History Commons^™

Ben-Ur, "The Absorption Of Outsiders: Gibraltarians And North Africans In London's Portuguese Jewish Community" (First Page Only).Pdf, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

"The ‘Spanish Jewish Project:’ Reciprocity In An Age Of Westernization”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

“Relative Property: Close-Kin Ownership In American Slave Societies”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

Most historians of slavery in the Americas treat masters of color who owned their own kin as an oddity, a scribal error, or as a topic to evade. Most others conclude that ruthlessly capitalistic owners reserved such behavior for slaves unrelated to them, and owned their own kin as slaves in name only, with the intention of providing protection and eventual manumission. This article considers several cases of close-kin ownership, particularly in Suriname, and explores the role of coercive economy in families emerging from enslavement, arguing that the capitalistic values of slaveholding pervaded families approaching freedom, often informing both their …

“Kabbalistic Pharmacopeia: Wellbeing In The Atlantic Jewish World”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

This article describes and analyzes a rare manuscript bearing the lead title Ta‘alumot Hokhmah and purchased at auction in 2013. The document was composed by many hands and in many lands, largely in Portuguese and Dutch, with significant portions in French and Italian, and a smattering of Spanish, English, German, and Yiddish. Most manifestly, it is a receipt book, a compendium of medical, culinary, and housekeeping recipes, sometimes mingled with kabbalistic directives; it also incorporates memoirs and biographical annotations. The multiple layers of text collectively represent the transmission of knowledge within a single family and mark the major transitions that …

“Archival Practices: The Creation Of A Portuguese Jewish Identity", Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

This article discusses the relationship of Caribbean Jews to their communal archives, focusing on the Dutch colonies of Curaçao and Suriname, homes to the largest Jewish communities in the eighteenth-century Americas.

"Identity Imperative: Ottoman Jews In Wartime And Interwar Britain", Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

By the onset of World War I, hundreds of Ottoman immigrants, including a significant proportion of Jews, were living and trading in Britain. During wartime and through much of the interwar period, these multi-ethnic Ottomans were automatically classified as enemy aliens, subject at times to internment and deportation, stripped of their freedom of movement, and uniformly barred from citizenship. Drawing on nearly sixty recently declassified naturalization applications of Ottoman Jews, this article discusses the prosopography of Middle Eastern newcomers, nativism and xenophobia, and the role of the state in shaping national and ethnic identities, focusing on the British government’s invention …

"Adultery Here And There: Crossing Sexual Boundaries In The Dutch Jewish Atlantic",, Aviva Ben-Ur, Jessica Vance Roitman

Aviva Ben-Ur

This article uses real and imagined cases of adultery to explore the social status and experiences of individuals and groups often overlooked in the historiography of the Dutch Atlantic world: women, Jews, and enslaved and free peoples of African ancestry. The adulterous act, the trials that ensued, and the offspring sometimes produced from these liaisons, touch on some key discussions about the Atlantic world now current in scholarly circles: the transmission of rumors, the roles enslaved and manumitted peoples played in shaping white-dominated societies, the development and inter-communal use of Caribbean Creole languages, racialized sexual double standards, notions of public …

“Atlantic Jewish History: A Conceptual Reorientation”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

This chapter explores the radical implications of an Atlantic perspective on American Jewish history, based on an analysis of select primary sources from The Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica, housed at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Such an Atlantic perspective allows us to revise the national interpretation of “American” Jewish history, commonly taken to mean the United States, reminding us of its plural hemispheric meaning (Americas) and allowing us to envision an Atlantic Jewish world connecting four continents: Europe, Africa, South and North America. Adopting a chronological-thematic approach, this chapter identifies three key areas for analysis: …

Ben-Ur, %22when Spanish Is No Longer A Jewish Language%22.Pdf, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

Purim In The Public Eye: Leisure, Violence, And Cultural Convergence In The Dutch Atlantic, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

In its public and ecumenical nature, the celebration of Purim in Suriname and Curaçao in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was unparalleled in the Atlantic world. White Christians and slaves actively participated in the revelry and by the early 1800s, Purim showed signs of having become the colony’s carnival, a non-sectarian festivity with strong Afro-Creole attributes. This small corner of the social fabric, manifested in shared cultural performance, more approximates latticework than the separate spheres, ordered upon hierarchy and violence, that most obviously undergirded daily life in Caribbean slave societies. This public prominence of Purim reflects the three major …

“The Cultural Heritage Of Eurafrican Sephardi Jews In Suriname”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

“Mair José Benardete,” In Norman Stillman, Ed., Encyclopedia Of Jews In The Islamic World 403-404., Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

A biography of Hispanist Mair José Benardete.

“Architecture Of Autonomy: The Blessing And Peace Synagogue Of Suriname”, Aviva Ben-Ur, Rachel Frankel

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

“A Matriarchal Matter: Slavery, Conversion, And Upward Mobility In Colonial Suriname”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

“Peripheral Inclusion: Communal Belonging In Suriname’S Sephardic Community”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

This article compares the membership status of Eurafricans in the Portuguese Jewish communities of Curaçao and Suriname. In the former colony, free people of African origin were almost entirely barred from admission, whereas in Suriname manumitted Africans and their descendants were included as members, albeit sidelined to the margins, a phenomenon I term "peripheral inclusion."

“Peripheral Inclusion: Communal Belonging In Suriname’S Sephardic Community”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

This article compares the membership status of Eurafricans in the Portuguese Jewish communities of Curaçao and Suriname. In the former colony, free people of African origin were almost entirely barred from admission, whereas in Suriname manumitted Africans and their descendants were included as members, albeit sidelined to the margins, a phenomenon I term "peripheral inclusion."

“A Bridge Of Communication: Spaniards And Ottoman Sephardic Jews In The City Of New York (1880-1950)", Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

“Sephardim In America,” In Stephen H. Norwood And Eunice G. Pollack, Eds., Encyclopedia Of American Jewish History, 2 Vol., Vol. 1, Pp.1-9, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

“Peripheral Inclusion: Communal Belonging In Suriname’S Sephardic Community, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

This chapter considers the presence of Eurafricans in the Jewries of early modern Suriname and Curaçao, arguing that these individuals, who formed a separate, organized entity in Suriname by the 1790s, were in various forms members of the Jewish community, although only in terms of "peripheral inclusion."

‘Distingués Des Autres Juifs:’ Les Séfarades Des Caraïbes ('Distinguished From Other Jews:' Sephardim In The Caribbean), Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

“Still Life: Sephardi, Ashkenazi And West African Art And Form In Suriname’S Jewish Cemeteries”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

“Funny, You Don’T Look Jewish!: ‘Passing’ And The Elasticity Of Ethnic Identity Among Levantine Sephardic Immigrants In Early Twentieth Century America”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

“The Exceptional And The Mundane: A Biographical Portrait Of Rebecca Machado Phillips, 1746-1831”, Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.

We Speak And Write This Language Against Our Will’: Jews, Hispanics, And The Dilemma Of Ladino-Speaking Sephardim In Early 20th Century New York", Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

"The Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) Press In The United States, 1910-1948", Aviva Ben-Ur

Aviva Ben-Ur

No abstract provided.