanding Of Racism And The African Slave Trade, Giacomo F. Green
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
Common historical interpretations of the Atlantic slave system often lose the position Africa within the political-economic haze of the era, either producing confused accounts or eliding the question of causality altogether. I argue that this tendency stems from the corrosive effects of the historian’s position as an observer from the present, and that to understand why Africa was the prime location for the source of human slaves, one needs to take a materialist approach to the problem of origins. Only through careful examination of empire, the plantation complex, and the genesis of the Atlantic working classes can one arrive at …
Panic At The Picture Show: Southern Movie Theatre Culture And The Struggle To Desegregate, Susannah L. Broun
Panic At The Picture Show: Southern Movie Theatre Culture And The Struggle To Desegregate, Susannah L. Broun
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
This paper explores the complex desegregation process of movie theatres in the southern United States. Building off of historiography that investigates regulations of postwar teenage sexuality and recent scholarly work that acknowledges the link between sexuality and civil rights, I argue that movie theatres had a uniquely delayed desegregation process due to perceived sexual intrigue of the dark, private theatre space. Through analysis of drive-in and hardtop theatres, censorship of on-screen content, and youth involvement in desegregation, I contend that anxieties of interracial intimacy and unsupervised teenage sexuality produced this especially prolonged integration process.
Editorial, Diego Armus
Editorial, Diego Armus
History Faculty Works
Presentación del dossier N° 29: Historia de las vacunas y la vacunación en Iberoamérica. Siglos XX y XXI, coordinado por la Dra. Adriana Álvarez, el Dr. Adrián Carbonetti y la Dra. María Silvia di Liscia.
The Culture Wars And The School District Of Philadelphia's African American History Mandate: 1980-2005, Ruby Schlaker , '22
The Culture Wars And The School District Of Philadelphia's African American History Mandate: 1980-2005, Ruby Schlaker , '22
Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards
In February 2005, the School Reform Commission of the School District of Philadelphia (SDP) convened and unanimously passed the “Resolution for African American Studies.” The resolution made Philadelphia the first and only district in the United States to mandate a year-long, African American history course as a graduation requirement. In the years since 2005, district-level mandates and requirements to, in some capacity, incorporate African American history into curricula have proliferated nationwide. Still, to date, Philadelphia is the only school district in the nation with a mandate to teach African American history (AAH) through the specific policy mechanism of a mandated, …
Bastardy And The New Poor Law: Redefining The Undeserving, Bianca M. Serbin
Bastardy And The New Poor Law: Redefining The Undeserving, Bianca M. Serbin
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
The English New Poor Law, enacted in 1834, signaled a new era of welfare in England, shedding the paternalistic provision of aid that was characteristic of the Old Poor Law. Existing scholarship positions the New Poor Law as an important landmark in the capitalist development of the English economy. This paper analyzes the text of the Bastardy Clause of the New Poor Law––which overturned the existing bastardy laws and said that mothers of illegitimate children could no longer receive aid from the parish––and contextualizes it as a major rethinking of charity in 19th century England. The debate on the …
Property Laws, White Settler Power And The Kingdom Of Hawai’I, Martin Rakowszczyk
Property Laws, White Settler Power And The Kingdom Of Hawai’I, Martin Rakowszczyk
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
Hawai’ian property laws in the 19th century, while intended to provide for the transition of the islands to a European mode of commerce and allow for greater prosperity, weakened the power of Native Hawai`ian subjects and ultimately contributed to European planter power and the eventual annexation of the islands. Prior to European contact, land in the Kingdom of Hawai`i was communally owned and not treated as a tradable commodity. However, forced to settle foreign debts, the Hawai’ian government instituted land reform intended to raise money and maintain Hawai’ian sovereignty. Given the constant threat of annexation by Western powers and …
The Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme: A Site Of Change And Conservatism, Jane A. O'Connell
The Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme: A Site Of Change And Conservatism, Jane A. O'Connell
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
By focusing on the notorious Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme, this paper examines the evolution of British development policy in an East African colony throughout the pre-and post-war eras. I begin by detailing the historiography of writing on the Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme, connecting the shift in tone and focus of historians to broader trends in academia and perceptions of Africa, and then continue to provide an overview of pre-war colonial policy in Tanganyika. After laying out this framework, I highlight the profound impact of World War Two on British thought and the ways in which this translated to development policy, accounting for …
Portrait Of Same-Sex Desire: Lesbian (Mis)Representations In Nineteenth-Century French Art, Jessica N. Mummert
Portrait Of Same-Sex Desire: Lesbian (Mis)Representations In Nineteenth-Century French Art, Jessica N. Mummert
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
In late nineteenth-century France, lesbianism became a heightened topic of interest due to scientific, social, and political discourse surrounding female sexuality. From this discourse stemmed a small but significant outpouring of lesbian artworks by male artists. Rendering the lesbian as a hypervisible, hypersexual figure for men to project their desires and fears onto, these artworks communicated concerns over sexuality, morality, feminism, class, and gender roles. Traditionally, historiography on this topic tends to focus on one mode of lesbian representation at a time or discusses lesbian art en masse. This scholarship has highlighted some different representations and the social circumstances that …
Cinquante Cinq Millions De Français?: French Propaganda During The Algerian Revolution, Amaya Escandon
Cinquante Cinq Millions De Français?: French Propaganda During The Algerian Revolution, Amaya Escandon
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
In the late 1950’s to early 1960’s, the visual landscape of Algerian communities would have included walls plastered with various posters and pamphlets in both French and Arabic urging them to “talk,” or to enlist in the French Army, or to “say yes to France and Algeria,” or to say “Yes to Peace.” During the Algerian Revolution, a conflict of urban warfare, terrorism, torture, and no detectable enemy for the French to target, both sides recognized that the war would be won through political control of the population. One of the ways they fought for this control was through visual …
Reevaluating The Pension System: The Struggles Of Black Widows Following The Civil War, Samantha E. Carney
Reevaluating The Pension System: The Struggles Of Black Widows Following The Civil War, Samantha E. Carney
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
Following the Civil War, the United States government invested heavily in the U.S. Pension Bureau: a government agency that distributed monetary aid to wounded veterans. This paper discusses the impact of race and gender with regards to pensions in black communities, as evidenced by the pension files of the 34th Regiment of the South Carolina United States Colored Troops. In particular, it addresses the lack of education and documentation amongst black widows which was largely due to their enslavement, in concert with the inherent racist and sexist prejudice of white Special Examiners hired by the Pension Bureau. This combination …
Social Production Of An Internal Colony: Urban Space In Black Chicago, 1945-1970, Connor M. Barnes
Social Production Of An Internal Colony: Urban Space In Black Chicago, 1945-1970, Connor M. Barnes
Swarthmore Undergraduate History Journal
Utilizing an internal colonial model combined with Henri Lefebvre’s ideas about the social production of space, this paper argues the urban space in Black Chicago was intentionally constructed to maximize the control and exploitation of Black Chicagoans. Driven by material interests, primarily, and inextricably tied to America’s race-based hierarchy, hegemonic institutions confined and restricted Black space via discriminatory housing practices to ensure continued economic exploitation. To enforce the spatial barriers they had erected, hegemonic institutions weaponized the police force, using it to occupy and control Black space. This essay establishes theoretical background of internal colonialism and social production of space, …
Superdome Services, Inc.: Tracing The Convergence Between Black Enterprise And Neoliberalism In A Post-Civil Rights Era New Orleans, 1974-1977, Daniel Pantini , '22
Superdome Services, Inc.: Tracing The Convergence Between Black Enterprise And Neoliberalism In A Post-Civil Rights Era New Orleans, 1974-1977, Daniel Pantini , '22
Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards
Utilizing records drawn from New Orleans’ Times Picayune and Louisiana Weekly newspapers, this research paper will attempt to explore early manifestations of neoliberalism during the 1970s Superdome controversy. In 1974 a predominantly-Black firm, Superdome Services, Inc. (SSI) was awarded a multi-million-dollar contract to manage the new Superdome, making them the largest Black-owned public contractor in the country. Within 3 years, political and media campaigns emphasizing on the company and its leaders’ alleged incompetence, theft, and criminality led to the cancellation of their contract and privatization of Superdome management. This paper will attempt to relate the press coverage of this era …