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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Risk In Emergency Research Using A Waiver Of/Exception From Consent: Implications Of A Structured Approach For Institutional Review Board Review, Andrew Mcrae, Stacy Ackroyd-Stolarz, Charles Weijer
Risk In Emergency Research Using A Waiver Of/Exception From Consent: Implications Of A Structured Approach For Institutional Review Board Review, Andrew Mcrae, Stacy Ackroyd-Stolarz, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
OBJECTIVE: To apply component analysis, a structured approach to the ethical analysis of risks and potential benefits in research, to published emergency research using a waiver of/exception from informed consent. The hypothesis was that component analysis could be used with a high degree of interrater reliability, and that the vast majority of emergency research would comply with a minimal-risk threshold.
METHODS: A Medline search and manual search were done to identify studies using a waiver of/exception from informed consent published between July 1996 and December 2000. A review panel of physicians and bioethicists independently classified nontherapeutic procedures in each study …
Meaningful Work As Due Inducement, Charles Weijer
Meaningful Work As Due Inducement, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Disclosure Of Research Result To Research Participants: Needs And Attitudes Of Adolescents And Parents, Conrad Fernandez, Shaureen Taweel, Eric Kodish, Charles Weijer
Disclosure Of Research Result To Research Participants: Needs And Attitudes Of Adolescents And Parents, Conrad Fernandez, Shaureen Taweel, Eric Kodish, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
BACKGROUND: Researchers have a moral responsibility to offer to return research results to participants, but the needs and attitudes of parents and adolescents with cancer in paediatric oncology regarding the issue are relatively unknown.
OBJECTIVES: To explore the needs of potential research participants or their guardians with respect to the offer of a return of research results. METHODS: A questionnaire was used in a focus group and in telephone interviews with eight adolescents and 12 parents of children with cancer. The participants were asked to respond to the questions and to comment on the inclusiveness of the questionnaire.
RESULTS: The …
Protecting Communities In Research: From A New Principle To Rational Protections, Ezekiel Emanuel, Charles Weijer
Protecting Communities In Research: From A New Principle To Rational Protections, Ezekiel Emanuel, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
A Critical History Of Individual And Collective Ethics In The Lineage Of Lellouch And Schwartz, Charles Heilig, Charles Weijer
A Critical History Of Individual And Collective Ethics In The Lineage Of Lellouch And Schwartz, Charles Heilig, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
The notions of individual and collective ethics were first explicitly defined in the biostatistical literature in 1971 to motivate a mathematical solution to a posed ethical dilemma. This paper reviews key antecedents to these concepts and traces explicit references to them over time, primarily in the biostatistical literature. Following a historical exposition of these texts, a critical thematic analysis shows the following: the normative force of these concepts has not been adequately argued. Individual and collective ethics do not solve the problem of how to use accumulating data to inform ethical action. The notions of the "individual" and the "collective" …