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Articles 1 - 30 of 134
Full-Text Articles in History
Failure To Protect?: Applying The Drri-2 Scales To Rwanda And Srebrenica, Elizabeth Mason
Failure To Protect?: Applying The Drri-2 Scales To Rwanda And Srebrenica, Elizabeth Mason
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
This article critically reanalyses the action, or lack of action, taken by UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Srebrenica in the 1990's. The lack of action of UN peacekeepers in Rwanda and Bosnia has long been criticised as a conscious decision made by peacekeepers to not act in defence of those being targeted but instead to act as bystanders of genocide when they had the ability to prevent acts of genocide taking place. This article re-examines the actions of the UN command under Romeo Dallaire in Rwanda and Thom Karremans in Srebrenica, Bosnia in terms of the stress-related factors which influenced …
Gender, Age, And Survival Of Italian Jews In The Holocaust, Susan Welch
Gender, Age, And Survival Of Italian Jews In The Holocaust, Susan Welch
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Political scientists have examined the role of gender in genocide but have largely ignored the Holocaust in these analyses. Yet, the Holocaust is the largest genocide in human history and there is much we do not know about how gender affected individual experiences. Nor do we have a very precise understanding of the impact of age in survival, beyond the common wisdom that old and young people usually did not survive. Here we examine in more detail the impact of gender and age and their intersection among the nearly 7,000 Italian Jews deported to the east, mostly to Poland and …
All Hopped Up: Beer, Cultivated National Identity, And Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1524-1625, George Evans Light
All Hopped Up: Beer, Cultivated National Identity, And Anglo-Dutch Relations, 1524-1625, George Evans Light
Journal X
No abstract provided.
Moorish Revival Synagogue Architecture: Community And Style, Past And Present, Emily S. Jelen
Moorish Revival Synagogue Architecture: Community And Style, Past And Present, Emily S. Jelen
Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal
The Moorish architectural style, originating in medieval Spain, was revived in the mid-nineteenth century. It became strongly linked with synagogues, first in Germany and then throughout the Western world. My research analyzes why the architects and Jewish communities were so attracted to the Moorish Revival style. During this period, European Jewish communities were tasked with constructing synagogues that could showcase their newfound freedoms as well as their history, culture and aspirations. Many argue that this style was chosen to demonstrate the connection between the communities and their ancient Middle Eastern history.
Determining The Impact Of The Anabaptists Using Bullinger’S Propaganda Strategies In Von Dem Unverschampten Fräfel, Jovanna Shirky
Determining The Impact Of The Anabaptists Using Bullinger’S Propaganda Strategies In Von Dem Unverschampten Fräfel, Jovanna Shirky
West Virginia University Historical Review
Many scholars of the Reformation contend that the Anabaptist movement did not significantly impact the society of its day. However, my analysis of Heinrich Bullinger’s anti-Anabaptist work Von dem unverschampten fräfel, ergerlichem verwyrren unnd unwarhafftem leeren der selbsgesandten Widertöuffern indicates that the Anabaptists did pose a significant threat to the socioreligious structures that both the mainstream Reformation and Catholicism endorsed. By analyzing Bullinger’s propaganda strategies within the work, I find that the beliefs and practices of the Anabaptists challenged the most basic structures of society, thus alarming Bullinger and others who opposed the movement. Bullinger’s language within the work and …
Barnacle Geese And Sky Burials: Relativism In The Travels Of Sir John Mandeville, Akasha L. Khalsa
Barnacle Geese And Sky Burials: Relativism In The Travels Of Sir John Mandeville, Akasha L. Khalsa
Conspectus Borealis
As a medieval travel narrative, The Travels of Sir John Mandeville was immensely popular for everyone from bookworms to world travelers in 14th and 15th century Europe. Given its popularity, and the period in which it was produced, one might expect the fictitious travelogue to display an incredible level of intolerance towards the various peoples and cultures it depicts. However, the Travels frequently surprises modern readers with its message of tolerance towards greater humanity, and its recognition of the universality of human experience as it is mirrored in the lives of people of different ethnic and cultural groups. In order …
The Eidgenössisches Schützenfest: A Traditional Shooting Festival, Stephen P. Halbrook
The Eidgenössisches Schützenfest: A Traditional Shooting Festival, Stephen P. Halbrook
Swiss American Historical Society Review
The Eidgenössisches Schützenfest (Swiss federal shooting competition), the largest rifle shooting match in the world, is held every five years in a different region of Switzerland. I have participated in five of the matches at Thun in 1995, Bière in 2000, Frauenfeld in 2005, Aarau in 2010, and Raron (Visp) in 2015. The Luzern 2020 matches have been rescheduled to 2021 due to the coronavirus.
Where Are The Sons Of Tell? A Brief History Of The Formative Years Of Swiss Biathlon, 1957-1964, Robert Sherwood
Where Are The Sons Of Tell? A Brief History Of The Formative Years Of Swiss Biathlon, 1957-1964, Robert Sherwood
Swiss American Historical Society Review
Despite the lack of international success in biathlon, the sport has a long history in the Swiss Confederation. Biathlon, which combines the long-distance endurance of Nordic skiing and the precision marksmanship of rifle shooting, would seem a perfect match for the Swiss. In the 2010s, the Gasparin sisters (Elisa, Aita and Selina), along with Benjamin Weger, have helped Switzerland start to realize its potential as a player in the world of biathlon. But in the early years of the sport, the Swiss were not at the top of the list for strong biathlon nations. The reasons for this lack of …
Meeder, Sven, The Irish Scholarly Presence At St. Gall—Networks Of Knowledge In The Early Middle Ages, Ken Shonk
Swiss American Historical Society Review
Founded in 720 C.E., the Monastery at St. Gall is located in the modern Swiss city of Saint Gallus. The complex is built on the grave of its namesake and is home to wide array of texts written by Irish scholars, or reflective of Irish learning during the “Carolingian renaissance.” How these works by Gaelic-Irish scholars arrived at St. Gall is the primary concern of Sven Meeder’s intellectual history of Hiberno-Latin texts.
The Swiss In The Swabian War Of 1499: An Analysis Of The Swiss Military At The End Of The Fifteenth Century, Albert Winkler
The Swiss In The Swabian War Of 1499: An Analysis Of The Swiss Military At The End Of The Fifteenth Century, Albert Winkler
Swiss American Historical Society Review
By the end of the fifteenth century, the states of the Swiss Confederation had enjoyed almost complete autonomy from the neighboring feudal powers for generations. During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the states of the Swiss Confederation were beset by external threats to their security, independence, and existence. The largest single menace to Swiss independence was the Habsburg family who often controlled their lands according to monarchal authority and a social structure which kept their subject peoples as unfree serfs.
Pierroz, Philippe, Quand Des Valaisan Colonisaient Le Wisconsin, Robert Sherwood
Pierroz, Philippe, Quand Des Valaisan Colonisaient Le Wisconsin, Robert Sherwood
Swiss American Historical Society Review
For much of the history of the United States, the role of the Swiss immigrants has been reduced to that of a bit player. The traditional history books usually follow immigration patterns along linguistic lines, and the Swiss immigrants did not follow these linguistic lines. Therefore, the Swiss Romand, the Swiss Germans, and Swiss Italians often get labeled as either French, Germans, or Italians when they arrived in the United States.
May, Gregory, Jefferson’S Treasure: How Albert Gallatin Saved The New Nation From Debt, Stacy Gooden
May, Gregory, Jefferson’S Treasure: How Albert Gallatin Saved The New Nation From Debt, Stacy Gooden
Swiss American Historical Society Review
On the south side of the United States Treasury Building located in Washington, D.C. is a prominently placed statue of the likeness of Alexander Hamilton, the nation’s first Treasury Secretary. Other than scholars of American history and economics, few onlookers would have recognized the man from the statue until Lin-Manuel Miranda’s critically acclaimed Broadway stage production Hamilton: An American Musical (2015) resurrected the Secretary’s public historical legacy.
A University In 1693: New Light On William & Mary's Claim To The Title "Oldest University In The United States", Thomas J. Mcsweeney, Katharine Ello, Elsbeth O'Brien
A University In 1693: New Light On William & Mary's Claim To The Title "Oldest University In The United States", Thomas J. Mcsweeney, Katharine Ello, Elsbeth O'Brien
William & Mary Law Review Online
William & Mary has traditionally dated its transformation from a college into a university to a set of reforms of December 4, 1779. On that date, Thomas Jefferson and his fellow members of the Board of Visitors reorganized William & Mary, eliminating the grammar school and the two chairs in divinity and creating chairs in law, modern languages, and medicine.Five days after the reforms were adopted, a William & Mary student wrote that “William & Mary has undergone a very considerable Revolution; the Visitors met on the 4th Instant and form’d it into a University....” Just over three years later, …
The European Central Bank's Securities Markets Programme (Ecb Gfc), Ariel Smith
The European Central Bank's Securities Markets Programme (Ecb Gfc), Ariel Smith
Journal of Financial Crises
The Eurozone struggled during the escalation of the sovereign debt crisis in 2010. In order to aid malfunctioning securities markets, restore liquidity, and enable proper functioning of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, the European Central Bank (ECB) instituted the Securities Markets Programme (SMP) on May 9, 2010. This program enabled Eurosystem central banks to purchase securities from entities in Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Italy, and Spain. The program ended on September 6, 2012, and evaluations of its effectiveness are mixed.
The Ideological Scalpel: Physician Perpetrators, Medicalized Killing And The Nazi Biocracy, Matthew D. Fuller
The Ideological Scalpel: Physician Perpetrators, Medicalized Killing And The Nazi Biocracy, Matthew D. Fuller
History in the Making
With the conclusion of the Nuremburg Doctor’s trials in August 1947, the role of German physicians in the concentration camps of Europe became a widely discussed and researched topic in the historiography of the Holocaust. Like many other perpetrators indicted by the Allies following the Second World War, German physicians claimed to have been swept up in the mass indoctrination of the National Socialist movement and had ultimately become powerless cogs within the Nazi totalitarian regime. While this claim may be true in some cases, the historiography of German physicians-turned-killers reveals different sources of motivation which allowed doctors in the …
Chiune Sugihara: A Psychohistorical Study Of A Rescuer Of Jews During The Holocaust, Christina Alanne Perris
Chiune Sugihara: A Psychohistorical Study Of A Rescuer Of Jews During The Holocaust, Christina Alanne Perris
History in the Making
This article seeks to analyze the actions of Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara, a rescuer of Jews during the Holocaust, utilizing a personality model developed by social scientists Samuel and Pearl Oliner. The Oliners’s altruistic personality model centers on the idea that individuals who became rescuers have a distinct personality that responds to the complex interaction between three components: 1) the external circumstances they are confronted with; 2) internal characteristics that goad them into action; and 3) their ultimate decision to take action. Although no two‐dimensional model is ever complex enough to capture the intimate complexity of a human personality, the …
Music As A Means To Spread Martin Luther’S Message, Emily A. Brubaker
Music As A Means To Spread Martin Luther’S Message, Emily A. Brubaker
Musical Offerings
While Martin Luther’s message of the Reformation was circulated through a variety of sources, music was highly regarded by Luther and had an undeniably crucial role in spreading his ideas. Luther’s theological stance determined his purpose for music. He emphasized the value of God’s Word and saw music as a means to share truth from the Bible. Luther even compared the importance of music to that of theology. He claimed that music was a gift from God, capable of fighting evil and promoting good. This research traces the effects of music on the transmission of Luther’s message by considering Luther’s …
Judith Augusta And Her Time, Allen Cabaniss
Beauty And Sadness: Experiencing Poland’S History And Jewish Heritage, Jennifer Weed
Beauty And Sadness: Experiencing Poland’S History And Jewish Heritage, Jennifer Weed
History in the Making
No abstract provided.
Coping With An Impossible Reality: The Jewish Sonderkommando Of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Jennifer Weed
Coping With An Impossible Reality: The Jewish Sonderkommando Of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Jennifer Weed
History in the Making
Despite the vast amount of western scholarly work on the Holocaust, there are issues that remain under-analyzed which would help nuance our understanding of this historical event. One of these issues is the experiences of groups who challenge our conceptual frameworks and present opportunities for developing different analytical methods. The testimonies of the Jewish Sonderkommando, or forced crematorium workers, of Auschwitz- Birkenau present such an opportunity by defying the categories used to describe victims and perpetrators, and by forcing us to reconsider how humans survive when conditions are extreme and violent. This paper argues that the testimonies of the Sonderkommando …
Book Review: Sources Of Holocaust Insight, James J. Snow
Book Review: Sources Of Holocaust Insight, James J. Snow
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
Italian Jews: A Surprising And Understudied Influence In The Enlightenment, Lura Martinez
Italian Jews: A Surprising And Understudied Influence In The Enlightenment, Lura Martinez
Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History
The experience of Italian Jews during the Enlightenment is deserving of much more attention. Not only did Italian Jews such as Moshe Ḥayyim Luzzatto, a man born in a ghetto, later embrace a form of secularism, but his works and others written by his peers made an impact on the Italian Enlightenment and seemingly contributed to the practice of toleration that appeared in sporadic installments throughout Europe. While the Jewish experience in Europe hails from a long tradition of persecution, with sporadic and incomplete periods of toleration at various points in its history, it is clear that through a promotion …
Scottish Cattle Companies On The Western Frontier, Kelly A. Witherspoon
Scottish Cattle Companies On The Western Frontier, Kelly A. Witherspoon
Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History
This article examines how, as part of a larger British economic and financial investment in the American West, two Scottish companies, the Matador Land and Cattle Company, and the Prairie Cattle Company, were particularly successful. They also assisted the development of the American cattle industry by supporting the creation of cattle associations and improving cattle breeds.
God Is King, But So Is Louis Xvi: Royalist Tendencies Among Protestants During The Early Stages Of The French Revolution, Brandon Smith
God Is King, But So Is Louis Xvi: Royalist Tendencies Among Protestants During The Early Stages Of The French Revolution, Brandon Smith
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
"This Dangerous Ascendancy": Women's Political Participation In The French Revolution, Natalie Merten
"This Dangerous Ascendancy": Women's Political Participation In The French Revolution, Natalie Merten
The Thetean: A Student Journal for Scholarly Historical Writing
No abstract provided.
Introduction: A Glorious Phantom: Insurrections In Scottish Literature, Tony Jarrells
Introduction: A Glorious Phantom: Insurrections In Scottish Literature, Tony Jarrells
Studies in Scottish Literature
Introduces the SSL symposium on Insurrections by tracing themes from James Kelman's play Hardie and Baird: the Last Days (1978), about the Scottish Insurrection of 1820.