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- Credibility (4)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 53
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Animating Chinese Cinemas: A Preface, Li Guo, Jinying Li
Animating Chinese Cinemas: A Preface, Li Guo, Jinying Li
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This preface by the guest editors provides a situated overview of the purpose, structure and methodologies of the contributing articles on Chinese animations in this special issue. Aiming to reconfigure Chinese film studies through historical and theoretical inquiries about the relationship between the animated and the cinematic, the special issue introduces a nascent perspective on Chinese animations by offering rigorous and stimulating studies on the forms, genres and materiality of animation, as well as on the technological and ontological conditions of animated moving images in the age of digital new media. The preface also provides a brief historical overview of …
The Aesthetics Of Hysteria In Feminine Melodrama; On Fang Fang's Water Under Time (2008), Li Guo
The Aesthetics Of Hysteria In Feminine Melodrama; On Fang Fang's Water Under Time (2008), Li Guo
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
Water under Time, the novel by the reputed Chinese fiction writer Fang Fang, appropriates and reconstructs the conventions of the hysteric narrative as an affective form of feminine history telling and writing. The novel, which accounts Hankou city’s past through the heroine’s life story, illustrates how feminine hysteria provides a gendered lens of reconstructed historical authenticity via the panorama of China’s early Republican period, the anti‐Japanese War, and the present new millennium. Transcending the official historical accounts, Fang Fang’s narrative features women’s innovative reconfiguration of contesting historical discourses about the city, the community, and the nation. This study of Water …
Beyond Boundaries: Women, Writing And Visuality In Contemporary China, Géraldine Fiss, Li Guo
Beyond Boundaries: Women, Writing And Visuality In Contemporary China, Géraldine Fiss, Li Guo
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This special issue offers explorations of women, writing, and visuality in contemporary Chinese literature and culture, following up on a previous issue titled “Nation, Gender, and Transcultural Modernism in Early Twentieth‐Century China,” which was published in Frontiers of Literary Studies in China (vol. 8, no. 1, 2014). The earlier issue addressed “the complex cultural mechanism which placed gender at the center of the nationalist discourse” in early twentieth‐century works by both male and female authors and questioned how the uncertainty of discourses on gender and nation “opens up space for creating subversive cultural imaginaries and challenging colonial discourses.” This issue …
Introduction To Forum: Nation, Gender, And Transnational Modernism, Ping Zhu, Li Guo
Introduction To Forum: Nation, Gender, And Transnational Modernism, Ping Zhu, Li Guo
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This forum, sprouted from a thematic panel at the 2013 Annual Meeting of Association for Asian Studies in San Diego, situates its theoretical focus on the intersecting relationship between gender and nation in early twentieth-century China within a transcultural framework. Viewing both "gender" and "nation" as centrifugal sites for discursive production in modern China, the five contributors of this special issue probe into the complex cultural mechanism which placed gender at the center of the nationalist discourse. Reciprocally, the authors explore how the instability of both discourses on gender and nation opens up space for creating subversive cultural imaginaries and …
Writing Women In Northeastern China: Melancholic Narrative In Mei Niang's Novellas, Li Guo
Writing Women In Northeastern China: Melancholic Narrative In Mei Niang's Novellas, Li Guo
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
Mei Niang (1920–2013), the pen name of Sun Jiarui, is a female fiction writer, translator, and editor of Funü zazhi (Ladies’ journal). In the semi-colonial Northeast China, Mei Niang’s exploration of melancholic narratives shore up manifold levels of socio-historical discourses that are constructive of women’s subjectivity. Melancholic narrative functions as an inverted mirror of both the author’s cultural displacement from her diasporic experience, and her portrayal of colonial domination of local elites by the Japanese in Northeast China. Also, the author’s depiction of feminine melancholia revokes the modernist ideology of love and its constitutive male-centered discourses, dismantles the social disenfranchisement …
Does A Customer By Any Other Name Tip The Same?: The Effect Of Forms Of Address And Customers’ Age On Gratuities Given To Food Servers In The United States, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr.
Does A Customer By Any Other Name Tip The Same?: The Effect Of Forms Of Address And Customers’ Age On Gratuities Given To Food Servers In The United States, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr.
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This study examined whether different forms of address used by food servers were related to customers' tipping behavior. Food servers addressed diners who paid with credit cards by their first names, titles plus last names, sir/ma'am, or no address. Results indicated that when food servers personalized their service by addressing their customers by name, they earned significantly higher tips than when they used less immediate forms of address, although customers' estimated age mediated these results.
Ecological Integrity In Protected Areas: Two Interpretations, Gorden Steinhoff
Ecological Integrity In Protected Areas: Two Interpretations, Gorden Steinhoff
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
Federal environmental legislation and policy in the United States require that managers seek to maintain natural conditions or “naturalness” within national parks, wilderness, and other protected areas.1 A number of experts in protected area management have argued, however, that naturalness should be abandoned as a mandatory goal in these areas. In the recently published book, Beyond Naturalness, leading management experts strongly recommend changes in protected area law and policy to allow alternative goals.2 One goal recommended by these experts for many management situations is maintaining ecological integrity.3 Indeed, ecological integrity is currently the management goal required by law in Canadian …
Persuasion On Trial: An Exercise For Understanding The Benefits Of Studying Persuasion, John S. Seiter, R. H. Gass
Persuasion On Trial: An Exercise For Understanding The Benefits Of Studying Persuasion, John S. Seiter, R. H. Gass
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
The study of persuasion is the wellspring of the communication discipline. Nevertheless, in one review, Seiter and Gass (2004) noted that "critics of persuasion seem to emerge and reemerge with some regularity" (p. 2). Although the study of persuasion is generally venerated by those within the field of communication, it is not always viewed so favorably by laypersons, including students who enroll in introductory persuasion courses. Ordinary people often perceive persuasion negatively.
Review Essay: Negotiating The Traditional And The Modern: Chinese Women's Literature From The Late Imperial Period Through The Twentieth-Century, Li Guo
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
The three books above complement each other in their coverage of Chinese women's literary genres from the late fourteenth through the early twentieth century. The authors' theoretical inquiries invite consideration of the following questions: what meaning, if any, might a feminist imagination or approach have in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) eras, early and late Republican China (1911-1948), and beyond? What do these works have in common regarding the resituating of women's literary status, the reclamation of feminine agency, and the empowerment of female subjectivity in China's literary tradition? These books can be considered in dialogue with Western feminism …
Responses To An Opponent’S Nonverbal Behavior In A Televised Debate: Audience Perceptions Of Credibility And Likeability, Harry Weger Jr., John S. Seiter, Kimberly A. Jacobs, Valerie Akbulut
Responses To An Opponent’S Nonverbal Behavior In A Televised Debate: Audience Perceptions Of Credibility And Likeability, Harry Weger Jr., John S. Seiter, Kimberly A. Jacobs, Valerie Akbulut
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This study examined audience perceptions of a political candidate’s credibility and likeability as a function of varying the candidate’s responses to an opponent’s nonverbal disparagement during a televised debate. 412 participants watched a purported televised debate between candidates for mayor in a small city in Utah. In all six versions, one debater engaged in strong nonverbal disagreement during his opponent’s opening statement. His opponent responded to the nonverbal behavior with one of six decreasingly polite messages. Results indicated that more direct (i.e., less polite) messages increased audience perceptions of the speaker’s expertise and character compared to providing no response. The …
Rethinking Female Voice And The Ideology Of Sound: A Study Of Stanley Kwan's Film Center Stage (1992), Li Guo
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
The article presents criticism on the film "Ruan Lingyu" ("Center Stage"), focusing on director Stanley Kwan's depiction of the female voice in terms of a feminist analysis of the body and voice of Ruan Lingyu, the silent film actress whose life is the focus of the film. Kwan's use of sound editing is highlighted, and special attention is paid to actress Maggie Cheung's portrayal of Ruan. Other topics include Ruan's suicide and China's transition to sound motion pictures.
Naturalness And Biodiversity: Why Natural Conditions Should Be Maintained Within Protected Areas, Gorden Steinhoff
Naturalness And Biodiversity: Why Natural Conditions Should Be Maintained Within Protected Areas, Gorden Steinhoff
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
In this Article, I will argue that naturalness (natural conditions) should be maintained as a mandatory goal in the management of protected areas. It will be important to describe in detail what naturalness as a management goal consists of. Within Beyond Naturalness, Cole, Yung, and other authors misrepresent the naturalness mandated within protected area law and policy. I wish to defend the claim that naturalness, properly understood, is necessary for the preservation of native biodiversity. I will describe an interesting case study in which managers have intervened in wilderness to conserve "what we value" without respect for natural conditions, and …
The Flipper Debate: Teaching Intercultural Communication Through Simulated Conflict, Jennifer A. Peeples, Bradford J. Hall, John S. Seiter
The Flipper Debate: Teaching Intercultural Communication Through Simulated Conflict, Jennifer A. Peeples, Bradford J. Hall, John S. Seiter
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
Although Western cultures tend to view dolphins as friendly and benevolent, in Japanese fishing communities, "iruka" (dolphins) are often viewed as food or pests. These perspectives have led to intense conflicts between Japanese fishermen and activists from the west. This article presents an exercise that simulates intercultural conflict by asking students to role-play the parts of Japanese fishers or Western filmmakers and, along the way, sheds light on concepts such as ethnocentrism, value differences, and world views.
The Legacy Of Crossdressing In Tanci: A Histoire Of Heroic Women And Men, Li Guo
The Legacy Of Crossdressing In Tanci: A Histoire Of Heroic Women And Men, Li Guo
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This essay studies a tanci work, A Histoire of Heroic Women and Men (1905), as a case which reflects the intersecting themes of crossdressing, gender representation and the literary form of tanci. Written tanci, appropriated and redeveloped by educated women to tell stories of female crossdressers, scholars, and military leaders, offers a meaningful intervention in the dominant social and cultural discourses of womanhood in late imperial China. In the fictional realm, women’s acts of crossdressing transcend the Confucian ideological prescriptions of feminine identity, displaying their heroic efforts to pursue autonomy in a patriarchal culture. This essay will analyze how these …
Making History Anew: Feminine Melodrama In Eileen Chang's Love In A Fallen City, Li Guo
Making History Anew: Feminine Melodrama In Eileen Chang's Love In A Fallen City, Li Guo
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This essay will explore the narrative mode of feminine melodrama in Love in a Fallen City, a novella by the Shanghainese writer Eileen Chang (1920–1995). Chang has gained international fame for her depiction of Chinese women in the tumultuous transitional period prior to the modern era, especially traditional women figures that are in stark contrast with the New Woman ideal portrayed by her contemporary writers. Born in Shanghai, Chang was a descendant of an eminent late imperial official and received western education in Hong Kong under the influence of her open-minded mother. A literary sensation at the age of twenty-five, …
The Wilderness Act, Prohibited Uses, And Exceptions: How Much Manipulation Of Wilderness Is Too Much, Gorden Steinhoff
The Wilderness Act, Prohibited Uses, And Exceptions: How Much Manipulation Of Wilderness Is Too Much, Gorden Steinhoff
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
The Wilderness Act of 1964 prohibits a number of uses in federally designated wilderness areas. In accordance with the Act, there shall be no permanent or temporary roads, no use of motor vehicles, motorized equipment, landing of aircraft, or placement of structures or installations. The Act includes an important clause that allows exceptions. The Act states that temporary roads, motor vehicles, structures and installations, etc., are prohibited “except as necessary to meet minimum requirements for the administration of the area for the purpose of this Act.” As will be discussed, this obscure clause has been widely misinterpreted by federal agencies …
Persuasion By Way Of Example: Does Including Gratuity Guidelines On Customers’ Checks Affect Tipping Behavior In Restaurants?, John S. Seiter, Garett M. Brownlee, Matthew Sanders
Persuasion By Way Of Example: Does Including Gratuity Guidelines On Customers’ Checks Affect Tipping Behavior In Restaurants?, John S. Seiter, Garett M. Brownlee, Matthew Sanders
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This study examined the role of gratuity guidelines on tipping behavior in restaurants. When diners were finished with their meals, they were given checks that either did or did not include calculated examples informing them what various percentages of their bill would amount to. Results indicated that parties who received the gratuity examples left significantly higher tips than did those receiving no examples. These results and their implications are discussed.
The Role Of Background Behavior In Televised Debates: Does Displaying Nonverbal Agreement And/Or Disagreement Benefit Either Debater?, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr., Andrea Jensen, Harold J. Kinzer
The Role Of Background Behavior In Televised Debates: Does Displaying Nonverbal Agreement And/Or Disagreement Benefit Either Debater?, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr., Andrea Jensen, Harold J. Kinzer
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This study examined the effects of background nonverbal behavior displayed with the purpose of undermining one's opponent in televised debates. Students watched one of four versions of a televised debate. In each, while the speaking debater appeared on the main screen, subscreens displayed her nonspeaking opponent's background nonverbal behavior. In one version, the non-speaking debater remained “stone faced” during her opponent's speech, while in the other three she nonverbally displayed occasional disagreement, nearly constant disagreement, or both agreement and disagreement. After viewing the debates, students rated the debaters' credibility, appropriateness, objectivity, and debate skills, in addition to judging who won …
Nonsmoker’S Perceptions Of Male And Female Cigarette Smokers’ Credibility, Likeability, Attractiveness, Considerateness, Cleanliness, And Healthiness, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr., Mandy L. Merrill, R. Mark Mckenna, Matthew L. Sanders
Nonsmoker’S Perceptions Of Male And Female Cigarette Smokers’ Credibility, Likeability, Attractiveness, Considerateness, Cleanliness, And Healthiness, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr., Mandy L. Merrill, R. Mark Mckenna, Matthew L. Sanders
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This study examined perceptions of male and female models depicted smoking or not smoking cigarettes. Undergraduate students viewed photographs of smoking or nonsmoking models and then rated the models' credibility, homophily, attractiveness, likeability, considerateness, cleanliness, and healthiness. Analysis indicated that being viewed as a cigarette smoker damaged people's images. With the exception of two dimensions of credibility, smokers, compared to nonsmokers, were rated less favorably on every variable examined in this study. These results are discussed.
Compliments And Purchasing Behavior In Telephone Sales Interactions, Josh Dunyon, Valerie Gossling, Sarah Willden, John S. Seiter
Compliments And Purchasing Behavior In Telephone Sales Interactions, Josh Dunyon, Valerie Gossling, Sarah Willden, John S. Seiter
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
A fitness equipment salesperson sold more add-on merchandise and earned a higher commission when complimenting customers (47 men, 41 women) than when not complimenting them during telephone interactions. Compliments did not increase the sales of fitness equipment, however.
Start Making Sense! Introducing Students To Karl Weick’S Principles Of Organizational Communication, John S. Seiter, Deborah Dunn
Start Making Sense! Introducing Students To Karl Weick’S Principles Of Organizational Communication, John S. Seiter, Deborah Dunn
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
Although rambunctious school children throwing paper airplanes are often credited as the premier creators of chaos in classrooms, we recommend that instructors turn the tables. Specifically, we suggest that professors, armed with their own paper airplanes, create chaos in their classrooms as a means of teaching students about Karl Weick's principles of organizational communication. In keeping with Weick's notions that communication and organizing are required to reduce uncertainty, and that members of organizations are interdependent, this exercise presents students with an ambiguous problem that requires communication, organizing, and sense-making to solve.
Strategies For Responding To Background Nonverbal Disparagement In Televised Political Debates: Effects On Audience Perceptions Of Argument Skill And Appropriateness, Harry Weger Jr., John S. Seiter, Kimberly A. Jacobs, Valerie Akbulut
Strategies For Responding To Background Nonverbal Disparagement In Televised Political Debates: Effects On Audience Perceptions Of Argument Skill And Appropriateness, Harry Weger Jr., John S. Seiter, Kimberly A. Jacobs, Valerie Akbulut
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
412 participants watched a purported televised political debate between candidates for mayor. In each of six versions, one debater engaged in strong nonverbal disagreement during his opponents opening statement. The opponent then responded with one of six decreasingly polite attempts to stop the debater from engaging in the nonverbal behavior. Direct, but not personally attacking, responses resulted in higher levels of perceived argumentation effectiveness and appropriateness when compared to not responding to the nonverbal behavior.
The Effect Of Generalized Compliments, Sex Of Server, And Size Of Dining Party On Tipping Behavior In Restaurants, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr.
The Effect Of Generalized Compliments, Sex Of Server, And Size Of Dining Party On Tipping Behavior In Restaurants, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr.
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This study examined the effects of food servers' sex, the use of generalized compliments, and the size of the dining party on tipping behavior in restaurants. Four food servers (2 males, 2 females) waited on 360 parties eating dinner, and either complimented or did not compliment the parties on their dinner selections. Results indicated that food servers received significantly higher tips when complimenting their parties than when not complimenting them, although as the size of the party increased, the effectiveness of compliments decreased. These results and their implications are discussed.
Impression Management In Televised Debates: The Effect Of Background Nonverbal Behavior On Audience Perceptions Of Debaters’ Likeability, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr., Harold J. Kinzer, Andrea Sandry Jensen
Impression Management In Televised Debates: The Effect Of Background Nonverbal Behavior On Audience Perceptions Of Debaters’ Likeability, John S. Seiter, Harry Weger Jr., Harold J. Kinzer, Andrea Sandry Jensen
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This study examined whether a debater's background nonverbal behavior affected audience perceptions of her and her opponent's likeability. Students watched one of four versions of a televised debate. In each, while the speaking debater appeared on the main screen, subscreens displayed her opponent's background nonverbal behavior. In one version, the nonspeaking debater displayed a neutral expression, whereas in the others she displayed occasional disagreement, nearly constant disagreement, or both agreement and disagreement. After viewing the debates, students rated the debaters' likeability. Analysis indicated that background behavior influenced perceptions of the nonverbal communicator but not of the speaking debater.
Mitigation Banking And The Problem Of Consolidation, Gorden Steinhoff
Mitigation Banking And The Problem Of Consolidation, Gorden Steinhoff
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
A mitigation bank is a large wetland or wetland complex that is restored or created for the sake of selling credits to private developers or government agencies to compensate for the loss of natural wetlands. Mitigation banking is now emphasized within federal environmental policy. Proponents of banking claim that banking is beneficial to the environment, but studies have shown that this practice threatens biodiversity. The problem is consolidation. With banking, wetlands in a broad geographical area are collapsed into a relatively small area. Wetlands within banks tend to be larger and they are less diverse in type than the wetlands …
Teaching Social Influence: Resources And Exercises From The Field Of Communication, John S. Seiter, R. H. Gass
Teaching Social Influence: Resources And Exercises From The Field Of Communication, John S. Seiter, R. H. Gass
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
Effective teachers know that when students are engaged in active learning, they learn more, retain it longer, apply it better, and continue to learn (Weimer, 1993). One way to promote such learning is through the use of innovative classroom activities that lead students to understand, interpret, and/or apply information. In that spirit, educators in the field of communication have developed an array of activities and demonstrations for promoting active learning in students of social influence. To facilitate the use of such activities, this article uses an annotated bibliography format to review over 30 published articles designed by communication teachers to …
The Effect Of Compliments On Tipping Behavior In Hair Styling Salons, John S. Seiter, Eric Dutson
The Effect Of Compliments On Tipping Behavior In Hair Styling Salons, John S. Seiter, Eric Dutson
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This study examined the role of compliments on tipping behavior in hairstyling salons. Two female hair stylists cut and styled 115 customers' hair and either complimented or did not compliment the customers while interacting. Results indicated that hair stylists received significantly higher tips when complimenting their customers than when not complimenting them. These results and their implications are discussed.
Teaching Students How To Analyze And Adapt To Audiences, John S. Seiter, R. H. Gass
Teaching Students How To Analyze And Adapt To Audiences, John S. Seiter, R. H. Gass
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
Not long ago, one of the author's students told him, “I won't be able to make it to your class today. I have to study for a test in another course. Will I miss anything important?” The author, of course, had heard this excuse before, as many of us probably have. What made this interaction more amusing was what, by coincidence, the student was going to miss that day: a discussion on analyzing and adapting to audiences. Had she attended the class, we wonder if she would understand the negative ways in which her excuse might be interpreted by a …
Ingratiation And Gratuity: The Effect Of Complimenting Customers On Tipping Behavior In Restaurants, John S. Seiter
Ingratiation And Gratuity: The Effect Of Complimenting Customers On Tipping Behavior In Restaurants, John S. Seiter
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
The present study examined the role of ingratiation on tipping behavior in restaurants. In the study, 2 female food servers waited on 94 couples eating dinner, and either complimented or did not compliment the couples on their dinner selections. Results indicated that food servers received significantly higher tips when complimenting their customers than when not complimenting them. These results and their implications are discussed.
Deception And Emotion: The Effects Of Motivation, Relationship Type, And Sex On Expected Feelings Of Guilt And Shame Following Acts Of Deception In United States And Chinese Samples, John S. Seiter, Jon Bruschke
Deception And Emotion: The Effects Of Motivation, Relationship Type, And Sex On Expected Feelings Of Guilt And Shame Following Acts Of Deception In United States And Chinese Samples, John S. Seiter, Jon Bruschke
Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications
This study explored whether people expect to experience guilt and shame following acts of deception, and whether such expectations are mediated by the deceivers' motivation, culture, sex, and/or the type of relationship between the deceiver and deceived. Students from China and the United States imagined themselves in several deception scenarios and rated the degree to which they would expect to experience guilt and shame following the deception. The scenarios depicted messages told for different reasons (e.g., to avoid conflict, to appear better) and with various relational partners (e.g., friends, spouses, strangers). Results indicated that motive, culture, and relationship affect emotional …