Arts and Humanities Commons^™

Avatar - Identity With Intent, John O'Connor, James Neville

Conference Papers

We don’t often think of identity as a choice, but rather something we are born into by circumstance of birth and inheritance. This paper addresses identity by assertion. Virtual worlds afford the opportunity for a more fluid concept of self: identity with intent. Understanding this approach can empower our actions and results in the virtual and natural worlds. The authors draw on fifteen years teaching this topic in the virtual world of Second Life as part of a class on collaborative online engagement. The term avatar, representing the concrete embodiment of something abstract, originated in Hinduism in the 6th century …

Simmel, Social Media And The Debatable Virtues Of Not Caring, Edward Brennan

Conference Papers

This paper asks how can bare to talk about the nightmares served up by our media? How can we witness horror, only to forget about it and have It replaced by fresh horror the next day? As Keith Tester wrote, most of us today, can ‘witness horror, and feel next to nothing’ (86). How has this become installed as a modern tradition? And, how might we communicate care while escaping from a cycle of outrage and forgetting.

Exploring The Impact Of Gender Bias Mitigation Approaches On A Downstream Classification Task, Nasim Sobhani, Sarah Jane Delany

Conference Papers

Natural language models and systems have been shown to reflect gender bias existing in training data. This bias can impact on the downstream task that machine learning models, built on this training data, are to accomplish. A variety of techniques have been proposed to mitigate gender bias in training data. In this paper we compare different gender bias mitigation approaches on a classification task. We consider mitigation techniques that manipulate the training data itself, including data scrubbing, gender swapping and counterfactual data augmentation approaches. We also look at using de-biased word embeddings in the representation of the training data. We …

Technical Debt Is An Ethical Issue, Paul John Gibson, Yannis Stavrakakis, Massamaesso Narouwa, Damian Gordon, Dympna O'Sullivan, Jonathan Turner, Michael Collins

Conference Papers

We introduce the problem of technical debt, with particular focus on critical infrastructure, and put forward our view that this is a digital ethics issue. We propose that the software engineering process must adapt its current notion of technical debt – focusing on technical costs – to include the potential cost to society if the technical debt is not addressed, and the cost of analysing, modelling and understanding this ethical debt. Finally, we provide an overview of the development of educational material – based on a collection of technical debt case studies - in order to teach about technical debt …

"What's In A Name?”: The Use Of Instructional Design In Overcoming Terminology Barriers Associated With Dark Patterns, Andrea Curley, Damian Gordon, Dympna O'Sullivan

Conference Papers

Many users experience a phenomena when they are shopping on-line where they feel they are being pressured to either spend more money than they had intended, or to share more personal data than they wanted. In academic circles we use the term “Dark Patterns” to describe these deceptive practices, and categorize them as being within the discipline of User Experience (Narayanan, 2020). As academics it is important to name phenomena, and to categorize them, so that we can discuss and analyze these issues. However, this particular topic is one that all users should be made aware of when interacting online, …

Towards A Model Of The Design Process For Games, John Healy, Charlie Cullen

Conference Papers

In this paper, we present an approach to studying the game design process by drawing upon general models of design to support research into the process of game design. Several general models of design exist to consider the processes through which designers work. Many of these fit within a structure of analysis, synthesis and evaluation that was first proposed by Christopher Jones in 1963 and later adapted by Bryan Lawson to account for the messy nature of design and the undertaking of these activities while negotiating between problem and solution. This paper proposes the adaptation of Lawson’s model of design …

Re-Worlding The Virtual: Exploring Art And Archipelagic Education Through Virtual Environments, Glenn Loughran, John O'Connor

Conference Papers

This paper expands on the use of virtual environments to address educational questions around social isolation, embodiment and knowledge production. Supported by curricular experimentations with archipelagic thinking, it reflects on the potential for virtual environments to provide novel educational contexts for students to explore the relationship between art and environment at a time of climate transition. Archipelagic thinking is a theoretical framework that emerged out of Island studies and postcolonial discourse in the late 20th century. Emphasising relational flow between islanders, islands, entities and worlds, archipelagic thinking seeks to address the epistemological distinctions between centre and periphery, between the northern …

The Design Of A Framework For The Detection Of Web-Based Dark Patterns, Andrea Curley, Dympna O'Sullivan, Damian Gordon, Brendan Tierney, Ioannis Stavrakakis

Conference Papers

In the theories of User Interfaces (UI) and User Experience (UX), the goal is generally to help understand the needs of users and how software can be best configured to optimize how the users can interact with it by removing any unnecessary barriers. However, some systems are designed to make people unwillingly agree to share more data than they intend to, or to spend more money than they plan to, using deception or other psychological nudges. User Interface experts have categorized a number of these tricks that are commonly used and have called them Dark Patterns. Dark Patterns are varied …

Ghana's Public Diplomacy Under Kwame Nkrumah, Isaac Antwi-Boasiako

Conference Papers

The concept of public diplomacy is one of the trending approaches in modern international relations and diplomacy. Communicating and engaging effectively with the foreign public in a particular nation by a government to achieve its foreign policy objective is every government’s goal. The field of public diplomacy as an academic discipline in Ghana in particular and Africa has not received much attention compared to the Western World. This article attempts to bridge this gap by opening Ghana’s public diplomacy to academic scrutiny that has, as yet, been underdeveloped. This paper’s principal objective is to bring to light the public diplomacy …

Walking West: A Dérive Along The “Longest, Wickedest Street In America”, Conor Mcgarrigle Dr.

Conference Papers

Walking West centres on a dérive by the author along Denver’s Colfax Ave, the “longest , wickedest street in America”, with this paper an account of that dérive and its resulting artwork. Walking West comprised walking the length of Colfax in a single continuous movement while drawing a line on the sidewalk, tracing the route with a GPS device, while a satellite photograph captured the entire length of the street in a single image during the performance. The project additionally involved an outdoor screening of a film documenting the performance on prairie lands near Denver, and a gallery exhibition of …

#Riseandgrind: Lessons From A Biased Ai, Conor Mcgarrigle

Conference Papers

#RiseandGrind is a research-based artwork that, through a process of active engagement with the machine-learning tools of what is known as artificial intelligence, sought to make visible the complex relationship between the origins and context of training data and the results that are produced through the training process. The project using textual data extracted from Twitter hashtags that exhibit clear bias to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) to generate text for a Twitter bot, with the process of training and text generation represented in a series of gallery installations. The process demonstrated how original bias is consolidated, amplified, and …

Be Media Smart: A National Media Literacy Campaign For Ireland, Phillip Russell

Conference Papers

This paper presents Ireland’s public awareness campaign – ‘Be Media Smart’- which was launched in March 2019 to encourage people of all ages to stop, think, and check that information they see, read or hear across any media platform is reliable. Be Media Smart is an initiative of Media Literacy Ireland (MLI), an independent group facilitated by the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland (BAI) to enhance Irish people’s understanding of, and engagement with, media. Group members include large media and social media companies, Government bodies, libraries, academia and voluntary sector organisations.

The paper will provide an overview of this national campaign, …

An Investigation Of Therapeutic Rapport Through Prosody In Brief Psychodynamic Psychotherapy, Carolina De Pasquale, Charlie Cullen, Brian Vaughan

Conference Papers

Therapeutic alliance, a concept closely related to rapport, is one of the most important variables in psychotherapy. High degrees of synchrony/coordination in the therapeutic session are considered to contribute to rapport, and have received attention in the psychotherapy literature. Coordinative behaviours are observable in speech, and they manifest in phenomena such as prosodic accommodation, a dynamic phenomenon closely related to conversational success. A preliminary investigation of interpersonal prosodic dynamics in psychotherapy was performed on a database obtained in collaboration with the University of Padua, consisting of 16 recordings making up the entire course of a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy intervention for …

The Design Librarian: Graphic Design As An Essential Skill, Sarah-Anne Kennedy

Conference Papers

Developing the Library Workforce

Emerging and future skills required in the Library workforce.

The Design Librarian -graphic design as an essential skill.

In 2017 the Library carried out an audit of Library signage. In line with graphic design best practice, institute guidelines, the Official Languages Act 2003, branding and design guidelines were developed. Design guidelines for people with a disability were also incorporated. A team was established to look after all signage design, marketing, and social media. Over the last year, the team has developed a cohesive Library visual identity that promotes our services and resources across a range of …

Categorisation Of Isolated Sounds On A Background - Neutral - Foreground Scale, William Coleman

Conference Papers

Recent technological advances have driven changes in how media is consumed in home, automotive and mobile contexts. Multi-channel audio home cinema systems are not ubiquitous but have become more prevalent. The consumption of broadcast and gaming content on smart-phone and tablet technology via telecommunications networks is also more common. This has created new possibilities and consequently poses new challenges for audio content delivery such as how media can be optimised for multiple contexts while minimising file size. For example, a stereo audio file may be adequate for consumption in a mobile context using headphones, but it is limited to stereo …

Irish Journalists And Journalism During The American Civil War, Michael Foley

Conference Papers

Irish journalists played a significant role in the lead up to the US Civil War in ensuring the Irish population supported the Union and volunteered for the army.

Perception Of Auditory Objects In Complex Scenes: Factors And Applications, William Coleman

Conference Papers

Over the past twenty years, technological advances have driven the development of media consumption in both home and mobile contexts. While not ubiquitous, multi-channel audio home cinema systems have become more prevalent, as has the consumption of broadcast and gaming media on smartphone and tablet technology via mobile telecommunications networks. This has created new possibilities and poses new challenges for audio content delivery such as how the same content can be presented to greatest effect given that it may be consumed via either a surround-sound home entertainment system or in a mobile context using stereo headphones. This paper outlines research …

The Commodification Of The Cemetery: Burial Sites As Multi Disciplinary Spaces, Siobhan Doyle

Conference Papers

This paper investigates how many cemeteries have overturned their original function and negative association as sites of death and mourning to be transformed into multi-disciplinary spaces which provide visitors with a meaningful experience.

Eventalising Critical Theory Through The Video Essay Format In Long Distance Learning., Glenn Loughran

Conference Papers

This presentation will engage with the themes of improvisation, creativity and innovation by exploring the possibility of using the ‘video essay format’ to negotiate key tensions between traditional and contemporary practices in a Fine Art education. The video essay has a long history of application within the context of audio/visual studies, where it has often been used to define a medium specific language of critical analysis. Although the video essay has taken on such a formal pedagogical function in media studies the use of this format as a pedagogical tool in disciplines outside of media studies is limited.

Of particular …

Television In Ireland Before Irish Television: 1950s Audiences And British Programming, Edward Brennan

Conference Papers

The first television broadcasts in Ireland were watched in the 1950s. These initial programmes were British. This history of these early viewers, however, has been ignored. A dominant narrative has addressed the history of television in Ireland as the history of the public broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ). Thus, the history of Irish television often begins in 1961, overlooking Irish people’s experience of the medium in the preceding decade. This paper breaks with traditional historiography by employing life history interviews to explore the uses, rituals and feelings attached to television in the years before RTÉ.

Irish people who watched television …

Television In Ireland: A History From The Mediated Centre, Edward Brennan

Conference Papers

This paper identifies and critiques a dominant narrative in the history of Irish television, which is too often passed off for, or accepted as, the history of television in Ireland. The his- tory of television in Ireland has been written within an institutional framework and depends on the cultural binary of tradition and modernity, ‘old Ireland’ and ‘new Ireland’. This dom- inant narrative fails to interrogate television as a medium. It provides an account of the Irish broadcaster RTÉ rather than an account of the arrival of a new medium. Ironically this nar- rative which hinges on the role of …

Why Does Film And Television Sci-Fi Tend To Portray Machines As Being Human?, Edward Brennan

Conference Papers

This paper identifies, and attempts to explain, a lack of diversity in the way that cinema and television science fiction represents robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). Through a qualitative content analysis of recent film and television portrayals, it is argued, that a limited and limiting vision predominates. This limitation may serve to ideologically reinforce the power of corporate elites. It may also hamper discussion and debate around technological possibilities and their relationship with society.

There has been a slew of entertainment productions since 2013 that represent AI and robotics. This work examines Her (2013), Transcendence (2014), Interstellar (2014), Chappie (2015), …

On The Factory’S Ruins: The Death Of A Nation And The Birth Of A Museum, Anthony Haughey

Conference Papers

Stuart Hall describes ‘living archives’ as a field of […] rupture, significant breaks, transformations, new and unpredicted departures’. For an artist, the interpretation of archival and historical materials is not solely an academic exercise; it can also be viewed as a societal intervention, where historical narratives are ruptured and re-contextualised, generating an emerging critical and contested site of reinterpretation. In this article I discuss my work as an artist and researcher with particular emphasis on cultural memory, archival formations and the production of contemporary artworks, including my recent video installation, UNresolved which reflects on the twentieth anniversary of genocide in …

The 21st Century Graduate: Delivering A Tailored Approach To Social And Emotional Competency Training For Final Year Students To Enhance Graduate Attributes And Increase Employability, Ailish Jameson, Aiden Carthy, Colm Mcguinness, Fiona Mcsweeney

Conference Papers

The Higher Education Authority recently reported an average drop-out rate of 16% for Irish third level students, which poses significant pedagogical and economic challenges across the educational sector and negatively impacts the Irish economy. With respect to tackling this issue, a considerable body of international research has identified a strong positive correlation between higher levels of emotional intelligence (EI) and increased levels of student engagement and academic attainment. A wealth of previous research has also shown that employers favour graduates who possess higher levels of EI, for example, Job Outlook Survey, 2008, therefore, increasing students’ levels of EI is also …

When Attitudes Become Toys: Play Orbit And The Cybernetics Of Participation, Tim Stott

Conference Papers

This paper discusses the exhibition Play Orbit, curated by Jasia Reichardt, then Assistant Director of the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, in collaboration with Peter Jones of the Welsh Arts Council and first shown at the Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales in Flint from 4to 9 August 1969 and then at the ICA itself from 28 November 1969 to 15 February 1970.

The exhibition consisted of ‘toys, games, and playables [produced] by people who are not professionally involved with the design of playthings, but who work in the field of the visual arts’, wrote Reichardt. In its choice …

The Researcher's Challenge: Entertainment Or Epistemology?, Clare Bell, Mary Ann Bolger

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.

Providing Objective Metrics Of Team Communication Skills Via Interpersonal Coordination Mechanisms, Celine De Looze, Brian Vaughan, Finnian Kelly, Alison Kay

Conference Papers

Being able to communicate efficiently has been acknowledged as a vital skill in many different domains. In particular, team communication skills are of key importance in the operation of complex machinery such as aircrafts, maritime vessels and such other, highly-specialized, civilian or military vehicles, as well as the performance of complex tasks in the medical domain. In this paper, we propose to use prosodic accommodation and turn- taking organisation to provide objective metrics of communica- tion skills. To do this, human-factors evaluations, via a coordi- nation Demand Analysis (CDA), were used in conjunction with a dynamic model of prosodic accommodation …

Commodification Of Cemeteries: Burial Grounds As Multi-Disciplinary Spaces, Siobhan Doyle

Conference Papers

My paper investigates how many cemeteries have overturned their original function and negative association as sites of death and mourning to be transformed into multi-disciplinary spaces which provide visitors with a meaningful experience. There are many burial spaces that are popular tourist sites- Stonehenge (UK), Taj Mahal (India), etc. However, these may not stand out directly to tourists as resting places of the dead because burials have not taken place at these sites for hundreds of years. Tourists may associate the above sites with their visual and iconic features rather than their original purpose as burial grounds. Working cemeteries such …

Km Symposium: Designing Work, Knowledge Cafe Presentation, John Walsh

Conference Papers

This visual presentation looks at the history of office spatial design, particularly in relation to the evolution of the Open Plan office. Starting with the invention of the steel beam which facilitated the creation of large open-plan floorplates in the later part of the 19^th Century, the presentation looks at examples of open plan offices up to the present day. In particular this presentation looks at “the cubicle” and the impact of office spatial and furniture design on different work-modes including collaboration and concentration.

Digital Takeover Of News: Journalism As A Public Service In The Social Media Age, Jenny Hauser

Conference Papers

Research into the use of social media by news organisations to source information and user-generated content has shown substantial changes in the news production process. It is argued that these changes are resulting in increased access to established mainstream media for ordinary citizens, mainly through citizen-journalism.

To date, the news industry has been fixated on how free information and visual content shared on social media platforms can be sourced and verified in such a way that standards of accuracy are maintained. While news organisations focus on reaping the benefits of citizen-journalism on social networks, a growing trend of de-professionalisation in …