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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Arguing Or Reasoning? Argumentation In Rhetorical Context, Manfred Kraus
Arguing Or Reasoning? Argumentation In Rhetorical Context, Manfred Kraus
OSSA Conference Archive
If dialogue is a necessary condition for argument, argumentation in oratory becomes questionable, since rhetoric is not a dialogically structured activity. If special norms apply to the ‘solo’ performances of rhetoric, the orator’s activity may be more appropriately described as reasoning than as arguing. By analyzing in what respect rhetorical texts can be interpreted as dialogue-based and subject to criteria of Informal Logic, the virtues of rhetorical argumentation in contrast to logic and dialectic emerge.
Evidence-Based Practice (Ebp), Means-End Reasoning And Goal Directed Theories, Tone Kvernbekk
Evidence-Based Practice (Ebp), Means-End Reasoning And Goal Directed Theories, Tone Kvernbekk
OSSA Conference Archive
Means-end reasoning – deliberations concerning what to do to attain a goal – is at the heart of EBP and practical pedagogy in general, but beset by many misunderstandings. In this paper I discuss the form of means-end reasoning involved in EBP. I bring out its basic features by first comparing it to David Hitchcock’s complex means-end scheme and then to the notion of goal-directed theories. Which approach, if any, best accommodates the means-end reasoning of EBP?
How To Formalize Informal Logic, Douglas Walton, Thomas F. Gordon
How To Formalize Informal Logic, Douglas Walton, Thomas F. Gordon
OSSA Conference Archive
This paper presents a formalization of informal logic using the Carneades Argumentation System, a formal, computational model of argument that consists of a formal model of argument graphs and audiences. Conflicts between pro and con arguments are resolved using proof standards, such as preponderance of the evidence. Carneades also formalizes argumentation schemes. Schemes can be used to check whether a given argument instantiates the types of argument deemed normatively appropriate for the type of dialogue.