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Articles 1 - 30 of 45
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Incorporating Institutions And Ideology: Why Covid Didn't Change Anything, Cullen Kendrick
Incorporating Institutions And Ideology: Why Covid Didn't Change Anything, Cullen Kendrick
Student Research Submissions
In this paper, I investigate the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic through an economic and philosophical lens to try and understand why government aid was removed. Looking at the problem as solely a structural issue, with Jurgen Habermas’ Between Facts and Norms and Douglas North’s Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance guiding my understanding, provides useful insights. Namely, how the informal and formal structures of society interact, and their cyclical nature. However, that perspective does not provide a complete picture. And so, I developed an understanding of ideology to investigate the origins of informal societal structures. To do this I …
Genius, Instrumental Music, And “Great Mistakes”: Amadeus Wendt And Beethoven’S Ninth Symphony, Sarah Clemmens Waltz
Genius, Instrumental Music, And “Great Mistakes”: Amadeus Wendt And Beethoven’S Ninth Symphony, Sarah Clemmens Waltz
Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies
The author attributes the anonymous 1826 Berliner allegemeine musikalische Zeitung (BamZ) review of the Leipzig performances of Beethoven’s Ninth, which suggests removal of the choral finale and inspires A.B. Marx to a passionate defense, to the critic Amadeus Wendt. The career of Wendt as a philosophy professor is firmly established, as is his criticism for the BamZ, Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (AmZ), Cäcilia, Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung mit besonderer Rucksicht auf den österreichischen Kaiserstaat (WamZ), and other journals. Wendt’s Hoffmannesque opinions of instrumental music are contextualized via his extensive criticism of opera and vocal music, highlighting themes such as inappropriate virtuosity, (im)proper …
The Only Labourer Left: Resituating The Nonhuman Animal In The Language Of Labour And The History Of Philosophy, Mina Rosefield
The Only Labourer Left: Resituating The Nonhuman Animal In The Language Of Labour And The History Of Philosophy, Mina Rosefield
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This dissertation is an investigation of the ontological position of the nonhuman animal within the Marxist tradition and as it concerns both the language of value production and the slaughterhouse. The premise of my study is an engagement with Marx’s oeuvre and influences, as well those who respond to his work. Within this context, I propose that the nonhuman animal’s ontological position—as it concerns labour, language, and intellect—is subject to a gesture of erasure which marks their being as performing the action of interest in the absence of the possibility to claim either determination, or fluency of capability. This paradoxical …
The Roaring Lion Of Berlin: The Life, Thought, And Influence Of Eugen Dühring, Arden Roy
The Roaring Lion Of Berlin: The Life, Thought, And Influence Of Eugen Dühring, Arden Roy
Undergraduate Research Symposium
The life and influence of 19th-century German polymath Eugen Dühring remain but a mere footnote in the history of ideas, being primarily relegated to the status of little more than a theoretical rival to Marxism in the German socialist movement and the occasional object of Freidrich Nietzsche's rhetorical flogging. Despite the current consensus on the subject, Eugen Dühring was a scholar of vast, remarkable learnedness, contributing greatly to philosophy, economics, and the natural sciences. The aim of this talk will be to clear the fog surrounding the life and work of the controversial blind scholar and give an account of …
Wage Slavery As Indignity: Examining How Capitalism Produces Dignity Violations, Alexander Petk
Wage Slavery As Indignity: Examining How Capitalism Produces Dignity Violations, Alexander Petk
Major Papers
Both Martha Nussbaum and Karl Marx examine human dignity. Whereas Marx’s account describes how the capitalist mode of production harms individual dignity, Nussbaum’s account is more general. She provides both a positive account of dignity as based on her capabilities approach, while also providing an explanation as to how dignity comes to be violated. She endeavours to describe what features a dignified life ought to possess. Despite this, Nussbaum fails to identify the role that the capitalist system plays in depriving individuals of a dignified life. Chiefly, the position of ‘wage slavery’ is both a product of the capitalist system, …
Karl Marx On Human Flourishing And Proletarian Ethics, Sam Badger
Karl Marx On Human Flourishing And Proletarian Ethics, Sam Badger
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation will show that Marx’s philosophy contains a notion of human “second nature” centered on the activity of labor with a corresponding class-centered theory of flourishing and emancipation. This notion shares important similarities with that of Aristotle but also differs in significant ways. Second nature for Marx is created and habituated through education and social labor. Moreover, human nature is molded into different forms as history progresses and modes and means of production change. In a class society everyone becomes is alienated from their nature in a way that inhibits their flourishing. This contrasts with an emancipated society, where …
A Social Ontological Account Of Alienation And Its Place In The History Of Alienation Theory, Philip William Bauchan
A Social Ontological Account Of Alienation And Its Place In The History Of Alienation Theory, Philip William Bauchan
Dissertations
Alienation is a sociological term that has found itself severely out of favor as an analytical concept due to what are perceived as inextricable theoretical shortcomings despite having once enjoyed a time when it was taken to be essential for a robust and critical analysis of society. This dissertation looks to contribute to a revitalization of alienation theory by offering an understanding of alienation that is grounded in the framework of social ontology as forwarded in the works of John Searle. This social ontological account conceives of alienation as a fallout fact that arises when there is a performative contradiction …
Defining Creativity And Its Role In Marx's Philosophy, Carlos Avila
Defining Creativity And Its Role In Marx's Philosophy, Carlos Avila
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The intent of this thesis is to explore the concept of creativity as it appears in the major works of Karl Marx and to attempt to discern its role in the emancipatory political project that Marx proposes. Contemporary understandings of creativity still rely upon notions of the artist-genius, locating the "true" expression of creative freedom in the work of art. A more recent development is the commodification of creativity as a quality of a good worker, who is now expected to find innovative ways of doing their job more efficiently. Both of these ideas about creativity allow for our creative …
"Auto"-Exploitation: A Marxist Examination Of Self-Driving Cars, Parker Duvall
"Auto"-Exploitation: A Marxist Examination Of Self-Driving Cars, Parker Duvall
Honors Undergraduate Theses
In this thesis, I argue that a neo-Marxist critical theory perspective on self-driving cars shifts critical conversations from risks and benefits to concerns about the commodification of free time necessary for our human experience of autonomy. First, I outline that neo-Marxist perspective by charting the different types of power exercised by a capitalist in order to increase their surplus. I then analyze Karl Marx's conception of time in economic exchange to show that, under capitalism, power is exercised over labor through the commodification of workers' free time. I then introduced Michel Foucault's concept of biopower to transition to the commodification …
Marcello Musto, The Last Years Of Karl Marx, 1881-1883: An Intellectual Biography. Translated By Patrick Camiller. Stanford, Ca: Stanford University Press, 2020. Isbn 9781503612525., Sean Sayers
Emancipations: A Journal of Critical Social Analysis
In the final years of his life, Marx suffered repeated attacks of bronchitis and other illnesses. On doctor’s orders, he spent weeks on end convalescing by the sea, forbidden to exert himself. In the past, most biographers have passed over this period of Marx’s life very briefly, treating it as barren and unproductive. They can be forgiven for doing so, they had little to go on. Marx published very little in these years, and only a few of his letters were known. This situation has changed dramatically in recent years.
Climate Change: The Final Crisis Of Capital, Walker Daniel Peatross
Climate Change: The Final Crisis Of Capital, Walker Daniel Peatross
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
As the body of scientific research on climate change continues to grow it has become undeniable that we live in the midst of an ecological crisis; however, this leaves us with a myriad of secondary questions whose answers are more contentious. In this project, I use a mixture of Marxist and Phenomenological analysis to explore these uncertainties. In chapter one, I will detail Marx's description of capitalism both to demonstrate the inherent irrationality of the system and also to represent the ecological critique implicit in Marxist Theory. In chapter two, I will examine how the ideology of neoliberal political theory …
Goethe’S Faust And The Philosophy Of Money, Thimo Heisenberg
Goethe’S Faust And The Philosophy Of Money, Thimo Heisenberg
Philosophy Faculty Research and Scholarship
Philosophers today do not think of Goethe’s Faust as an important contribution to the philosophy of money. But to discount the work in this way is a mistake, I argue. Underneath Faust’s lyrical form, Goethe develops a comprehensive view of money that came to be an important influence on left-wing (Karl Marx) and right-wing (Oswald Spengler) discussions of money. Centrally, Goethe argues that modern economic practices have transformed money obsession (long conceived of primarily as an individual vice) into a structural problem: social structures are now set up to systematically require individuals to engage in quasi-obsessive behaviors towards …
Being-In-Capital: A Study In The Existential And Sociological Conditions Of Post-Industrial Capitalism, Edgar Mauricio Llamas
Being-In-Capital: A Study In The Existential And Sociological Conditions Of Post-Industrial Capitalism, Edgar Mauricio Llamas
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of this thesis is threefold: firstly, to argue for the possibility of a Heideggerian Marxism through demonstration; secondly, to attempt to establish the foundation for a future phenomenology of capitalism; and thirdly, to attempt to redress Karl Marxâs weak theory of alienated subjectivity. I do this through the gradual development of a new concept that I have come to call being-in-capital. The first chapter is thus generally dedicated to preparation, concretized through a familiarization with Martin Heideggerâs system of thought, as embodied in four of his works: Being and Time, âThe Origin of the Work of Art,â the …
The Destructive Draw Of Historical Determinism, Jared Russell
The Destructive Draw Of Historical Determinism, Jared Russell
Honors Projects
Historical determinism can be understood as the idea that future events are predestined, usually by an esoteric or economic force. This is accompanied by the belief that there is a certain group of enlightened people that know what this future outcome will be. These people are also often convinced that it is their duty to help bring about this historical synthesis. While there are different iterations of historical determinism that can be critiqued, this paper will be focusing on some of the most influential. Specifically, the connection between a historical determinism as imagined by Hegel which was then adapted into …
Murmurs Of Revolution: Mythical Subversion In Dostoevsky, Connor Guetersloh
Murmurs Of Revolution: Mythical Subversion In Dostoevsky, Connor Guetersloh
English (MA) Theses
Throughout history, revolutions have been plagued by unpredictability; it is all but impossible to know when cultural systems will be turned on their heads. Is there a common motivator, to predict social unrest bubbling beneath the surface of society? I suggest the development of this motivator is detectable by deconstructing Ferdinand de Saussure’s semiotic patterns within the field of rhetorical mythology. “Mythology,” in the rhetorical and linguistic sense developed by Roland Barthes, is the study of a collective system of thinking we subconsciously subscribe to when interpreting meaning, perpetuated by greater society. The struggle for meaning is split into the …
Li Zehou: Synthesizing Kongzi, Marx, And Kant, Andrew Lambert
Li Zehou: Synthesizing Kongzi, Marx, And Kant, Andrew Lambert
Publications and Research
To understand the details of Li Zehou’s work, it is helpful to first locate it within the social and historical contexts to which Li was responding. Specifically, his work can be understood as a contribution to the struggle to establish the intellectual foundations of a Chinese modernity. As China transitioned away from the long-lived dynastic system that had ended early in the twentieth century, there was intense debate in China about what forms of social and political order should take its place. Marxism emerged as the governing ideology after the Communist revolution, but this did not settle the outstanding social …
A Pre-Structural Center: Deconstructing Classical Social Theory, Darius F. Irani
A Pre-Structural Center: Deconstructing Classical Social Theory, Darius F. Irani
Honors Undergraduate Theses
For theory and literature to evolve parallel to the subject matter which it associates, it recurrently progresses through admittance of variably incremental, yet critical, entries. This is the nature of modernism. This thesis reflects on one important point in the life of modernism, the advent at which society is first formalized and assimilated into theory: the origin of social theory, a point indisputably influential to twentieth century philosophy, but just eclipsed by one of that century's most noticeable theoretical features. The past century saw the rise and fall of a universalizing framework called structuralism. Informing the disciplines, especially the social …
The Concept Of The Global Subject In Adorno, Sebastian Kanally
The Concept Of The Global Subject In Adorno, Sebastian Kanally
Major Papers
Theodor W. Adorno makes the following claim in his 1962 essay “Progress”: “The possibility of progress, of averting the most extreme, total disaster, has migrated to this global subject alone. Everything else involving progress must crystalize around it.” While this is Adorno’s most explicit articulation of the importance of a global subject, it is not the only one. In multiple places across his work he makes reference to mankind’s current lack of a global subject, and the need for a global subject to develop and intervene. This paper weaves together the first systematic analysis of a “global subject [Gesamtsubjekt]” as …
Sartre, Camus And A Marxism For The 21st Century, David Schweickart
Sartre, Camus And A Marxism For The 21st Century, David Schweickart
Philosophy: Faculty Publications and Other Works
In 1952 Albert Camus wrote a caustic letter to Les Temps Modernes in response to the journal’s negative review of The Rebel, addressed, not to the author of the review, but to “M. Le Directeur,” i.e. to Sartre. Sartre’s response published in the journal ended their friendship. This article examines the deep cause of this rupture, Camus’s political views moving rightward, Sartre’s moving left. I examine Camus’s critique of Marx and Marxism, then ask the question, “What is Marxism, Anyway?” I defend a version of Sartrean “existential Marxism” as appropriate for our time.
Animals, Machines, And Moral Responsibility In A Built Environment, Logan Stapleton
Animals, Machines, And Moral Responsibility In A Built Environment, Logan Stapleton
Philosophy Honors Projects
Nature has ended. Acid rain and global warming leave no place untouched by human hands. We can no longer think of 'the environment' as synonymous with 'nature'. Instead, Steven Vogel argues that the environment is more like a mall: it is built. And because we build the environment, we are responsible for it. Yet, other things build, too. Animals build and use tools. Machines and algorithms build everything from skyscrapers to cell phones. Are they responsible for what they build? While animals and robots are normally considered in distinct philosophical fields, Vogel’s rejection of the natural-artificial split prompts us to …
The Objectivity Of Subjectivity: The Dialectics Of Marx, Lenin, And Brecht, Timothy Wells
The Objectivity Of Subjectivity: The Dialectics Of Marx, Lenin, And Brecht, Timothy Wells
Senior Projects Spring 2018
Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College.
Hic Rhodus, Hic Salta! Three Conceptions Of The Modern Inequality Paradox, Nicoletta Christina Montaner
Hic Rhodus, Hic Salta! Three Conceptions Of The Modern Inequality Paradox, Nicoletta Christina Montaner
Dissertations
The modern epoch is characterized by a paradoxical form of social inequality in which poverty expands alongside the unprecedented growth in socially-produced wealth. Any one conception of this dynamic stakes a claim within the classical liberal problematic, in which the central political challenge is the negotiation of individual interests with those of the social whole. Part one of this work analyzes three influential conceptions of the inequality paradox in the history of social thought, those of G.W.F. Hegel, Karl Marx, and John Maynard Keynes, each encompassing a perspective on the nation-state and its relationship to the institutions of economic intercourse. …
Marx's Democratic Critique Of Capitalism And Its Implications For A Viable Socialism, C. David Schweickart
Marx's Democratic Critique Of Capitalism And Its Implications For A Viable Socialism, C. David Schweickart
David Schweickart
This paper argues that Marx’s critique of capitalism is not, as commonly believed, a critique of the “free market.” I argue that the “market” under capitalism should be understood as a three-fold market—for goods and services, for labor and for capital. I argue that Marx’s critique is essentially a critique of the latter two markets, and not the first. Hence theoretical space opens up for “market socialism.” I proceed to elaborate briefly what specific institutions might comprise an economically viable socialism that would not be vulnerable to Marx’s critique.
Revolution In Ideology: Crafting A Holistic Scientific Dialectic, Nathan Neill
Revolution In Ideology: Crafting A Holistic Scientific Dialectic, Nathan Neill
Dialogue & Nexus
Ideology drives scientific research far more than is acknowledged. Since science itself is conducted by individuals, each scientist has a biased conception of themselves and their surroundings relative to the rest of the universe, even if it is never explicated. This sense of relation to the greater universe is what defines the ideology of the individual. It is this sense of relation and self that creates the individual, who goes on to investigate the natural world by the scientific method. In this paper I will examine extant scientific ideology, particularly in Western science, and propose changes that could be helpful.
Capitalism Rejected Is Education Perfected: The Imperfect Examples Of Tarzan’S New York Adventure And Captain Fantastic, Steven E. Alford
Capitalism Rejected Is Education Perfected: The Imperfect Examples Of Tarzan’S New York Adventure And Captain Fantastic, Steven E. Alford
Class, Race and Corporate Power
One of the more beguiling films of 2016 was Matt Ross’ Captain Fantastic, a tale about a father raising a brood of children in the Pacific Northwest woods, and the challenges the family faces when it emerges into “civilization” to confront a family crisis. A much earlier film, 1942’s Tarzan’s New York Adventure, shares its narrative structure: Tarzan and Jane must leave their jungle paradise and confront a threat to their family in the canyons of New York. Both films explore the problems associated with parents’ attempt at educating their children. And in both films the families’ pedagogical …
Reexaming The Political Ontology Of Class: An Investigation Of A Central Marxist Concept, Ciarán Coyle
Reexaming The Political Ontology Of Class: An Investigation Of A Central Marxist Concept, Ciarán Coyle
Honors College
This thesis attempted to critically examine the concept of class as it has been developed and deployed by European Marxism. The central question that guided this investigation was: “what constitutes the being of a class?” In course of developing an answer to this ontological question, this thesis approached the problem of class from two different methodological perspectives. The first part of this thesis attempted to understand class via a brief examination of the history of the concept as it appears in the writing of Marxist theorists from the original writings of Marx and Engels to the more-politically oriented theories of …
Review Of From Marx To Kant, Harry Van Der Linden
Review Of From Marx To Kant, Harry Van Der Linden
Harry van der Linden
This article reviews the book "From Marx to Kant," by Dick Howard.
Technology And The Impoverishment Of Experience: An Insight Through Heidegger And Marcuse, Brenna C. Gradus
Technology And The Impoverishment Of Experience: An Insight Through Heidegger And Marcuse, Brenna C. Gradus
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
The influence of technology in contemporary society is increasingly pervasive. While humankind reaps the benefits technology has to offer, these benefits do not come without costs. Often these costs are neither articulated nor addressed. Technology, from the Industrial Revolution to the Information Age, has reestablished the way in which we orient ourselves in our world. In doing so it has, in many cases, lowered our standard of human experience, thus creating an impoverishment of experience itself. Martin Heidegger and Herbert Marcuse provide especially insightful considerations of the ways in which modern technology impoverishes human existence. Furthermore, they have both posed …
Religious Tones And Overtones In The Human Sufficiency Arguments Of Marx And Nietzsche, Norman Rudolph Saliba
Religious Tones And Overtones In The Human Sufficiency Arguments Of Marx And Nietzsche, Norman Rudolph Saliba
Masters Theses
It is often assumed that since Marx and Nietzsche were both anti-religious thinkers, religion played no part in the formulation of their philosophical outlooks. With this assumption, the influence of historical religions on rhetoric has received a subordinate role, if at all, in the discourse on 19th century German critiques of those very religions. Although differing fundamentally in the debate on inclusiveness versus individuality, this essay asserts that Marx and Nietzsche, both from families of religious scholars, broke with previous philosophical tradition and utilized a religious form of rhetoric in their writings to combat doctrines of human deficiency inherent …
Contrasting Simmel’S And Marx’S Ideas On Alienation, Jorge Capetillo-Ponce
Contrasting Simmel’S And Marx’S Ideas On Alienation, Jorge Capetillo-Ponce
Jorge Capetillo-Ponce
Aside from their many affinities, the fundamental difference between these two thinkers is that they address the problem of alienation from two very different standpoints and with very different moral preoccupations. Marx’s moral vision is that of a revolutionary thinker who seeks to guide the masses toward the fulfillment of an impossible task: “the solution of the riddle of history,” the construction of a totally new society, free of alienation, on the ruins of the existent one. What chiefly inspires Simmel is a concern for individualistic values. Simmel thus is more “micro” and Marx more “macro” in their respective sociological …