History Commons^™

Haunted In Desolation: The Murder Of Captain John Gunnison, Reconsidered, Todd Shallat

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

Deserts confuse, fogging memory and electrifying the imagination. In 1853, on Utah’s Sevier River, a ritualized killing spawned a folklore of deserts that lives on to this day. Captain John W. Gunnison, an engineer, had detoured into an ambush. Dismembered, decapitated, his heart torn from his chest, he had died, it was said, by order of the Mormon prophet and Utah’s Latter-day Saints. Fabulized over the decades, the tale was contorted with an evil king in a desert kingdom, with ghoulish assassins and restless corpses undead. Folklore saw what historians have been slow to perceive about hauntings in desolation. Memories …

Inter-Subjectivity: How Should A Spanish Oral Historian Analyse The Oral Life Stories Of Eta Activists?, Nicolás Buckley

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

The Basque pro-independence terrorist group ETA (an acronym for what translates to ‘Freedom for the Basque Country’) announced a definitive ceasefire in 2011. A year later, I began a PhD on how the Basque conflict could be understood from the life stories of ETA activists. After completing my research, I asked myself: What kind of tensions emerged during the interview process with ETA activists who collaborated in my research taking into account my family background and my Spanish identity? Instead of just appearing as a bidirectional relation between the narrator and the interviewer, inter-subjectivity reveals more powerful mechanisms as it …

Decolonial Public History In Practice: A Collaborative Project On The Role Of Indigenous Women In The Fish Wars Of Washington State Of The 1960s And 1970s, Rachel Klade

History Graduate Projects and Theses

During the 1960s and 1970s, the waterways of the Pacific Northwest played host to fish-ins held by Indigenous communities as they sought to protect their way of life and ensure the continued recognition of their treaty rights to fish on and off their reservations. The Treaty of Medicine Creek of 1854 and Treaty of Point Elliot of 1855 guaranteed the fishing and hunting rights of Indigenous groups of the Pacific Northwest in “all usual and accustomed grounds and stations.” Due to impacts from hydroelectric dams, a growing lumber industry, sportsmen fishing, and other stresses on the waterways, salmon populations declined …

Ancient Surgeons: A Characterization Of Mesopotamian Surgical Practices, Alison J. White, Jason Herbeck, Joann Scurlock, John Mayberry

World Languages Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The Ancient Mesopotamian civilization, the earliest known, emerged in the fourth millennium BCE. While the advent of medicine is established, there is little understanding of surgery's origins. We sought to describe the characteristics and medical acumen of the surgeons of the first civilization.

Methods: Source documents and commentary on Mesopotamian medicine were systematically analyzed for evidence of surgery and physician descriptions.

Results: Early tablets reveal evidence of the incisional drainage of a scalp abscess and empyema, advanced wound care, fracture alignment, and possible caesarians without evidence of wound suturing, emergency procedures, trephination, or circumcision. While the asû and āšipu …

To Build A Hero: Douglas Macarthur And The War That Wasn’T, Ian Garrett Morris

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

This thesis argues that Douglas MacArthur, General of the Army and Commander in Chief of Allied Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area during the Second World War, and those acting under his purview, did knowingly and deliberately engage in a campaign of misinformation – during and after the war – with the intention of enhancing his reputation. The goal of this campaign was twofold: He would secure enough popular support to make him politically unassailable at the time and he would protect his legacy for posterity. Unlike previous surveys, which fail to hold MacArthur accountable for the deep and pervasive …

Extinction And Its Interventions In The Americas, Germán Vergara, Emily Wakild

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

This forum argues that environmental historians ought to pay more attention to animal extinction—the disappearance of a lineage of life—than they have to date. Examining the pre-and post-extinction contexts of charismatic terrestrial vertebrates in the Americas certainly underscores the power humans have had over other animals and their habitats. Yet, the contingencies and unexpected results of conservation efforts merit no less attention. Indeed, by uncovering important nuances in the extension of human power, they provide insights into the conditions critical to avoid extinction. As environmental history has long shown, abstracting the human from the nonhuman world distorts the history of …

What’S A Guanaco?: Tracing The Llama Diaspora Through And Beyond South America, Emily Wakild

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

Let us begin with Spook the llama. Spook lived in the animal enclosures at New York’s Central Park Zoo in 1912. Caretakers described Spook as a “morose, cantankerous” soul inhabiting the back of the deer range. Initially forlorn by this location, he looked out the back door at the road that circled past the pen. The busy street proved entertaining as it was full of noisy automobiles and anxious drivers honking. Spook watched the cars and, before long, learned to honk. Or so reported the head keeper at the zoo, Bill Snyder, who claimed “Spook thrust his head forward, drew …

The Myth Of The Vanishing Race: Interpreting Historical Photographs Of Native Americans, Thomas P. Albritton

History Graduate Projects and Theses

Much of Indigenous peoples’ experience in America has been shaped by white settler colonialism, politics, and imperialism. The master narration and representation for the Indigenous past predominantly have been created by white men (European colonists, historians, and creators of pop culture), resulting in a myth of a vanishing race, the belief of many non-Indigenous people’s that Indigenous cultures, customs, and heritage were vanishing or have disappeared. Specifically, the Edward S. Curtis photograph titled “The Vanishing Race—Navaho,” ca. 1904 continues to be a significant propagator of misconceptions of a vanishing race or a long-forgotten people, even as those cultures, customs, and …

"We May Not Be Goliath But We Have David’S Sling": Media And The Perception Of The New Zealand Home Guard, 1940-1942, Noah Szajowitz

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

This thesis focuses on New Zealanders’ perception of the Home Guard through a specific lens of culture demonstrated through wartime printed newspapers across New Zealand. These newspapers allowed for a public forum for New Zealander’s thoughts on the Home Guard, enabling a national debate on the purpose of the Home Guard over the course of the Second World War. Critically, these print newspapers and public opinion drastically influenced the direction of the Home Guard, illuminated the problems the Home Guard faced, and often received a response from the New Zealand Government. The Home Guard’s initial difficulty with recruitment, the impressment …

Anti-Fascism, Anti-Communism, And Memorial Cultures: A Global Study Of International Brigade Veterans, Jacob Todd Bernhardt

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

The International Brigades were volunteer military units that fought for the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1938. Some 40,000-45,000 men fought in the International Brigades as an act of anti-Fascism, international solidarity, and national preservation. Although many historians have examined the volunteer soldiers’ motivations, wartime experiences, and reintegration into their home societies on a national basis, there has not yet been a global study of veteran reintegration and memorial culture. This global comparative study demonstrates that a state’s acceptance or rejection of their Brigade veterans was dictated by a global anti-Fascist and anti-Communist divide. In …

Freeport, The Environment, And The Amungme: An Environmental History Of The Freeport Mcmorran Copper And Gold Mine In Papua, Indonesia, Kole A. Dawson

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

The Amungme and Kamoro managed their environments for thousands of years in what is now Papua, Indonesia. In the late 1960s, seeking foreign capital to boost the nation’s economy, the president of Indonesia signed a contract with Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold, which by 1988 began mining one of the world’s largest gold mines with almost no environmental regulations in place. Freeport’s close relationship to the Suharto regime resulted in the company’s ability to evade consequences for environmental and social damage. In the 1990s, NGOs began publicly criticizing the company’s substandard environmental and social record, pressuring the company through negative …

The Marsi: The Construction Of An Identity, Inaki Sagarna Urzelai

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Up until now Marsian cultural identity has been approached from an old-fashioned theoretical angle of autoromanizazzione (“self-Romanization” or “emulation”). This perspective was one response to the unsatisfactory explanation of the previous paradigm (“Romanization”) to assess the incorporation faced by pre-Roman people. Nonetheless, current scholars have found the “self-Romanization” approach untenable. This view changes the scope of the agency from Roman to Native in the assimilation process of the Italians in the Roman culture, turning the whole influence into the Native elites, but all of it has an irremediable ending of exactly the same cultural convergence. Besides, the concept is still …

Underground Devotions: The Day-To-Day Challenges Of Practicing An Illegal Faith, Lisa Mcclain

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

It was not only difficult to engage in illegal Catholic ritual in the Protestant British Isles, it could be downright dangerous. In his autobiography, the Jesuit missionary William Weston described the risks accompanying an active Catholic devotional life in the late 16th century. Weston related how one layman who hosted a Mass in his home was wise to prepare for trouble by keeping his sword “ready for action.” The layman needed it after a servant imprudently opened the door to an insistent knocking. The maid shouted a warning as a group of pursuivants stormed in. Dressed in a surplice to …

"I Am A Woman, I Am Quite Aware Of My Own Capabilities": The Distinctive Voice Of Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa On Love, Marriage, And Freedom, Lynn Lubamersky

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa (1705-1753) wrote for her own theater, cast actors from her own family court, introduced tragedies, comedies, one-act plays and ballets and could be called "the mother of Polish theater." My focus will be upon the fact that she found her own voice by challenging traditional expectations, and that she advocated for personal freedom in her plays, poetry, and prose. She transgressed the limitations placed upon women of the time, since rather than being limited by conventional forms of expression and behavior expected of women in her place and time, she found a different form of private and …

The 1950s: The Ironies Of American Power, Andrew Finstuen

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the 1950s, Reinhold Niebuhr advanced a theology of history rooted in his theology of the Cross. From that vantage point, he challenged conventional, dualistic interpretations of the Cold War, the Civil Rights Movement, and America’s post-Second World War economic and technological prominence. While he favoured democracy over communism, African American rights over segregation, and abundance over scarcity, he rejected what he thought of as the human pretension to simplify such complex historical phenomena by appeals to American goodness. Instead Niebuhr saw the logic of the Cross as the surest route for navigating the confusion and ironies of history while …

Llamas Are Having A Moment In The Us, But They’Ve Been Icons In South America For Millennia, Emily Wakild

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

With their long eyelashes, banana-shaped ears, upturned mouths and stocky bodies covered with curly wool, llamas look like creatures that walked out of a Dr. Seuss story. And now they’re celebrities in the U.S.

The Basques Of New Orleans, Koldo San Sebastian

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

Basques have found their way to many corners of the world, and one of those is the distinctive city of New Orleans in the United States. The relationship of Basques with Louisiana antedates the independence of the United States, and, of course, incorporation of that territory into the American Union. The Basque presence was most evident throughout the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, when a significant community of Basque mariners resided in New Orleans. This article provides a historical overview of the Basque connection to Louisiana, from the expulsion of the Acadians that sent Basques south, …

The Vietnam Syndrome And Its Effects On The U.S. Public And Foreign And Domestic Policy Decisions During The Post-Vietnam Era Between 1975-1991, Kyle Giovannini

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

First, the Vietnam Syndrome had a significant cultural impact on the American public which altered the U.S. public’s collective cultural view of war from an interventionist to an anti-interventionist stance. Naturally, this shift in public perception influenced U.S. presidents’ foreign and domestic policy decisions from President Gerald Ford to President George H.W. Bush. Second, the Vietnam Syndrome’s anti-interventionist effect challenged the established security of containment policy through military intervention, forcing presidents and their administrations to implement different rhetorical approaches and messages to unshackle, in their view, America from the anti-interventionist effects of the Vietnam Syndrome on foreign policy decisions. Third, …

Finding Common Purpose: A History Of Community Organizing In Boise, Idaho, Emily Fritchman

History Graduate Projects and Theses

Members of neighborhood associations in Boise have long acted as advocates for historic preservation, environmental conservation, and effective urban growth management. However, little historical research exploring the impact of neighborhood activists on both the regional and national level exists. This project addresses the lack of scholarship through the creation of three key elements: a website that highlights both the history of neighborhood organizing in Boise and significant figures of the activist movement, a community lecture presenting these findings to the public, and a brochure detailing the goals of the project to neighbors. Additionally, this research highlights patterns that will provide …

Quiet And Faithful Preservation: A Historic West Kootenai Street Study, Aimee Rollins

History Graduate Projects and Theses

This survey is part of a larger Historic Kootenai Study, which comprises a reconnaissance-level survey of historic homes along W Kootenai St, a National Register proof of concept document for a house near the survey area, and a public meeting. The project seeks to study the developmental history of the neighborhood through the lenses of architectural history and historic preservation. It illustrates how a rural farming community evolved into one of Boise’s suburban neighborhoods and sheds light on local attitudes toward historic preservation, namely how it was a conscious choice made by middle-class homeowners, rather than simply a hobby of …

Saving The Vicuña: The Political, Biophysical, And Cultural History Of Wild Animal Conservation In Peru, 1964–2000, Emily Wakild

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article examines national efforts to protect wildlife in the twentieth century. Its focus is the vicuña, a small llama-like species native to the Andes, which nearly went extinct due to the high economic value of its wool. Instead, the Peruvian national government—despite significant regime shifts—intervened to put in place and then perpetuate a series of conservation measures, including trade restrictions and a territorial reserve, that protected the population and allowed it to rebound. Using a combination of cultural, economic, political, and biological methods to understand the animals and people concerned about them, this article argues that conservation reoriented relationships …

Basque Radical Rock: The Punk Ethos In Basque Identity, Edurne Arostegui

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

This paper aims to chart the origins of the so-called Basque Radical Rock movement and its varied use by different social groups, from political organizations of the time to anarchist, marginalized youth needing to express the pessimistic view of their present circumstances. Basque Radical Rock represented a growing sense of modern Basqueness and difference that shaped the scene, moving away from pastoral images toward urban decadence. Although politics did influence the growth and spread of music throughout the Basque Country, many did not feel represented by these causes. The youth’s backlash against socio-economic conditions and their nihilistic view of the …

St. Roch Military Marches In Wallonia: Memory, Commemoration, And Identity, 1866-1940, Erik Hadley

University Author Recognition Bibliography: 2020

Ritualized public processionals known as military saint marches thrive in popular memory and define local identity in Francophone Belgium (Wallonia). The annual processionals involve thousands of marchers dressed in Napoleonic-era military uniforms, carrying authentic muskets and escorting a statue of St. Roch, the patron saint of disease protection. Many of these marchers trace family participation through multiple generations and two St. Roch marches received UNESCO recognition as examples of “Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity” in 2012. While participants claim there is no historical rupture between the modern marches and the processionals celebrated prior to the French Revolution, there is a …

Vauban In The Wilderness: The Military Revolution And The Seven Years' War In North America, Joseph M. Green

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

For the past thirty years there has been an ongoing debate regarding the nature of the Early Modern European Military Revolution. Much of this debate centers around whether the military and technological changes which are at the heart of the military revolution created the conditions for the bureaucratic systems of the modern nation state, or if those bureaucratic systems made possible the creation of larger, state sponsored armies and navies, as well as when these changes took place. Instead of focusing on what came first, the chicken or the egg, this thesis explores one aspect of the Military Revolution, focusing …

Public History Service Learning In National Parks Campus-Community Partnerships For The Preservation Of Minidoka National Historic Site, Mia Russell

History Graduate Projects and Theses

This Master of Applied Historical Research project entailed the development and launch of an iOS-platform mobile application that provides an interpretive walking tour of Minidoka National Historic Site (Minidoka NHS). Established in 2001, Minidoka is a remotely located National Park Service unit which preserves one of the ten mainland United States WWII Japanese American concentration camps. With the Visitor Contact Station slated to open in 2019, the site has lacked in-depth interpretation of the history and landscape in a meaningful way, detracting from the typical visitor experience. The accompanying analytical essay situates the process of creating the Minidoka NHS mobile …

Pioneers At The Edge Of Their Universe: Japanese Railroad Workers In Idaho And The Intermountain West, Julie Ann Vance

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Although many scholars are aware of the history of Japanese Americans and their presence in the West Coast states, including their internment during World War II, few are familiar with the experiences of Japanese immigrants in Idaho and the surrounding Intermountain States. Little is written of the first Japanese who came to Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming at the end of the nineteenth century, or of the role of railroads in their moving inland. Because of this, scholars assume a similar experience of the Japanese in the Intermountain West with those who stayed on the West Coast. This thesis argues …

Women In Combat: The Soviet Example, Hayley Noble

History Graduate Projects and Theses

This project explores the experiences of Soviet women in combat on the eastern front during World War II. Through an exhibit, website, and thesis, Soviet women are shown in stereotypically male-dominated roles, performing as well as their male counterparts, while not acknowledged for their work after the war. Their invisible service reveals trends through military history scholarship, and larger ideology surrounding women in combat. This project informs on a relatively unknown topic, while using their historical example to advocate for American women in the military integrating into combat jobs.

Queen Eleanor Of Aquitaine: Political Motherhood In The Middle Ages, Sherry Lynn Mason

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Historians have frequently written on the life of Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) although few have studied her role as an affectionate, devoted, dutiful mother. This work is an attempt to address this situation through the study of available primary sources on Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine. Even though she was Queen of France (1137-1152) and England (1137-1189) she was considered less important than any man of her class because of the societal norms of the time. In reality she played an important part in the Angevin Empire for the power and influence she wielded in her own right. She used this …

The Art Of Healing: Mary Gove Nichols's Crusade For Women's Wellness, Marnie Nichole

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

This thesis uses the life of 19^th-century American reformer Mary Gove Nichols to explore antebellum feminism through the lens of health and marriage reform. Using primary sources including the subjects own personal publications, this thesis traces one theme throughout Nichols’s life: her passionate drive to educate women on their own health, and to make such knowledge accessible, so that they could acquire it for themselves. This particular theme manifested in two forms: wellness acquired via homeopathic medicine, specifically the water cure; and wellness acquired from a safe and loving marriage. Her life’s work, an early form of feminism, …

A Thousand Years Ago, The Catholic Church Paid Little Attention To Homosexuality, Lisa Mcclain

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

Pope Francis has spoken openly about homosexuality. In a recent interview, the pope said that homosexual tendencies “are not a sin.” And a few years ago, in comments made during an in-flight interview, he said,

“If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has good will, who am I to judge?”

However, the pope has also discouraged homosexual men from entering the priesthood. He categorically stated in another interview that for one with homosexual tendencies, the “ministry or the consecrated life is not his place.”