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"Dreadful Scenes Of Carnage On Both Sides" The Strangford Files And The Eastern Crisis Of 1821-1822, Theophilus C. Prousis
"Dreadful Scenes Of Carnage On Both Sides" The Strangford Files And The Eastern Crisis Of 1821-1822, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Lord Strangford, an experienced diplomatic official with previous postings to Portugal, Brazil, and Sweden, served as Britain's ambassador to the Sublime Porte from 1821 to 1824, an especially turbulent time in Ottoman-European encounters. As the Ottoman Empire coped with a series of challenges, Strangford sent hundreds of reports to the London Foreign Office. His correspondence detailed the state of the sultan's realm at a tense but pivotal moment in the Eastern Question, that precarious web of European power, rivalry, and intrigue in the remarkably resilient Ottoman Empire, which still possessed strategic lands and vital waterways in the Levant, or eastern …
British Embassy Reports On The Greek Uprising In 1821-1822: War Of Independence Or War Of Religion?, Theophilus C. Prousis
British Embassy Reports On The Greek Uprising In 1821-1822: War Of Independence Or War Of Religion?, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
In a dispatch of 10 April 1821 to Foreign Secretary Castlereagh, Britain’s ambassador to the Sublime Porte (Lord Strangford) evoked the prevalence of religious mentalities and religiously induced reprisals in the initial phase of the Greek War of Independence. The sultan’s “government perseveres in its endeavours to strike terror into the minds of its Greek subjects; and it seems that these efforts have been very successful. The commerce of the Greeks has been altogether suspended – their houses have been shut up – and an armed and licentious population, wandering through the streets of this capital and its suburbs, daily …
Russian Philorthodox Relief During The Greek War Of Independence, Theophilus C. Prousis
Russian Philorthodox Relief During The Greek War Of Independence, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
The Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire (1821-1830) constituted the first breach in the Metternichean system established at the Congress of Vienna, which sought to preserve the status quo and protect legitimate rulers against liberal and nationalist revolts. The Greek struggle was the major diplomatic issue confronting the great powers in the 1820s and became something of a cause célèbre for European public opinion. During the course of the "Greek affair," philhellenism developed into an international movement. It expressed deep appreciation for the classical and Byzantine heritage and strong interest in the fate of the Greek nation struggling …
Archival Gleanings On Russian Trade And Consulates In The Near East, Theophilus C. Prousis
Archival Gleanings On Russian Trade And Consulates In The Near East, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Imperial Russia’s maritime access to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean broadened the framework of tsarist influence in the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century. The pursuit of strategic and diplomatic aims in Istanbul, the Straits and the Balkan peninsula, in conjunction with the protection of Eastern Orthodoxy and the extension of trade in the Levant, made the Eastern Question a complex and multi-faceted issue for Imperial Russia. Archival sources on commerce and consulates shed light on the variety of interests which comprised Russia's Eastern Question and deserve more critical examination by scholars of Russian designs in the Near East.
Risky Business: Russian Trade In The Ottoman Empire In The Early Nineteenth Century, Theophilus C. Prousis
Risky Business: Russian Trade In The Ottoman Empire In The Early Nineteenth Century, Theophilus C. Prousis
Theophilus C. Prousis
Irregularities in the implementation of Russian-Ottoman trade accords often turned commercial promise into risky business for Russian merchant shipping in the Levant. The Russian archival records presented here for the first time in English translation – four restitution requests and trade loss inventories submitted to the Sublime Porte by the Russian envoy in 1816 – provide telling detail not just on the perils of Russian trade but on the extent of Russia's commercial networks in the Ottoman Empire. The documents offer a Russian perspective on trade issues in the Levant and suggest the commercial dimension of Russian involvement in the …