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Articles 1 - 30 of 47
Full-Text Articles in History
Contextualizing George Orwell: How Orwell's Life Experiences Influenced His Most Famous Novels, Jonah Ridgley
Contextualizing George Orwell: How Orwell's Life Experiences Influenced His Most Famous Novels, Jonah Ridgley
History and Political Science | Senior Theses
George Orwell is one of the most celebrated authors of the 20th century. His most famous novels, Animal Farm and 1984, serve as insightful commentaries on the horrors of totalitarianism. These two books have been studied extensively and incorporated into public and political discourse since his death in 1950. Contemporary right-wing and left-wing leaders and pundits both continue to reference the concepts and language in Orwell’s books to support their respective stances on various issues. Additionally, they have been presented to high schoolers and college students as simplified anti-communist novels or pro-capitalist propaganda during the Cold War. However, Orwell’s work …
From “This Revolution Is Neither Communist Nor Capitalist!” To “Long Live The Socialist Revolution:” The Deterioration Of U.S.-Cuban Relations From 1958-1961, Julia Lyne
Honors Projects
This thesis studies the deterioration of U.S.-Cuban relations from 1958-1961. Mainly drawing from primary sources from the National Archives, it seeks to answer and understand how and why relations deteriorated so rapidly. It pushes against the common belief that U.S.-Cuban relations were doomed from the start, instead highlighting in Chapter One Fidel Castro’s rise to power (and Fulgencio Batista’s fall from power) and revealing that the U.S. government was not entirely against Castro’s seizure of power. Chapter Two explores Castro’s first year in power and the (futile) attempts made by both governments to keep relations alive. Finally, it closes with …
National In Form: Language Reform And Romanization In The Early People’S Republic Of China, Nicholas E. Demick
National In Form: Language Reform And Romanization In The Early People’S Republic Of China, Nicholas E. Demick
Senior Projects Spring 2023
Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College.
Explaining Suharto's Rise And Fall: International And Domestic Variables, Julia Batanghari
Explaining Suharto's Rise And Fall: International And Domestic Variables, Julia Batanghari
Undergraduate Honors Theses
For three decades (1968-1998), Indonesia was led by President Suharto, whose authoritarian military regime is remembered for its corruption and brutality. This paper offers an analysis of Suharto’s rule through the lens of two events: his 1965 purge of local ‘communists’ and the riots of May 1998. Drawing comparisons between the two, I delve into systemic causes by considering the influence of domestic and international variables. Exploring links between intergroup accommodation and democracy reveals that Suharto’s lack of ethnic, socioeconomic, and religious inclusivity paved the way not only for the anti-Chinese sentiment which pervaded Indonesian society during his presidency, but …
International Connection, Domestic Radicalization: The Connection Between East Asia And Black Radicals, Randy O. Felder
International Connection, Domestic Radicalization: The Connection Between East Asia And Black Radicals, Randy O. Felder
War, Diplomacy, and Society (MA) Theses
Utilizing newspapers, journals and pamphlets, this thesis examines the ways that the Black Power movement, primarily in the 1960’s connected with East Asian countries.
Differentiating between the Black Power and the Civil Rights groups, this thesis will show why and how the Black Power movement needed international allies such as China and Vietnam.
Showing that the connection between the East Asia and Black Power groups was due to racism, imperialism, and Maoism, I argue that Black Power individuals/groups were influenced by East Asia and saw these countries as a blueprint for revolution in America. This thesis also analyzes the significance …
“Attracted By The Light But Repelled By The Heat”: The Final Years Of The Southern Conference Educational Fund (Scef) And The Turn To The New Communist Movement In The South., Hannah C. White
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses
This thesis focuses on the final years of the Southern Conference Educational Fund (SCEF), including the organization’s split in 1973. During the late sixties and early seventies, SCEF operated, with its headquarters in Louisville, as an interracial southern civil rights organization that focused on organizing whites in the struggle against racism, oppression, and exploitation. This thesis unpacks SCEF’s relationship with Louisville’s Black Panther Party and examines the ways in which interracial organizing grew to be more problematic during the turn of the decade with the rise of nationalism, Black Power, and a new attention to the intransigent racism that continued …
Maledictum Bulgaricus: Bulgaria’S Perpetual Stagnation Due To Its Negative National Narrative And Political Nostalgia, Yoana Sidzhimova
Maledictum Bulgaricus: Bulgaria’S Perpetual Stagnation Due To Its Negative National Narrative And Political Nostalgia, Yoana Sidzhimova
CMC Senior Theses
This thesis explores how Bulgaria has internalized negative outcomes in occupation, war, and it's transition to a democracy to fuel a negative national narrative and lead to the rise of political nostalgia. Then negativity and degree of political nostalgia in Bulgaria has only increased with time, stagnating the nation's development.
"Unite The Left": Contextualizing Bukharin's Abc Of Communism And Berkman's Abc Of Anarchism, David Hayter
"Unite The Left": Contextualizing Bukharin's Abc Of Communism And Berkman's Abc Of Anarchism, David Hayter
Theses and Dissertations
In 1919, Nikolai Bukharin, the leading theoretician of the Bolshevik Party, published a manual entitled The ABC of Communism meant to put the governing ideology of the newly formed Soviet State into eminently readable terms. Alexander Berkman, a Russian Anarchist who strongly supported the October Revolution, became disillusioned with the new regime in 1921 and left the country. He later published his own tract entitled The ABC of Anarchism. This thesis pits these two theoretical works against each other as historical documents embodying the nature of leftist polemics that has characterized the movement since the dissolution of the First …
The Bohemian Bolsheviks, Dale Cook
The Bohemian Bolsheviks, Dale Cook
Masters Theses, 2020-current
This project used two socialist magazines to analyze the relationship between radical politics and the historical moment. Political radicals worked outside of the mainstream and aimed to influence the creation of a dramatically different future. The question then was how did a group of radicals like those that worked on The Masses and the Liberator deal with the open contingency of history, that their imagined future may never come or could appear in a different form than they imagined, and how did they communicate that vision of the future in an intelligible way. Based on the magazines, I argued that …
No Ordinary Times: Reason For And Reactions During The First Red Scare., Timothy Setter
No Ordinary Times: Reason For And Reactions During The First Red Scare., Timothy Setter
Master's Theses
With American involvement in World War I a drastic change in United States domestic policy occurred. Through the use of wartime Espionage and Sedition Acts came the tool to begin a campaign of suppression of political radicals. This came as the compounding of earlier events like the Los Angeles Times bombing in 1910 occurred with a campaign of anarchist bombings, a growing number of strikes, and wartime propaganda created a setting allowing for government officials to carry out raids, arrests, and both a censoring and punishment of speech. Between the actions of groups and government officials this caused an escalation …
Eleanor Lansing Dulles And The Fate Of Berlin: 1953-1989, Chad Everett Shelley
Eleanor Lansing Dulles And The Fate Of Berlin: 1953-1989, Chad Everett Shelley
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
At the end of the Second World War, Berliners lived in a war-ravaged city and faced occupation under Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. The occupation of Berlin and Germany became a competition between capitalism and communism. East Germany became a communist nation while West Germany recovered under the supervision of capitalist nations. In the 1950s West Berlin found a new ally in the director of the Berlin Desk at United States Department of State, Eleanor Lansing Dulles.
Eleanor Dulles came from a privileged family who participated in American diplomacy at the end of the nineteenth …
Mao’S War On Women: The Perpetuation Of Gender Hierarchies Through Yin-Yang Cosmology In The Chinese Communist Propaganda Of The Mao Era, 1949-1976, Al D. Roberts
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
The Chinese Communist Party established the People’s Republic of China in 1949 with the intention of creating a social utopia with equality between the sexes and China’s diverse ethnic groups. However, by portraying gender, ethnicity, and politics in propaganda along the lines of yin and yang, the Party perpetuated a situation of oppression for women and minorities.
Love And Refusal: Contrasting Dialectical Interpretations And Its Implications In The Works Of Erich Fromm And Herbert Marcuse, 1941-1969, Cole Mantell
Honors Papers
This thesis is an intellectual history of dialecticism and its use in the works of the Frankfurt School members, Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse. Famously, these two men had a ferocious and polemical debate in the pages of Dissent Magazine in 1955-56. The Fromm-Marcuse Debate has since become almost the sole lens in which the intellectual differences and similarities between these men are analyzed. Through a comparative and historical analysis of their individual work, largely removed from the Dissent Debate, I offer a new interpretation of their conflict, their personal relationship, and a new perspective on critical theory and its …
American Bolsheviki: The First Red Scare In The United States, 1917 To 1920, Jonathan Dunning
American Bolsheviki: The First Red Scare In The United States, 1917 To 1920, Jonathan Dunning
Murray State Theses and Dissertations
This thesis looks to reframe the timeline of the First Red Scare in United States History. Historians of this period have consistently viewed the First Red Scare as occurring from 1919 to 1920. However, by viewing the First Red Scare as beginning in 1919, historians missed the fear of communism that developed in the US government and the American press and society throughout 1917 and 1918, starting immediately after the Bolshevik Revolution. Moreover, in the past, historians have done little to detail the connections between the Allied Intervention in Russia from 1918 to 1920 and the First Red Scare, despite …
Liberation By Emigration: Italian Communists, The Cold War, And West-East Migration From Venezia Giulia, 1945-1949, Luke Gramith
Liberation By Emigration: Italian Communists, The Cold War, And West-East Migration From Venezia Giulia, 1945-1949, Luke Gramith
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports
In the years after World War II, several thousand Italians from the Italo-Yugoslav borderlands emigrated eastward across the emerging Iron Curtain, hoping to start new and better lives in Communist Yugoslavia. This dissertation explores what these migrants hoped Communism would be and how the experiences of everyday life under the preceding Fascist dictatorship shaped these hopes. It suggests that these Italians envisioned Communist society as one purged of certain social categories—shopkeepers, foremen, and piecework clerks—who had become known as quintessential Fascists due to the way Fascism interwove itself with local power. Marxist doctrine played a relatively minor role in shaping …
A History And Analysis Relevant To The Us Border: A.K.A. "Fuck The Border”, Cole Rainey-Slavick
A History And Analysis Relevant To The Us Border: A.K.A. "Fuck The Border”, Cole Rainey-Slavick
Senior Projects Spring 2019
Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College.
Borders are proliferating throughout the world today; dividing the core from the periphery, racially excluding vulnerable peoples, and facilitating the exploitation of labor. But, it has not always been like this. Borders were once limited only to a small scattering of city states, and even these borders looked little like those of today in terms of their enforcement or function. Where do borders come from? What do they do? What social forces produce and alter them? What is the history of the US border? What is the border …
Betraying Revolution: The Foundations Of The Japanese Communist Party, Matthew J. Crooke
Betraying Revolution: The Foundations Of The Japanese Communist Party, Matthew J. Crooke
Master's Projects and Capstones
With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and China’s restoration of capitalism, it is easy to dismiss the relevancy of socialism today. Yet, the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) has enjoyed success at the polls and recognition as a serious opponent of the government of Abe Shinzō. The JCP however is not making a push for power. Instead, it supports liberal opposition parties, most recently throwing its weight behind the new Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP) in the October 2017 general election. A future CDP government in Japan could include the JCP as a coalition partner. Does …
Ah Louis And His Family’S Legacy At Cal Poly And The Area Of San Luis Obispo, Mariah Fiske
Ah Louis And His Family’S Legacy At Cal Poly And The Area Of San Luis Obispo, Mariah Fiske
Cal Poly's History: Student Research Reports
This paper examines the history and unique experience of Ah Louis and his children and their effects on making the area of San Luis Obispo and Cal Poly more accepting to Chinese and Chinese Americans. The paper will also examine past and current issues of discrimination towards Chinese and Chinese Americans at Cal Poly and in the area of San Luis Obispo in comparison to the state of California. The oldest son of Ah Louis, Young Louis, was incredibly instrumental in creating acceptance at Cal Poly and the community through his founding and work in the Chinese Student Association. The …
The Complexity Of Canadian Anti-Communism, 1945-1967, Ian Muller
The Complexity Of Canadian Anti-Communism, 1945-1967, Ian Muller
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This dissertation argues that the history of anti-communism in English Canada between 1945 and 1967 is more diverse and complicated than traditionally acknowledged. Often dispersed throughout the scholarship as elements of other Cold War topics, including espionage, state surveillance, and policing, anti-communism is the central subject of this investigation. A series of case studies are used to analyze individual encounters with the state and civic engagement with the domestic threat of communism. The unique politico-cultural approach of this dissertation will bolster Canada’s Cold War historiography by investigating both public and private manifestations of anti-communism.
The intersections of public safety, the …
Experiences Of Soviet Women Combatants During World War Ii, Michelle De Jesus Reyes
Experiences Of Soviet Women Combatants During World War Ii, Michelle De Jesus Reyes
History Theses
World War II was arguably the most heroic event in the history of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), so much that it was known as the “Great Patriotic War.” Tens of millions of Russians were killed during the large scale conflict against their “fascist foes.” Still, the large population of the USSR were moved to action primarily by mass propaganda distributed by the Communist Party leaders. Women played a large role during the war, not just in the factories on the home front or as partisans, but as combat nurses and snipers as well. Since the losses …
The Katyn Massacre: Cover-Up, Suppression, And The Politics Of War, From An American Perspective, Joe Grundhoefer
The Katyn Massacre: Cover-Up, Suppression, And The Politics Of War, From An American Perspective, Joe Grundhoefer
Departmental Honors Projects
Abstract
In the spring of 1940, roughly twenty two thousand Polish officers, the cream of Poland’s intelligentsia, were executed in Katyn forest. While the Soviet Union blamed Nazi Germany for the massacre, in the past seventy years all gathered evidence including documents from the Soviet archives, point out to the Soviet Union as responsible for the killings. However, the British and American governments, who had knowledge of the Katyn Massacre, were engaged in a suppression of the truth, during the war and into the early years of the Cold War, even while they confronted the Soviet Union over Poland’s independence. …
“What Sort Of Communists Are You?” The Struggle Between Nationalism And Ideology In Poland Between 1944 And 1956, Jan Ryszard Kozdra
“What Sort Of Communists Are You?” The Struggle Between Nationalism And Ideology In Poland Between 1944 And 1956, Jan Ryszard Kozdra
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
The period between 1944 and 1956, also known as the “Stalinist period”, is one of the most controversial and turbulent in Polish history. The Polish communist party launched the project of restructuring Polish society, whose historically wellestablished national identity seemed incompatible with the communist project. Firstly, the communists effected a demographic change that resulted in a near monoethnic state. Simultaneously, they introduced a centrally planned economy, transformed state symbolism, initiated a national education system, attempted to reshape popular attitudes to religion, and launched a massive propaganda campaign to reinforce and popularize their objectives.
This study seeks to investigate the communists’ …
The Development Of Chinese Feminism On Weibo, Mengmeng Liu
The Development Of Chinese Feminism On Weibo, Mengmeng Liu
Global Honors Theses
Developed from Western feminism(s), Chinese feminism is based on a belief in gender equality. This paper unwraps a brief history of the development of Chinese feminism through the aspects of Confucianism and communism, which reinforced patriarchy as the dominant ideology in the society. Under the influence of Confucianism, the traditional culture in China considers women as reproductive tools, and believes that men are superior to women. The patriarchy essentially undermines the development of Chinese feminism that has influenced not only the imbalanced gender distribution in modern society, but also people’s perspectives on Chinese feminism. However, compared to their predecessors, who …
Ulu Boyar, Caleb True
Ulu Boyar, Caleb True
English Theses & Dissertations
Set during the Russian Civil War (1918-1922), ULU BOYAR traces the uprising of the Drinsk Cossacks against the tyranny of the Kiev Bolsheviks, who have taken residence in the sacristy of the holy of holies, the Cathedral of Saint Sophia. An homage to Nikolai Gogol's paean of the ancestral Cossacks, the historical satire ULU BOYAR utilizes the steampunk furniture of the Russian Civil War to weave a hilarious and hyperbolic epic of Ukrainian patriotism and resistance for an era of renewed Ukrainian-Russian antagonism.
Containing Communism In Texas: How The Right Interpreted The Cold War, 1945-1965, Frank Delao Delao
Containing Communism In Texas: How The Right Interpreted The Cold War, 1945-1965, Frank Delao Delao
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The United States Cold War policy was based on Containment: a strategy of containing communism where it existed and keeping it from spreading throughout the rest of the world. The Red Scare was a manifestation of the perceived failures to fully accomplish that goal. A belief existed that communists had infiltrated into the U.S. and were threatening to derail American society. In Texas, that fear was attached to changes taking place in society that either went against the status quo or simply threatened the traditional way of life in the state. The radical Right viewed communism as the main influence …
The Long Red Scare: Anarchism, Antiradicalism, And Ideological Exclusion In The Progressive Era, Adam Quinn
The Long Red Scare: Anarchism, Antiradicalism, And Ideological Exclusion In The Progressive Era, Adam Quinn
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
From 1919 to 1920 the United States carried out a massive campaign against radicals, arresting and deporting thousands of radical immigrants in a matter of months, raiding and shutting down anarchist printing shops, and preventing anarchists from sending both periodicals and personal communications through the mail. This period is widely known as the First Red Scare, and is framed as a reaction to recent anarchist terrorism, syndicalist unionizing, and the Bolshevik Revolution. Though the 1919-20 First Red Scare was certainly unprecedented in its scope, it was made possible through a longer campaign against radicals, throughout which the US government constructed …
If I Had A Hammer: American Folk Music And The Radical Left, Sarah C. Kerley
If I Had A Hammer: American Folk Music And The Radical Left, Sarah C. Kerley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Folk music is one of the most popular forms of music today; artists such as Mumford and Sons and the Carolina Chocolate Drops are giving new life to an age-old music. It was not until the 1950s that new popular interest in folk music began. Earlier, folk music was used by leftist organizations as a means to reach the masses. It assumed because of this history that many folk artists are sympathetic to the Left. By looking at the years from 1905-1975 with the end of the Vietnam War, this study hopes to present the notion that even though these …
“All That Is Necessary For The Triumph Of Evil Is That Good Men Do Nothing”: Anticommunism, Protestant Christianity, And State Sovereignty In The Civil Rights Era South, Taylor O. Herring
“All That Is Necessary For The Triumph Of Evil Is That Good Men Do Nothing”: Anticommunism, Protestant Christianity, And State Sovereignty In The Civil Rights Era South, Taylor O. Herring
Honors Theses
During the decade after Brown v. Board of Education, civil rights advocates faced segregationist opposition due to both socially ingrained white supremacy and the widespread fear of Communism in the United States. Although the Supreme Court officially mandated racial integration in 1954, segregationist groups like the White Citizens’ Council and the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission organized to oppose the Brown ruling’s implementation. This thesis uses segregationist propaganda material, newspapers, periodicals, and agency correspondences to examine the tactics of those who hoped to preserve racial inequality. In particular, this study focuses on the impact that anti-Communist rhetoric had on the …
The Struggle Is Real: Propaganda And Workers Songbooks Published By The Workers Music League, 1934-35, Jennifer Meixelsperger
The Struggle Is Real: Propaganda And Workers Songbooks Published By The Workers Music League, 1934-35, Jennifer Meixelsperger
Theses and Dissertations
In New York City, the 1930s saw an explosion of artistic activity through the growth of literary John Reed Clubs, Workers Theatres, and in music: the Composers Collective and Pierre Degeyter Club. These music organizations can trace their roots ultimately back to the Communist Party of the United States, and then to Comintern. They worked together with the goal of creating a distinctly “proletarian music,” which arguably culminated in the 1934 and 1935 releases of two Workers Songbooks. Together, these Songbooks serve as examples of the organizations’ attempts to create proletarian music, and also as examples of neutral propaganda, as …
Cult Of Personality: North Korea Under Kim Il-Sung, Tyler Lutz
Cult Of Personality: North Korea Under Kim Il-Sung, Tyler Lutz
Senior Capstone Theses
This paper is about origins of the totalitarian regime in North Korea and it's founding father, Kim Il-Sung. Specifically, the paper talks about how Kim was able to rise to power, the cult of personality he was able to construct around himself, and how he is deified through propaganda.