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Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
Ethical Aspects Of Prenatal Genetic Diagnostics, Hille Haker
Ethical Aspects Of Prenatal Genetic Diagnostics, Hille Haker
Hille Haker
Starting with some basic distinctions, i.e. the distinction between an ethics of human self-fulfilment ,of individual and social values and of virtues on one hand, and an ethics of individual rights, of obligation and of social justice on the other, this paper explores the manifold scenario of the problems of prenatal diagnosis with respect to these different aspects of ethical analysis. This is followed by a normative evaluation of the status of the human embryo, and by an elaboration of different adressees of responsibility in the field of biomedicine and, especially, of prenatal genetic diagnosis. The author comes to the …
Abortion And Animal Rights: Does Either Topic Lead To The Other?, Nathan M. Nobis
Abortion And Animal Rights: Does Either Topic Lead To The Other?, Nathan M. Nobis
Nathan M. Nobis, PhD
The “Babe” Vegetarians: Bioethics, Animal Minds And Moral Methodology, Nathan Nobis
The “Babe” Vegetarians: Bioethics, Animal Minds And Moral Methodology, Nathan Nobis
Nathan M. Nobis, PhD
Here I discuss the role the film “Babe” has played in helping people address these challenges and make this moral progress. It is thought that a significant number of young people (mostly girls, now young women) became vegetarians due to their seeing “Babe.” These people are often called “Babe Vegetarians,” influence by what has been called “The Babe Effect.” Many of their stories are found on the internet.
Caritas In Communion: Theological Foundations Of Catholic Health Care, M. Lysaught
Caritas In Communion: Theological Foundations Of Catholic Health Care, M. Lysaught
M. Therese Lysaught
No abstract provided.
Researchers’ Perceptions Of Ethical Challenges In Cluster Randomized Trials: A Qualitative Analysis, Andrew Mcrae, Carol Bennett, Judith Belle Brown, Charles Weijer, Robert Boruch, Jamie Brehaut, Shazia Chaudhry, Allan Donner, Martin Eccles, Jeremy Grimshaw, Merrick Zwarenstein, Monica Taljaard
Researchers’ Perceptions Of Ethical Challenges In Cluster Randomized Trials: A Qualitative Analysis, Andrew Mcrae, Carol Bennett, Judith Belle Brown, Charles Weijer, Robert Boruch, Jamie Brehaut, Shazia Chaudhry, Allan Donner, Martin Eccles, Jeremy Grimshaw, Merrick Zwarenstein, Monica Taljaard
Charles Weijer
Background
Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) pose ethical challenges for investigators and ethics committees. This study describes the views and experiences of CRT researchers with respect to: (1) ethical challenges in CRTs; (2) the ethics review process for CRTs; and (3) the need for comprehensive ethics guidelines for CRTs.
Methods
Descriptive qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with a purposive sample of 20 experienced CRT researchers.
Results
Informants expressed concern over the potential for bias that may result from requirements to obtain informed consent from research participants in CRTs. Informants suggested that the need for informed consent ought to be related to …
Bioethics In Canada, Charles Weijer, Anthony Skelton, Samantha Brennan
Bioethics In Canada, Charles Weijer, Anthony Skelton, Samantha Brennan
Samantha Brennan
This comprehensive introduction to bioethical issues emphasizes Canadian policies, issues, and scholars. Using the human lifespan as an organizing narrative, Bioethics in Canada explores ethical theories through a diverse selection of readings discussing traditional and cutting-edge topics in the field.
Readership : Bioethics in Canada is a core text for bioethics courses, generally offered in second- or third-year through philosophy departments at Canadian universities.
http://www.oupcanada.com/catalog/9780195440157.html
Eight Is Enough?: The Ethics Of The California Octuplets Case, Scott Paeth
Eight Is Enough?: The Ethics Of The California Octuplets Case, Scott Paeth
Scott R. Paeth
The recent California octuplets case raises a number of important issues that need to be addressed in the context of the increasingly widespread practice of in vitro fertilization. This paper explores some of those issues as looked at from the perspective of protestant theological ethics and public theology, examining the moral responsibilities of the various participants in the process, both before and after the octuplets’ birth, including the mother, her doctors, the health care bureaucracy, the wider society, and the media. Each of these participants failed in significant respects to consider the ethical implications of the births in this complicated …
Ethical Issues Posed By Cluster Randomized Trials In Health Research, Charles Weijer, Jeremy Grimshaw, Monica Taljaard, Ariella Binik, Robert Boruch, Jamie Brehaut, Allan Donner, Martin Eccles, Antonio Gallo, Andrew Mcrae, Raphael Saginur, Merrick Zwarenstein
Ethical Issues Posed By Cluster Randomized Trials In Health Research, Charles Weijer, Jeremy Grimshaw, Monica Taljaard, Ariella Binik, Robert Boruch, Jamie Brehaut, Allan Donner, Martin Eccles, Antonio Gallo, Andrew Mcrae, Raphael Saginur, Merrick Zwarenstein
Charles Weijer
The cluster randomized trial (CRT) is used increasingly in knowledge translation research, quality improvement research, community based intervention studies, public health research, and research in developing countries. However, cluster trials raise difficult ethical issues that challenge researchers, research ethics committees, regulators, and sponsors as they seek to fulfill responsibly their respective roles. Our project will provide a systematic analysis of the ethics of cluster trials. Here we have outlined a series of six areas of inquiry that must be addressed if the cluster trial is to be set on a firm ethical foundation: 1. Who is a research subject? 2. …
Conceptual Problems In Research Ethics, Charles Weijer
Conceptual Problems In Research Ethics, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
This poster addresses these issues:
• What good is medical research?
• What is owed to the study subject?
• When is research risk acceptable?
• How should we conduct research in developing countries?
• How should we conduct research involving communities?
Feminism, Law, And Bioethics, Karen H. Rothenberg
Feminism, Law, And Bioethics, Karen H. Rothenberg
Karen H. Rothenberg
Feminist legal theory provides a healthy skepticism toward legal doctrine and insists that we reexamine even formally gender-neutral rules to uncover problematic assumptions behind them. The article first outlines feminist legal theory from the perspectives of liberal, cultural, and radical feminism. Examples of how each theory influences legal practice, case law, and legislation are highlighted. Each perspective is then applied to a contemporary bioethical issue, egg donation. Following a brief discussion of the common themes shared by feminist jurisprudence, the article incorporates a narrative reflecting on the integration of the common feminist themes in the context of the passage of …
Ethical Considerations In The Conduct Of Vaccine Trials In Developing Countries, Charles Weijer, C. Lanata, C. Plowe
Ethical Considerations In The Conduct Of Vaccine Trials In Developing Countries, Charles Weijer, C. Lanata, C. Plowe
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Ethical Challenges In Icu Research, Charles Weijer
Ethical Challenges In Icu Research, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
When Can Physicians Say “No” To Families And Patients?, Charles Weijer
When Can Physicians Say “No” To Families And Patients?, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Public Health And The Rights Of States, András Miklós
Public Health And The Rights Of States, András Miklós
Andras Miklos
When exercising their public health powers, states claim various rights against their subjects and aliens. The paper considers whether public health considerations can help justify some of these rights, and explores some constraints on the justificatory force of public health considerations. I outline two arguments about the moral grounds for states’ rights with regard to public health. The principle of fairness emphasizes that those who benefit from public health measures ought to contribute their fair share in upholding them. Alternatively, states’ rights might be justified by a natural duty of justice to uphold and not to obstruct institutions implementing public …
Helsinki Discords: Fda, Ethics, And International Drug Trials, Jonathan Kimmelman, Charles Weijer, Eric Meslin
Helsinki Discords: Fda, Ethics, And International Drug Trials, Jonathan Kimmelman, Charles Weijer, Eric Meslin
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
The Ethical Phenomenon Of Gm-Corn: Anger, Anxiety, And Arrogance In Crossing American Borders, Jules Simon
The Ethical Phenomenon Of Gm-Corn: Anger, Anxiety, And Arrogance In Crossing American Borders, Jules Simon
Jules Simon
In terms of phenomenology, I often wonder about the relevance of what I do as a philosopher for the life of those with whom I come into contact. This ‘coming into contact’ happens for me on several levels: as one human among many, as a husband and father and son and brother, as a teacher, as a neighbor, and as country or city dweller. I remember with fondness those times in the late sultry summer months when, as a youth, I would drive with my father to this or that local farm-stand on some remote back road in the hills …
Ethics And Schizophrenia, A. Rudnick, Charles Weijer
Ethics And Schizophrenia, A. Rudnick, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
U.S. Federal Regulations For Emergency Research: A Practical Guide And Commentary, Andrew Mcrae, Charles Weijer
U.S. Federal Regulations For Emergency Research: A Practical Guide And Commentary, Andrew Mcrae, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
Emergency medicine research requires the enrollment of subjects with varying decision-making capacities, including capable adults, adults incapacitated by illness or injury, and children. These different categories of subjects are protected by multiple federal regulations. These include the federal Common Rule, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) regulations for pediatric research, and the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Final Rule for the Exception from the Requirements of Informed Consent in Emergency Situations. Investigators should be familiar with the relevant federal research regulations to optimally protect vulnerable research subjects, and to facilitate the institutional review board (IRB) review process. IRB …
Politics, Risk, And Community In The Maya Icbg Case, Fern Brunger, Charles Weijer
Politics, Risk, And Community In The Maya Icbg Case, Fern Brunger, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Evaluating Benefits And Harms In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Evaluating Benefits And Harms In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Revisiting The Ethics Of Hiv Prevention Research In Developing Countries, Charles Weijer, Guy Leblanc
Revisiting The Ethics Of Hiv Prevention Research In Developing Countries, Charles Weijer, Guy Leblanc
Charles Weijer
Issues: We present key aspects of our paper, commissioned by UNAIDS in 2005, entitled, “Revisiting the ethics of HIV prevention research in developing countries.” In 2004 and 2005 we witnessed the closure or suspension of three international clinical trials testing tenofovir in the prevention of HIV infection in high risk groups due to the failure to provide free treatment to those who seroconvert during the conduct of the study. We examine critically moral claims for the provision of treatment to those who seroconvert in HIV prevention trials and ask whether it is a matter of moral obligation or moral negotiation? …
What Does Vulnerability Mean?, Barry Hoffmaster
What Does Vulnerability Mean?, Barry Hoffmaster
C. Barry Hoffmaster
No abstract provided.
Vulnerability Within The Body Of Christ: Anointing Of The Sick And Theological Anthropology, M. Therese Lysaught
Vulnerability Within The Body Of Christ: Anointing Of The Sick And Theological Anthropology, M. Therese Lysaught
M. Therese Lysaught
No abstract provided.
Protecting Communities In Research: From A New Principle To Rational Protections, Ezekiel Emanuel, Charles Weijer
Protecting Communities In Research: From A New Principle To Rational Protections, Ezekiel Emanuel, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Evaluating Risks Of Non-Therapeutic Research In Children, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Evaluating Risks Of Non-Therapeutic Research In Children, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
A Critical History Of Individual And Collective Ethics In The Lineage Of Lellouch And Schwartz, Charles Heilig, Charles Weijer
A Critical History Of Individual And Collective Ethics In The Lineage Of Lellouch And Schwartz, Charles Heilig, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
The notions of individual and collective ethics were first explicitly defined in the biostatistical literature in 1971 to motivate a mathematical solution to a posed ethical dilemma. This paper reviews key antecedents to these concepts and traces explicit references to them over time, primarily in the biostatistical literature. Following a historical exposition of these texts, a critical thematic analysis shows the following: the normative force of these concepts has not been adequately argued. Individual and collective ethics do not solve the problem of how to use accumulating data to inform ethical action. The notions of the "individual" and the "collective" …
Respect: Or, How Respect For Persons Became Respect For Autonomy, M. Therese Lysaught
Respect: Or, How Respect For Persons Became Respect For Autonomy, M. Therese Lysaught
M. Therese Lysaught
This article provides an intellectual archeology of how the term “respect” has functioned in the field of bioethics. I argue that over time the function of the term has shifted, with a significant turning point occurring in 1979. Prior to 1979, the term “respect” connoted primarily the notion of “respect for persons” which functioned as an umbrella which conferred protection to autonomous persons and those with compromised autonomy. But in 1979, with the First Edition of Principles of Biomedical Ethics by Beauchamp and Childress, and the report of the Ethical Advisory Board (EAB) of the (then) Department of Health, Education, …
Bioethics In Social Context, Edited By Barry Hoffmaster, Charles Weijer
Bioethics In Social Context, Edited By Barry Hoffmaster, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Community Consent For Genetic Research, Charles Weijer
Community Consent For Genetic Research, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.
Ethical Issues In Palliative Care Research, Neil Macdonald, Charles Weijer
Ethical Issues In Palliative Care Research, Neil Macdonald, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.