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Full-Text Articles in History

Ike’S Constitutional Venturing: The Institutionalization Of The Cia, Covert Action, And American Interventionism, Jacob A. Bruggeman Nov 2018

Ike’S Constitutional Venturing: The Institutionalization Of The Cia, Covert Action, And American Interventionism, Jacob A. Bruggeman

Grand Valley Journal of History

U.S. covert action from the 1950s onward was shaped, in part, by the success a CIA-orchestrated coup d'état in which the United States deposed the popular Iranian nationalist Mohammed Mossadegh. Ordered by president Eisenhower, the coup in Iran set the precedent for utilizing covert action as a means of achieving State goals. In so doing, President Eisenhower overturned the precedent set by his immediate predecessor, President Truman: that is, the precedent of using the CIA in its intended function, gathering and evaluating intelligence. The coup, then, is an exemplary case of venture constitutionalism. Eisenhower, in ordering the coup, extended his …


The United States And Spain: A Comparison Of Cultural Values And Behaviors And Their Implications For The Multi-Cultural Workplace, Jessie Kooyers Jan 2015

The United States And Spain: A Comparison Of Cultural Values And Behaviors And Their Implications For The Multi-Cultural Workplace, Jessie Kooyers

Honors Projects

As globalization becomes increasingly relevant, international business environments are more culturally diverse than ever before. Ethnic diversity in the workplace provides many opportunities for enrichment, however, many managers and employees remain ill-equipped for the task of evaluating, understanding, and maximizing the power of a multi-cultural workforce. Using social psychologist Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, this piece seeks to uncover, define, and explore the key cultural differences that exist between the United States and Spain, specifically as they impact business engagements, workplace interaction, and intercultural management. It also provides some general guidelines for conducting cross-cultural negotiations between the two cultures.