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Articles 1 - 30 of 179
Full-Text Articles in History
Featured Piece: 1619, 1776, 2023, Timothy J. Shannon
Featured Piece: 1619, 1776, 2023, Timothy J. Shannon
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This year’s featured piece was written by Timothy Shannon, a professor in the History department. Professor Shannon teaches early American, Native American, and British history at Gettysburg College and serves as the faculty adviser for the Gettysburg Historical Journal. His research focuses on Native American-European relations in eighteenth-century North America.
Letter From The Editors, Jordan C. Cerone, Carly A. Jensen
Letter From The Editors, Jordan C. Cerone, Carly A. Jensen
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
We are proud to present this year’s twenty-second edition of The Gettysburg Historical Journal. Having finally overcome the Covid-19 pandemic, the editors of the journal have had the opportunity to work together and with professors in person that we did not experience in the past two years. Coming out of the pandemic invigorated and ready to work, The Gettysburg Historical Journal received a plethora of submissions from both Gettysburg College students and other students around the country. The works accepted this semester offer a wide range of research spanning topics from Revolutionary America to postcolonial efforts in Vietnam.
A Historical And Philosophical Comparison: Joseph De Maistre & Edmund Burke, Carl J. Demarco Jr.
A Historical And Philosophical Comparison: Joseph De Maistre & Edmund Burke, Carl J. Demarco Jr.
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Most historians have focused on the British thinker and statesman Edmund Burke, when discussing the development of Conservatism. He is often considered the “Father of Conservatism” as his principal work Reflections on the Revolution in France inspired generations of conservative thinkers. However, another conservative thinker was writing during the same period as Burke and has been relatively lost to history. Joseph de Maistre, was developing conservative thought at the same time as Burke, but has received little to no credit for the influence he held. The aim of this paper is to show that Maistre was just as influential in …
Front Matter
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Front Matter of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2023
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2023
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2023
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Complete Issue of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2023
Huelgas En El Campo: Mexican Workers, Strikes And Political Radicalism In The Us Southwest, 1920-1934, Patrick J. Artur
Huelgas En El Campo: Mexican Workers, Strikes And Political Radicalism In The Us Southwest, 1920-1934, Patrick J. Artur
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The political and economic conditions of Mexican workers in the American Southwest during the Interwar Period, their alignment with American and Mexican radical political traditions, and their labor struggles in the region’s agriculture.
To Bigotry No Sanction, To Persecution No Assistance: Jews In The American Revolutionary Period, Ziv R. Carmi
To Bigotry No Sanction, To Persecution No Assistance: Jews In The American Revolutionary Period, Ziv R. Carmi
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
While Jews were a small minority in the American colonies, they nonetheless participated in the American Revolution on both sides. This paper aims to evaluate the role of Jewish people in the conflict, contextualizing the experiences of this small minority within the larger narrative of the American Revolution and establishing their importance in the development of religious freedom in the United States. Through the examination of these topics, this paper aims to explore the Revolutionary period from the perspective of the Jewish-American, discussing their often-overlooked experiences in this watershed period within U.S. history.
Postcolonial Museums And National Identity In Vietnam, Reese W. Hollister
Postcolonial Museums And National Identity In Vietnam, Reese W. Hollister
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Following the Vietnam Wars, the nation of Vietnam used museums to construct its identity for both national and international audiences. This paper first investigates the colonial origins of Vietnam's museum landscape, stemming from French ethnographic museums in colonial Indochina. Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism then serves as the theoretical framework to understand Vietnamese nation's collective, historical memory of the French and American Wars. This paper concludes that the Vietnamese national identity is based on the shared trauma and socialist solidarity that arise from anti-colonial resistance. Museums both construct and preserve this national identity, …
The Reintegration Of The Loyalists In Post-Revolutionary America, Marco J. Lloyd
The Reintegration Of The Loyalists In Post-Revolutionary America, Marco J. Lloyd
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Most White Loyalists were able to successfully reintegrate into society after the American Revolution. They made their case through decisions to stay and petition for amnesty, which was helped by demonstrating that they embodied republican civic virtues and by making amends with their community. Americans were willing to accept them back into society because of republican ideals, exhaustion from the war, the desire to repair community cohesion, and the social ties that prevailed between both sides throughout the war.
The Spartacus Rebellion, More Than A Slave Revolt, Gavin J. Maziarz
The Spartacus Rebellion, More Than A Slave Revolt, Gavin J. Maziarz
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The Spartacus Revolt is commonly known for its titular leader, whose deeds have been romanticized in movies and other media. While Hollywood has led many to believe Spartacus was a revolutionary leader working to end slavery in the Roman Empire, this is not an accurate characterization. However, that does not mean that the Spartacus Revolt was nothing more than a historical footnote, although not for its leader. In fact, the revolt should be seen as a revolt of a middle class of veterans in the Roman Empire who wanted greater social standing than the end of the Social War had …
Lenses, Focus, And Fluidity: Lessons From Medieval Queer History, Reese Hollister
Lenses, Focus, And Fluidity: Lessons From Medieval Queer History, Reese Hollister
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The Medieval era is sometimes overlooked within the field of Queer and Transgender History, but a recent shift in focus has revealed new discoveries and interpretations. This historiographical analysis posits that in the Middle Ages, gender and sexuality were much more fluid than previously believed.
Monuments Of Legitimacy: 17th Century Tokugawa-Sponsored Architecture As Political Objects, Ziv R. Y. Carmi
Monuments Of Legitimacy: 17th Century Tokugawa-Sponsored Architecture As Political Objects, Ziv R. Y. Carmi
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This work aims to synthesize art history, historical memory, and Tokugawa-era Japanese politics with an art history approach and cultural analysis. It takes a more complete look at the politics of Tokugawa Ieyasu’s death and the significance of memorial and religious architecture as political works. It examines the utilization of architecture as a way to elevate and legitimize the Tokugawa, demonstrating that policy was not the only way for the Tokugawa to solidify their legacy and suggesting that key figures like Ieyasu were more important to the religious and political structures of Tokugawa Japan in death than they were in …
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2022
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2022
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Complete Issue of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2022
Front Matter
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Front Matter of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2022
Letter From The Editors, Erica Uszak, Jordan C. Cerone
Letter From The Editors, Erica Uszak, Jordan C. Cerone
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
We are proud to present this year’s twenty-first edition of The Gettysburg Historical Journal. Having spent the last two years working with each other and our authors over Zoom, the chance to meet in person with student editors and faculty advisors has given us an experience that the current editorial board has not had in the past. Despite the difficulties we continue to face since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic—mental exhaustion, uncertainty towards the future—we have been lucky enough to receive submissions from many Gettysburg College students, as well as a substantial number from undergraduate students outside of our …
Featured Piece: Ukraine Is Suffering, Bill Bowman
Featured Piece: Ukraine Is Suffering, Bill Bowman
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This year’s featured piece was written by William D. Bowman, a professor in the History and International & Global Studies Departments. Prof. Bowman’s research focuses on modern European history, with an interest in German/Austrian history and cultural in particular.
Hans Staden's Warhaftige Historia: How A Tale Of Brazilian Captivity Affirmed Staden's Protestant Identity, Joy Zanghi
Hans Staden's Warhaftige Historia: How A Tale Of Brazilian Captivity Affirmed Staden's Protestant Identity, Joy Zanghi
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Hans Staden’s Warhaftige Historia detailed his experience as a captive to the Tupinambá in Brazil in the 1550s. The text serves as a gateway into the minds of Europeans in Brazil during this time period. After spending years working for the Catholic Portuguese in Brazil and nine months as a captive, native Hessians viewed Staden as a “foreigner” upon his return to his homeland. Staden used his text as a way to confirm his identity as a staunch Protestant and a devoted Hessian through a dedication to Prince Philipp and numerous allusions to his faith. In addition to solidifying his …
The Complex Relationship Between Jews And African Americans In The Context Of The Civil Rights Movement, Hannah Labovitz
The Complex Relationship Between Jews And African Americans In The Context Of The Civil Rights Movement, Hannah Labovitz
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The Civil Rights Movement occurred throughout a substantial portion of the twentieth century, dedicated to fighting for equal rights for African Americans through various forms of activism. The movement had a profound impact on a number of different communities in the United States and around the world as demonstrated by the continued international attention marked by recent iterations of the Black Lives Matter and ‘Never Again’ movements. One community that had a complex reaction to the movement, played a major role within it, and was impacted by it was the American Jewish community. The African American community and the Jewish …
From Georgian England To The Arctic: Gender And Cultural Transformation In The Samuel Hearne Expeditions (1769-1772), Bridget B. Kennedy
From Georgian England To The Arctic: Gender And Cultural Transformation In The Samuel Hearne Expeditions (1769-1772), Bridget B. Kennedy
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
From 1769 to 1772, Samuel Hearne embarked on the first European overland expedition to the Arctic under orders from the Hudson’s Bay Company. In search of copper reserves and sites for future company forts, the Hudson’s Bay Company outfitted Hearne with a group of Chipewyan and Cree guides that would take him to the lands past the Arctic Circle where no other European had been. As the only European in his expedition party, Hearne had to quickly adapt to the Athabascan way of life and found his English and imperialist cultural ideas challenged by his native travel companions. Hearne also …
The Extraordinary Chambers In The Courts Of Cambodia: An Extraordinary Success Or An Ordinary Failure?, Vamika Jain
The Extraordinary Chambers In The Courts Of Cambodia: An Extraordinary Success Or An Ordinary Failure?, Vamika Jain
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This paper will examine the effectiveness of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia at providing some measure of transitional justice to the victims of the Khmer Rouge regime. It delves into an expanded role of tribunals that extends beyond the courtroom and seeks to highlight faults and success of the ECCC as lessons for future iterations of international courts and tribunals.
From Uneven Bars To Uneven Barriers: The Marginalization Of Black Women In Gymnastics, Chinaza K. Asiegbu
From Uneven Bars To Uneven Barriers: The Marginalization Of Black Women In Gymnastics, Chinaza K. Asiegbu
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Especially in sports that are societally regarded as feminine, such as gymnastics and figure skating, Eurocentric beauty standards are an unspoken feature of the game. Undergirded in ethnic disparities within gymnastics are financial and aesthetic barriers for black women, specifically. This essay will explore the sport of gymnastics as a case study to demonstrate the ways in which black women have historically been excluded from ‘feminine sports.’ I argue that black female gymnasts have been historically marginalized from mainstream gymnastics on the basis of finances and white conceptions of femininity, both two components crucial to success in the gymnastics realm.
Featured Pieces, Michael Birkner, Ian A. Isherwood
Featured Pieces, Michael Birkner, Ian A. Isherwood
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This year’s feature pieces were written by Michael J. Birkner and Ian A. Isherwood, both professors in the History Department. Prof. Birkner’s research focuses on nineteenth- and twentieth-century America, especially the life and career of Dwight Eisenhower, as well as on the history of Gettysburg College. Prof. Isherwood specializes in memory studies and the history of World War I, and directs a digital history project on First World War letters.
Letter From The Editors, Lillian Shea, Christopher T. Lough
Letter From The Editors, Lillian Shea, Christopher T. Lough
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Even amid the Covid-19 pandemic, The Gettysburg Historical Journal has not forgotten its commitment to publishing the best of undergraduate research. We are heartened to witness students’ continued dedication to excellent work in an array of historical topics. Despite the difficulties we still face—mental and emotional exhaustion, shuttered archives, limited in-person research opportunities—we received a particularly high volume of submissions this year. We are proud to present work from our peers at Gettysburg and around the world in this twentieth edition of our journal. Through the stories we encounter in the past, we gain insight into the human experience in …
Front Matter
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Front Matter of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 2021
An Augustan Accident: The Paradox Of Augustan Sex And Marriage Laws And Augustan Ideology, Lillian Shea
An Augustan Accident: The Paradox Of Augustan Sex And Marriage Laws And Augustan Ideology, Lillian Shea
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Augustus, born Gaius Octavius, curated a specific image of himself and his purpose for the Roman people, starting with his rise to power following his victory at Actium in 31 B.C.E. and culminating in his later construction projects. Augustus was generally successful at crafting a Pax Romana in which the people were fed, the Empire’s borders expanded, and the armies at peace. However, Augustus was fallible. When promoting themes of fertility, he enacted laws to actualize his ideology, restricting marriage based on class, ordering a minimum number of children per couple, and condemning adulteresses. Never before had state law punished …
Some Corner Forever: The Imperial War Graves Commission And The Meaning Of The Great War, Cameron T. Sauers
Some Corner Forever: The Imperial War Graves Commission And The Meaning Of The Great War, Cameron T. Sauers
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This paper argues that sites administered by the Imperial War Graves Commission played a significant part in the British public’s mourning and understanding of the meaning of the Great War. Pilgrimages, due to their popularity, size, and accessibility, allowed the countless bereaved families to grieve the losses that they suffered during the war. Their visits to cemeteries were powerful experiences because of the painstaking work done by the IWGC to bury identified bodies, honor unidentified remains, and enshrined names for those whose remains could not be identified. The IWGC was a bureaucratic organization that overcame the cultural challenge posed by …
"Immortal Until His Work Is Done": Northern Methodists And The Klan In Reconstruction Alabama, Christopher T. Lough
"Immortal Until His Work Is Done": Northern Methodists And The Klan In Reconstruction Alabama, Christopher T. Lough
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
Although the congressional report from the 1871 Ku Klux Klan Hearings has featured prominently in the historiography of Reconstruction, the insight it offers into its witnesses’ religious experiences has gone largely unnoticed. Using the testimony of Arad Simon Lakin, a Northern Methodist preacher who ministered in Alabama following the Civil War, this article seeks to fill in the gaps. Lakin’s work and the violent resistance he encountered is understood as a microcosm of the Christian life in the Reconstruction South. Building on analyses of the Ku Klux Klan as the embodiment of apocalyptic rhetoric in Southern evangelicalism, I argue that …
The Celtic Queen Boudica As A Historiographical Narrative, Rachel L. Chenault
The Celtic Queen Boudica As A Historiographical Narrative, Rachel L. Chenault
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
The story of Boudica, the Iron Age Celtic queen, has been echoed through multitudes of historical narratives, stories, poems, novels and even movies. Boudica led a rebellious charge against Roman colonists in Ancient Britain, and was eventually defeated. Now she stands as a woman who fought back against one of the most powerful empires in the world, during a time in which women had little to no place in history at all. Contemporary Roman historians Tacitus, born approximately around 56 or 57 C.E., and Dio, born around 150 C.E., both recorded the events of Boudica’s rise and fall, in retrospect …
Carrying The Nation On Fragile Shoulders: Female Textile Workers In A Modernizing Japan, Max R. Bouchard
Carrying The Nation On Fragile Shoulders: Female Textile Workers In A Modernizing Japan, Max R. Bouchard
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
During the period from the early Meiji era to the end of the Second World War in which Imperial Japan sought to modernize the nation’s economy by investing heavily in mechanized labor industries, cotton and silk textile manufacturing was the lead sector in this industrialization process. One of the most distinctive features of this vitally important industry was that Japanese women, mostly of relatively young ages and from rural communities across the country, constituted the majority of the workers employed in textile factories. Throughout this era, the treatment of this predominantly female workforce on the part of both textile companies …
Featured Piece, Scott Hancock
Featured Piece, Scott Hancock
The Gettysburg Historical Journal
This year’s feature piece was written by Professor Scott Hancock, who is Chair of the History Department. He focuses on African American experiences before the Civil War, especially in law.