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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Mormonism In Europe: A Bibliographic Essay, J. Michael Hunter
Mormonism In Europe: A Bibliographic Essay, J. Michael Hunter
Faculty Publications
“Mormonism in Europe: A Bibliographic Essay,” surveys studies useful to serious students and researchers interested in Mormonism in Europe. It focuses on scholarly books, articles, theses, and dissertations published prior to 2010 about The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Europe. Out of necessity it is selective. Works of a more popular nature are included only when they contain information valuable to researchers not found in other publications. The studies listed herein are generally categorized by region and country and fall in a somewhat chronological order by topic within those geographic regions.
The Living Earth: A Nineteenth-Century Latter-Day Saint Perspective, J. Michael Hunter
The Living Earth: A Nineteenth-Century Latter-Day Saint Perspective, J. Michael Hunter
Faculty Publications
By studying the worldview of Mormons living in the nineteenth century, we can better understand their interpretation of nature and their relationship to it. For Mormons of that era, the earth was alive and deeply affected by the attitudes and actions of the humans living upon it. Nineteenth-century Latter-day Saints spoke frequently of the earth, its nature, and its relationship to humanity. They referred to the earth in anthropomorphic terms. It was a living orb endowed with intelligence and feelings. The earth’s life paralleled that of the humans who lived on it. So entwined were the lives of the earth …
Henry Wirz And The Tragedy Of Andersonville: A Question Of Responsibility, Albert Winkler
Henry Wirz And The Tragedy Of Andersonville: A Question Of Responsibility, Albert Winkler
Faculty Publications
Henry Wirz was the most controversial Swiss American. Born in Zurich, Wirz migrated to the United States and joined the Confederacy at the outbreak of the Civil War. He was assigned to oversee the military prison at Andersonville, Georgia, which had a very high death rate. Following the war, Wirz was arrested and tried for war crimes. The trial was a travesty of justice. Many of his supposed crimes were milder punishments than the Union inflicted on its own soldiers. The court allowed hearsay evidence, Wirz was no allowed to call key witnesses for his defense, and many leaders of …
“Much Dispute And Wonderful Contentions”: Modern First Amendment Values In The Book Of Mormon, Edward L. Carter
“Much Dispute And Wonderful Contentions”: Modern First Amendment Values In The Book Of Mormon, Edward L. Carter
Faculty Publications
The First Amendment’s free speech clause, like the religious exercise clause, is profoundly counter-majoritarian. So the fact that a religious point of view is unpopular or out of step with a majority of society is not justification to suppress its expression. Rather, the unpopularity of religious views is the very reason why religious expression should be protected from government or private censorship. Free speech, including religious expression, strengthens and stabilizes society, enables the search for truth, provides a check on government power, facilitates self-governance and fosters autonomy. The Book of Mormon teaches Mormons to respect the contributions of free expression …
East-West Cultural Mediation In The Works Of Galsan Tschinag, Richard Hacken
East-West Cultural Mediation In The Works Of Galsan Tschinag, Richard Hacken
Faculty Publications
This presentation applies the theory and tools of postcolonial theory to the literary techniques and output of the Mongolian writer, Galsan Tschinag, who publishes most of his works in German. It focuses on literary mediation between Asia and Europe, especially Germany, as found in his poetry and prose. In secondary literature Galsan Tschinag has been called the corrective “polar reverse of an Orientalist;” an apologist for round stones in a culture of angular concrete; a wanderer between worlds; an ambassador for Tuva; a linguistic nomad; the poet as shaman; a phenomenon on German talk shows; the Tuvan Moses; a cultural …
Getting Into The Meat Of The Word Of Wisdom, A. Jane Birch
Getting Into The Meat Of The Word Of Wisdom, A. Jane Birch
Faculty Publications
Doctrine & Covenants Section 89 is known as the "health code" for members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In verse 13 of this scripture, the Lord states, “it is pleasing unto me that they [flesh of beasts and fowls of the air] should not be used, only in times of winter, or of cold, or famine” (D&C 89:13). Judging from the variety of interpretations this single verse has inspired, it would appear to be deeply enigmatic. Interestingly, most interpretations have been put forward with little supporting evidence. This article is the first comprehensive analysis of the …
"Make Them Pay": Charting The Social Topography Of An Old Assyrian Caravan Cycle, Edward P. Stratford
"Make Them Pay": Charting The Social Topography Of An Old Assyrian Caravan Cycle, Edward P. Stratford
Faculty Publications
With one foot on the Tigris and the other on the Anatolian plateau, Assyrian merchants conducted a brisk trade in tin, textiles, and silver in the late twentieth and early nineteenth centuries BCE. The structural aspects of the shipment and sale of tin and textiles in exchange for silver in caravan cycles have been the subjects of many excellent studies with methodologies including lexical studies and text-type studies. In addition, archival studies have been helpful in giving a sense of the variety of organization and involvement in the trade among different individuals. However, approaches that focus on structural activities like …
Questioning The Comma In Verse 13 Of The Word Of Wisdom, A. Jane Birch
Questioning The Comma In Verse 13 Of The Word Of Wisdom, A. Jane Birch
Faculty Publications
The 1921 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants included an additional comma, which was inserted after the word “used” in D&C 89:13: “And it is pleasing unto me that they should not be used, only in times of winter, or of cold, or famine.” Later authors have speculated that the addition of the comma was a mistake that fundamentally changed the meaning of the verse. This article examines this “errant comma theory” and demonstrates why this particular interpretation of D&C 89:13 is without merit.
Linguistic Support For Non-Native English Speakers: Higher Education Practices In The United States, Norman W. Evans, Maureen Snow Andrade, K. James Hartshorn
Linguistic Support For Non-Native English Speakers: Higher Education Practices In The United States, Norman W. Evans, Maureen Snow Andrade, K. James Hartshorn
Faculty Publications
Higher education institutions in English-speaking nations host significant populations of non-native English speakers (NNES), both international and resident. English language proficiency is a critical factor to their success. This study reviews higher education practices in the United States related to this population. Findings indicate weaknesses in how institutions identify NNES, measure their English language skills, and track their success. These issues must be addressed to support the needs of this population, fully benefit from their contributions, and achieve educational parity.
On Spanish Loanword And Loanblends In Hawai'i Creole English, Robert N. Smead
On Spanish Loanword And Loanblends In Hawai'i Creole English, Robert N. Smead
Faculty Publications
Hawai'i Creole English (HCE) has been the object of much linguistic research. Virtually all researchers agree that its principal lexical sources include English, Hawaiian and Japanese. Other languages, such as Chinese and Portuguese, have also contributed. To date, however, few publications have considered Spanish as an important lexical source for HCE. The research reported herein attempts to remedy that oversight by considering ten putative loanwords and loanblends thought to derive from Spanish. These include ethnic markers associated with and local dishes brought by Filipino and Puerto Ricans immigrants in the early twentieth century. By documenting cultural traditions and consulting authoritative, …
Bar Mitzvahs And Bat Mitzvahs, Trevan Hatch, Loren Marks
Bar Mitzvahs And Bat Mitzvahs, Trevan Hatch, Loren Marks
Faculty Publications
A bar mitzvah or bat mitzvah, meaning "son/ daughter of the commandment" in Aramaic, refers a Jewish series of rituals performed by adolescent males at age 13 and females at age 12. The ceremony of becoming bar mitzvah or bat mitzvah is not required by Jewish law but is held sacred. The ceremony consists of, among other things, leading part of a worship service and reading the sacred text in front of the assembly. This paramount event in the life of a Jewish youth has evolved over the centuries, but the origins of the ritual date back as early as …
Islam, Zahra Alghafli, Trevan Hatch, Loren Marks
Islam, Zahra Alghafli, Trevan Hatch, Loren Marks
Faculty Publications
Islam, meaning peace or submission, is a major world religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century c.e. Muslims (literally “ones who submit”) number more than 1 billion, approximately one-fifth of the world’s population. Because of the perceived negative portrayal of Islam in the media, particularly in the United States and other Western countries, Muslim organizations have begun to stress that traditional and moderate Islam—which is observed by a large majority of the global Muslim population—is family-centered and nonviolent.
The Creation, Myrna J. Layton
The Creation, Myrna J. Layton
Faculty Publications
On the first day, God said "Let there be light. We need the world to have both day and night. Let there be light; let there be light."
The Federal Charter Of 1291 And The Founding Of The Swiss State, Albert Winkler
The Federal Charter Of 1291 And The Founding Of The Swiss State, Albert Winkler
Faculty Publications
The traditional date for the founding of the Swiss state is 1291 with the signing of the Federal Charter or Bundesbrief. The document was elevated to national significance not by historians or by the opinion of the Swiss people but as an act of government. It was unknown among the early historians of the Swiss Confederation, and many modern historians are skeptical about its authenticity and significance. Internal evidence suggests that the document was composed at a later date, and that it may be a forgery.
Fritz Zwicky And The Search For Dark Matter, Kurt Winkler
Fritz Zwicky And The Search For Dark Matter, Kurt Winkler
Faculty Publications
This paper will discuss the life of the Swiss native, Fritz Zwicky, and this article will present information in a linear fashion, starting with some attention-grabbing information about Zwicky's knowledge of dark matter and then lead to a discussion of his youth and some decisions he made at that time, especially dealing with his education. This essay will then describe some of Zwicky's personal relationships and how his sometimes commanding and abrasive personality affected them. The bulk of this article will deal with how Zwicky was ahead of his time in the areas of astrophysics and the theory of dark …
Passover, Trevan Hatch, Zahra Alghafli, Loren D. Marks
Passover, Trevan Hatch, Zahra Alghafli, Loren D. Marks
Faculty Publications
Passover is a Jewish spring festival that primarily commemorates the ancient liberation of the Hebrew slaves and their exodus from Egypt and secondarily commemorates the liberation of Jews on various instances throughout history. The festival begins on the 15th day of the Hebrew month of Nisan (March or April) and lasts for seven days (eight days in the Diaspora). Passover consists of the traditions of (1) a pre-Passover home cleaning and (2) the Seder (meaning order), an evening ceremony on the first day of Passover that is usually observed with family and friends. Passover season is a time for Jewish …
The Battle Of Adobe Walls And The Red River War, 1874-5, Albert Winkler
The Battle Of Adobe Walls And The Red River War, 1874-5, Albert Winkler
Faculty Publications
Adobe Walls became the site of two major engagements between the whites and Indians, first in 1864 and ten years later in 187 4. In 1843, William Bent established a trading post near a crossing of the Canadian River in the panhandle area of north Texas. The original structure was probably constructed from wood. Two years later, in 1843, the fort was rebuilt out of adobe or sun-dried brick. It was a formidable structure that with walls about 30 feet (9 meters) high, but the fort proved to be in a dangerous area, and Indian raids soon made the location …
The Battle Of The Rosebud, Albert Winkler
The Battle Of The Rosebud, Albert Winkler
Faculty Publications
The Battle of the Rosebud, which took place on 17 June 1876, was the largest single engagement between the United States cavalry and Indian forces in the entire history of the American West. It was a fierce encounter that lasted about six hours and involved all together several thousand cavalrymen and Indian warriors. The outcome of the contest was highly significant because it turned back a major invasion of Indian territories and freed many warriors to engage another invading force under the command of George Armstrong Custer. This led to the destruction of Custer's command at the Battle of the …
Does Measuring L2 Utterance Fluency Equal Measuring Overall L2 Proficiency? Evidence From Five Languages, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Dan P. Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Rob A. Martinsen
Does Measuring L2 Utterance Fluency Equal Measuring Overall L2 Proficiency? Evidence From Five Languages, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Dan P. Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Rob A. Martinsen
Faculty Publications
The current study examined the relationship between overall second language (L2) proficiency and utterance fluency measures for several L2s in order to determine whether utterance measures can be used to predict L2 proficiency. The study measured the speech rate, number of hesitations, number and length of pauses, number and length of runs, and number of false starts using excerpts from 126 ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) spoken by 86 participants. Forty of the participants provided pre‐ and post‐OPI speech samples, which also allowed examination of changes over time. All 86 participants were native English speakers who spoke L2 French, German, …
Language Use In Six Study Abroad Programs: An Exploratory Analysis Of Possible Predictors, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Dan P. Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Rob A. Martinsen, Carrie Gold, Dennis Eggett
Language Use In Six Study Abroad Programs: An Exploratory Analysis Of Possible Predictors, Wendy Baker-Smemoe, Dan P. Dewey, Jennifer Brown, Rob A. Martinsen, Carrie Gold, Dennis Eggett
Faculty Publications
A common predictor of language gains during study abroad (SA) is amount of language use. Yet little attention has been given to determining what factors influence the extent of language use while abroad. Studies in this area have mainly been case studies of learners in single locations. In this larger study, we seek to determine variables connected with language use by examining 118 learners studying abroad in Madrid, Merida (Mexico), Paris, Moscow, Nanjing, or Cairo. These learners reported their second language (L2) use over a 1-week period during their stay. Significant predictors of reported L2 use include SA program, age, …
Linguistic Behavior And Religious Activity, Wendy Baker, David Bowie
Linguistic Behavior And Religious Activity, Wendy Baker, David Bowie
Faculty Publications
Studies have found that Mormons and non-Mormons in Utah exhibit significant linguistic differences. We break this down further by investigating whether there are also differences between Mormons who actively participate in the religion and those who do not, and find significant differences with a medium or larger effect size between the groups for multiple variables. We conclude that when investigating the linguistic correlates of religious affiliation in a community, it is vital to elicit not just respondents’ religious affiliations, but also their level of participation within that religion.
Teaching With The 2013 Edition Of The Doctrine And Covenants, Kenneth L. Alford Ph.D., Gerrit J. Dirkmaat
Teaching With The 2013 Edition Of The Doctrine And Covenants, Kenneth L. Alford Ph.D., Gerrit J. Dirkmaat
Faculty Publications
An overview of many insights to numerous sections in the Doctrine and Covenants made by the Joseph Smith Paper Project. A discussion of how to incorporate this updated information while teaching Latter-day Saints (Mormons).
Prophets Rendering Christlike Service: Looking To Peter As An Example, Kenneth L. Alford Ph.D.
Prophets Rendering Christlike Service: Looking To Peter As An Example, Kenneth L. Alford Ph.D.
Faculty Publications
This chapter (from the 2014 book “An Eye of Faith,” a festschrift for Dr. Richard O. Cowan, published by the Brigham Young University Religious Studies Center) shares examples of prophetic service from Peter the Apostle to each of the prophets of the Restoration—from Joseph Smith, Jr. to Thomas S. Monson. Many of the stories included about modern prophets are not widely known.
“And It Came To Pass . . .”: The Sociopolitical Events In The Book Of Mormon Leading To The Eighteenth Year Of The Reign Of The Judges, Dan Belnap, Daniel L. Belnap, Daniel Belnap, Dan Belnap
“And It Came To Pass . . .”: The Sociopolitical Events In The Book Of Mormon Leading To The Eighteenth Year Of The Reign Of The Judges, Dan Belnap, Daniel L. Belnap, Daniel Belnap, Dan Belnap
Faculty Publications
The period from the end of the seventeenth year of the reign of the judges to the beginning of the nineteenth year was a particularly unstable time in the history of the Nephite people. The amount of text Mormon devotes to it reveals the importance of this time period in their history. The crises that emerged during this time affected every Nephite, but they did not arise out of a vacuum. Instead, a number of prior social forces were at work and created an environment from which the tensions could find full form. This paper focuses on three primary forces: …
Peter And Paul In Antioch, Gaye Strathearn
Peter And Paul In Antioch, Gaye Strathearn
Faculty Publications
When Peter was come to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because he was to be blamed. For before that certain came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles: but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing them which were of the circumcision” (Galatians 2:11–12). So wrote the Apostle Paul to the Galatian Saints. This passage is a difficult one. Just as ancient Saints were not comfortable with the public tension between Christianity’s most prominent leaders, neither are modern Saints today.
Sharia Law, Trevan Hatch
Sharia Law, Trevan Hatch
Faculty Publications
Sharia is the Islamic legal code that serves as an ethical, practical, and religious guide for practicing Muslims. Sharia has been variously translated from Arabic as "the way," "the correcting path," or literally "the path leading to the watering place." Sharia has Sunni and Shia variations as well as different schools of jurisprudence within those traditions, but all sharia is rooter in the Qur'an (or Koran, the primary sacred text of Islam) and the lived example of the Prophet Muhammad, as discussed in the hadith (a body of traditions concerning the Prophet Muhammad's life and revelations). these two sources are …
Red Cloud's War And The Indian Victory Over The United States, Albert Winkler
Red Cloud's War And The Indian Victory Over The United States, Albert Winkler
Faculty Publications
Following the American Civil War, the United States fought a major war against the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians known as Red Cloud's War, which lasted from 1866 to 1868. The conflict is noteworthy for its many raids, for its three significant battles, and because it was a costly American defeat and an important Indian victory. A prominent leader of the Native Americans was the great war chief, Red Cloud, who engineered much of their success. The conflict included several important and bloody engagements including the Hayfield and the Wagon Box Battles in 1867, and the highly significant Fetterman Massacre …
Judaism And Orthodox Judaism, Loren Marks, Trevan Hatch
Judaism And Orthodox Judaism, Loren Marks, Trevan Hatch
Faculty Publications
The Term Jew, which began as a tribal name and later became a national title, today refers to many things: an ethnic group a philosophy, a religion (Judaism), a tradition, or a way of life. Although Jews have comprised a relatively small portion of the world population, over the last 3,000 years the sacred tects and monotheistic tradition of the Jewish people have been foundational in Western civilization. The Jews, while suffering some of the greatest persecutions of any group in recorded history
Empirical Validation Of Listening Proficiency Guidelines, Troy L. Cox, Ray Clifford
Empirical Validation Of Listening Proficiency Guidelines, Troy L. Cox, Ray Clifford
Faculty Publications
Because listening has received little attention and the validation of ability scales describing multidimensional skills is always challenging, this study applied a multistage, criterion‐referenced approach that used a framework of aligned audio passages and listening tasks to explore the validity of the ACTFL and related listening proficiency guidelines. Rasch measurement and statistical analyses of data generated in seven separate language studies resulted in significant differences in listening difficulty between the proficiency levels tested and confirmed the validity of the ACTFL proficiency assessment for listening.
“The Frontier Thesis In Transnational Migration: The U.S. West In The Making Of Italy Abroad,” In Immigrants In The Far West: Historical Identities And Experiences, Edited By Jessie L. Embry And Brian Q. Cannon (Salt Lake City: University Of Utah Press, 2014), 363-381., Mark I. Choate
Faculty Publications
In 1879, a young postal worker in the small town of Lendinara, Italy, decided to emigrate. Adolfo Rossi, twenty-two years old, was discouraged with his prospects in his small town near Venice. Adolfo lived at home with his mother in the heavily populated Polesine valley. Although he had a steady job, he wanted to become a journalist. In Adolfo’s words, while taking a walk along the Adige river one night, a strange idea struck my mind like a bolt of lightning. I reflected only a moment and committed myself to an audacious resolution. “No, I will not stay vegetating here,” …