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Anchors, Habitus, And Practices Besieged By War: Women And Gender In The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
Anchors, Habitus, And Practices Besieged By War: Women And Gender In The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
As war challenges survival and social relations, how do actors alter and adapt dispositions and practices? To explore this question, I investigate women's perceptions of normal relations, practices, status, and gendered self in an intense situation of wartime survival, the Blockade of Leningrad (1941–1944), an 872-day ordeal that demographically feminized the city. Using Blockade diaries for data on everyday life, perceptions, and practices, I show how women's gendered skills and habits of breadseeking and caregiving (finding scarce resources and providing aid) were key to survival and helped elevate their sense of status. Yet this did not entice rethinking “gender.” To …
War, Fields, And Competing Economies Of Death. Lessons From The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
War, Fields, And Competing Economies Of Death. Lessons From The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
War can create a massive amount of death while also straining the capacity of states and civilians to cope with disposing of the dead. This paper argues that such moments exacerbate contradictions between three fields and “economies” (logics of interaction and exchange) – a political, market, and moral economy of disposal – in which order and control, commodification and opportunism, and dignity are core logics. Each logic and economy, operating in its own field, provides an interpretation of the dead that emerges from field logics of normal organization, status, and meanings of subjects (as legal entities, partners in negotiation, and …
Wartime Norms And Survival, Jeffrey K. Hass
Wartime Norms And Survival, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
Ленинградская блокада является одним из наиболее трагических примеров лишений, опасностей и страданий, которые обрушивает на человека военное время. Важность её изучения заключается, во-первых, в том, что блокада может пролить дополнительный свет на советскую политику, экономику и общество в целом. В какой степени советская цивилизация была укоренена в повседневных практиках, интересах и понятиях? В какой степени советские институты могли реагировать на испытания, подобные блокаде? Во-вторых, изучение блокадных реалий помогает ответить и на более общие вопросы, которые беспокоят современные науки об обществе. Как ведут себя люди в экстремальных условиях? Продолжают ли в этих условиях иметь значение прежние нормы и традиции, и какие …
Norms And Survival In The Heat Of War: Normative Versus Instrumental Rationalities And Survival Tactics In The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
Norms And Survival In The Heat Of War: Normative Versus Instrumental Rationalities And Survival Tactics In The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
When war challenges civilian survival, what shapes the balance between normative and instrumental rationalities in survival practices? Increasing desperation and uncertainty can lead civilians to focus on their own material interests and to violate norms in the name of survival or gain—to the detriment of the war effort and of other civilians. Do norms, boundaries against transgressions, and considerations of collective interests and identities persist, and, if so, through what mechanisms? Using diaries and recollections from the 872-day Blockade of Leningrad (1941–1944)—an extreme case of wartime desperation—this article examines how three forms of cultural embeddedness shape variation in the strength …
Surviving War And "History." Agency And Narratives Of The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
Surviving War And "History." Agency And Narratives Of The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
Кто или что творит историю? Этот вопрос не так наивен, как это может показаться. Во-первых, он затрагивает проблему самостоятельности выбора (agency) и детерминированности наших повседневных практик, воспроизводство структур и институтов. Ученые в области истории, социологии и политической науки (а также других дисциплин) делают свои предположения о том, насколько самостоятельны в своем выборе люди. Теоретики рационального выбора предполагают, что люди действуют свободно за исключением того, что все они подчиняются одному автоматическому правилу максимизации таинственного теоретического конструкта под названием «полезность»1. Другие ученые рассматривают исторические изменения и воспроизводство как результат существования институтов и структур: от материальных отношений и классовой динамики у К. Маркса …
The Experience Of War And The Construction Of Normality. Lessons From The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
The Experience Of War And The Construction Of Normality. Lessons From The Blockade Of Leningrad, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
In this essay I use the example of the Blockade of Leningrad - an extreme example of the Soviet experience of World War II, and an extreme example of the experience of war generally - to address two issues. The first is a more general, theoretical issue: the importance of war to the construction of political and social normality and practices. Political science and sociology have examined the impact of war on structures and institutions, such as states or gender roles and relations; but the impact of war on meanings and meaning systems is addressed only empirically, often without much …
The Great Transition: The Dynamics Of Market Transitions And The Case Of Russia, 1991-1995, Jeffrey K. Hass
The Great Transition: The Dynamics Of Market Transitions And The Case Of Russia, 1991-1995, Jeffrey K. Hass
Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications
The market transition in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union brings us back to essential issues that Marx and Weber addressed: the genesis of capitalism and the process of economic change. What is the transition and what does it involve - restructuring incentives, creating new laws, learning new culture, or creating new power structures? The answer partially depends on the particular transition (initial conditions, targets, actors' perceptions); but necessary general frameworks remain elusive, and current economic policies and analyses reveal that we understand little more about economic change than a century ago. Recent works on market transitions have furthered …