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The Choctaw, John Bowes
The Choctaw, John Bowes
John P. Bowes
1699, an expedition of Frenchmen encountered American Indians in the lower Mississippi Valley who referred to themselves as Choctaw. As the settlers expanded throughout America, the Choctaw developed a relationship with and adapted to the demands of these newfound neighbors. The Choctaw examines the history of these Native Americans, beginning with the Choctaw Confederacy, and provides insights into how the Choctaw survived as individuals and sovereign tribes in the aftermath of the removal policy of the 19th century. Today, three federally recognized tribes of Choctaw have a combined membership of nearly 200,000. This new title discusses the struggles and successes …
Trail Of Tears: Removal In The South, John Bowes
Trail Of Tears: Removal In The South, John Bowes
John P. Bowes
When the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803, President Thomas Jefferson proposed that eastern Indian tribes could be moved west to this new expanse of land. Jefferson's recommendation was in direct response to the demand by white settlers for more land, especially in the southeastern portion of the United States. As a result, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which set in motion the relocation of thousands of eastern Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River. Among the primary tribes targeted for this large-scale removal was the Cherokee. Despite proving its sovereign status …
Exiles And Pioneers: Eastern Indians In The Trans-Mississippi West, John Bowes
Exiles And Pioneers: Eastern Indians In The Trans-Mississippi West, John Bowes
John P. Bowes
Exiles and Pioneers focuses on the experiences of Shawnee, Delaware, Wyandot, and Potawatomi Indians from the late 1700s to the 1860s. The book uses this multi-tribal perspective to argue that these Indian communities both benefited and suffered from the ineffective policies of the federal government during this period of relentless western expansion.
Black Hawk And The War Of 1832: Removal In The North, John Bowes
Black Hawk And The War Of 1832: Removal In The North, John Bowes
John P. Bowes
In 1804, a delegation of five Sauk leaders signed a treaty with the U.S. government ceding all of the tribe's lands east of the Mississippi River. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced by the United States, the situation would change in 1822. That summer, an influx of white miners arrived in northwestern Illinois and the southwestern part of Michigan Territory to extract lead from the profitable mines of the region. The trickle of settlers soon turned into a flood: By 1829, thousands of white settlers had moved into the region and settled on Sauk lands. The following year, Congress …
The Struggle For Self-Determination: History Of The Menominee Indians Since 1854, John Bowes
The Struggle For Self-Determination: History Of The Menominee Indians Since 1854, John Bowes
John P. Bowes
In The Struggle for Self-Determination, Beck presents the second part of a two-book history of the Menominee Indians. His first study, Siege and Survival: History of the Menominee Indians, 1634-1856, was published in 2002 and recounts the manner in which the Menominees of Wisconsin negotiated the intrusions of French, British, and American colonizers and managed to retain both a diminished reservation and their cultural autonomy. Siege and Survival places Menominees in the forefront of the historical narrative, and Beck ably reveals that while the pressures of outsiders gradually undermined the power of the nation and its leaders in the first …