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Articles 1 - 30 of 1157
Full-Text Articles in Arts and Humanities
"Most Catholic Spain": British Evangelical Protestant Views Of The Spanish Civil War And Its Legacy, Chloe Kinderman
"Most Catholic Spain": British Evangelical Protestant Views Of The Spanish Civil War And Its Legacy, Chloe Kinderman
Undergraduate Honors Theses
"Most Catholic Spain": British Evangelical Protestant Views of the Spanish Civil War and its Legacy presents a case study of The Churchman’s Magazine and Wickliffe Preachers’ Messenger (CMWPM), a publication of the Protestant Truth Society, between 1930 and 1945. The Protestant Truth Society was a British Evangelical organization that was dedicated to opposing the influence of Catholicism within Britain. This thesis explores how the CMWPM discussed Spain during the interwar and World War II period, especially its coverage of the Second Spanish Republic, the Spanish Civil War, and the early Franco Regime. Ultimately, the CMWPM latched on to Spain as …
Desertion And Discontent In The East German Border Police, 1948-1959, Rose Shafer
Desertion And Discontent In The East German Border Police, 1948-1959, Rose Shafer
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The East German Border Police (Deutsche Grenzpolizei) was the organization responsible for patrolling the borders of the German Democratic Republic from its creation in 1946 until its transformation into the Border Troops of the GDR (Grenztruppen der DDR) and reorganization as part of the National People's Army (Nationale Volksarmee) in 1961. The organization had the dual task of preventing "Republikflucht," the illegal migration of East German citizens to West Germany, and acting as the first line of defense in the case of an attack from West German forces. The ruling Sociality Unity Party of Germany ( …
“Due To The Tender And Close Relationship”: The Italian Inquisition’S Investigations Of Jews And Christians In The Sixteenth Century, Jacob Schapiro
“Due To The Tender And Close Relationship”: The Italian Inquisition’S Investigations Of Jews And Christians In The Sixteenth Century, Jacob Schapiro
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis looks at the Italian Inquisition’s treatment of Jews and those suspected of being Jews and thus sits at the intersection of two different historical subfields: Jewish studies and Inquisition studies. Each subfield is broad but overlaps with the other. I analyze six Inquisition cases—four from Venice and two from Florence—and recount the original accusations, before delving into the likely circumstances of the people involved, based on witness testimony. By looking at these cases, I show how blurred religious identity could be, as people adopted the guise of one faith and then another, depending on the time and place. …
“The History Of Our History”: The Preservation And Development Of The College Of William & Mary’S Wren Building As An Historic Site, Katie Moniz
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The Wren Building has been the core of the College of William & Mary for as long as it has operated. The history of the building is inseparable from that of the College. The traditions, politics, relationships, and events that make up the history of William & Mary have played out within the walls of the Wren Building—the tangible testimony of the College that has existed since the seventeenth century. For the William & Mary community, to understand the history of the Wren Building is also to understand its own identity. As such, examining the evolution of the conceptualization, preservation, …
Shaping Western Views Of Homosexuality In 20th Century Europe Through Community, Sarah Palluconi
Shaping Western Views Of Homosexuality In 20th Century Europe Through Community, Sarah Palluconi
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis will discuss a community of transnational sexual reformers and their influence on public and private views of homosexuality between the 1890s to the 1930s. This community of sexual reformers had ties to the World League for Sexual Reform (WLSR), an international organization that operated from 1928 to 1935. The WLSR discussed birth control, sexual education, prostitution, venereal disease, and, of course, homosexuality in terms of the law and society. By analyzing the few leading figures who studied homosexuality and sexology at the beginning of the 20th century, I have found that the correspondence and discussion of homosexuality …
Theology And Revolution?: Negotiating Heritage In Gerhard Brendler’S Biography Of Martin Luther, Terence Flannery
Theology And Revolution?: Negotiating Heritage In Gerhard Brendler’S Biography Of Martin Luther, Terence Flannery
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The historiography on Martin Luther in the German Democratic Republic was a complex and fluid process of heritage building with direct influence on how the state positioned itself [TB1] in relation to the church. Martin Luther is a monumental figure in German history and has figured prominently in the construction of German national identity. When the GDR sought to build a socialist society after the Second World War, many existing aspects of Lutheran identity in the areas that now made up the GDR, had to be renegotiated due to their direct conflict with socialist principles. The East German state sidelined …
Pompeiian Mill-Bakeries: Spatial Organization And Social Interaction, Madeleine Rubin
Pompeiian Mill-Bakeries: Spatial Organization And Social Interaction, Madeleine Rubin
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis examines bread production and the daily lives of those who worked in mill-bakeries during the first century CE. Bread was the staple food across the ancient Mediterranean; however, there is little textual evidence about those who produced the bread that fed the Roman Empire. The most significant body of evidence relating to the lives of mill-bakers is the archaeological remains of mill-bakeries from the city of Pompeii, preserved by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 CE. This thesis analyzes the spatial organization of bread production within these mill-bakeries and applies the methodologies of spatial syntax – a …
James Blair Historical Review Volume 13, Issue 2
James Blair Historical Review Volume 13, Issue 2
James Blair Historical Review
No abstract provided.
Breaking And Setting The Pattern: European Influences On Early Catalan Nationalism, Gabriel Black-Planas
Breaking And Setting The Pattern: European Influences On Early Catalan Nationalism, Gabriel Black-Planas
Undergraduate Honors Theses
During the development of the Catalan nationalist political tradition between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, early Catalanist thinkers drew heavily from the examples of their European and American contemporaries. As Catalonia developed an industrial base and began celebrating its linguistic and cultural heritage during the nineteenth century, it increasingly looked outwards. Seeing themselves as more European than Spanish, Catalanist desperately wished to modernize their region and nation. To this end, Catalanists developed a very specific and Eurocentric standard for civilizations that they thought critical for national development. This work traces the development of this model, what it entailed, how it …
The People's House?: Countermajoritarianism In The House Of Representatives, Andrew Hoffman
The People's House?: Countermajoritarianism In The House Of Representatives, Andrew Hoffman
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This is the first study of countermajoritarianism in the House of Representatives. Although the House is considered a majoritarian institution, intrastate malapportionment remained rampant prior to the 1964 Wesberry decision; the three-fifths clause drove systematic antebellum differences in the number of free people in northern and southern House districts; and widespread voter discrimination in the South led to systematically different levels of turnout. Combined, these factors potentialized roll calls in which the chamber’s majority did not actually represent more free individuals, voters, or electoral supporters than the minority. Using three separate measures, I characterize such outcomes as countermajoritarian. I find …
"Agent Orange Is Our Nemesis": The Blue Water Navy Veterans' Battle For Dioxin Compensation Amidst The Ongoing Vietnam War, Molly Parks
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis examines the use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War and its effects on American Blue Water Navy veterans amidst their battle for presumptive service connection to Agent Orange exposure. The first chapter studies the history of the American decision to use Agent Orange, placing this history in the broader context of the Vietnam War. It argues that as long as Agent Orange and its health consequences persist among its victims without proper compensation, the Vietnam War is an ongoing conflict. The second chapter is a focused study on the Blue Water Navy veterans’ battle for a presumptive …
“Thirsteth For The Blood Of America”: Propaganda And Violence During The American Revolution, Taylor Fischer
“Thirsteth For The Blood Of America”: Propaganda And Violence During The American Revolution, Taylor Fischer
Undergraduate Research Awards
Excerpt from paper: "On December 14, 1763, a group of discontented farmers from the Pennsylvania frontier, called the Paxton Boys, arrived at Conestoga Manor in Lancaster County. The Paxton Boys were Scots-Irish Presbyterians who aimed to take over a Quaker colony. The group of farmers murdered six peaceful Conestoga Indians who were under the long-standing protection of the colonial Pennsylvania government. After the initial attack, Pennsylvania’s government placed the remaining Conestoga in a Lancaster jailhouse for their supposed protection. The Paxton Boys then traveled to Lancaster and slaughtered fourteen more Conestoga peoples. These murderous and militant frontiersmen claimed that the …
“On Earth, As It Is In Heaven”: The Holy Family And Beguines In The Southern Low Countries (Ca. 1230-Ca. 1500), Harrison Klingman
“On Earth, As It Is In Heaven”: The Holy Family And Beguines In The Southern Low Countries (Ca. 1230-Ca. 1500), Harrison Klingman
Undergraduate Research Awards
Excerpt from paper: "Differing from their monastic contemporaries, beguines were uncloistered religious women who took temporary vows of chastity while splitting their lives between the religious and secular spheres. In the late twelfth century, beguine communities began on a small and informal scale until papal approval in 1233 sanctioned their lifestyle; thereafter, large communities known as beguinages started to materialize.1 During this religious movement, beguines were faced with various questions over how to structure their family lives. Navigating through these uncertain waters, beguines ultimately found a solution in the Holy Family’s example by modeling their lives after the Virgin and …
James Blair Historical Review: Volume 12, Issue 2
James Blair Historical Review: Volume 12, Issue 2
James Blair Historical Review
No abstract provided.
Peace Discourse In Postwar Japan: Emergence, Continuity, And Transformation, Xiuyu Li
Peace Discourse In Postwar Japan: Emergence, Continuity, And Transformation, Xiuyu Li
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Postwar Japan has often been described as “pacifist.” This is because Japan has not engaged in a single major conflict since the end of WWII and because of the kind of peace thinking developed by its war-weary populations. While it was considered natural for humans to desire peace, this momentum was generated from the memory of Japanese people as both perpetrators and victims of war over the course of the country’s modernization. The Japanese intellectuals not only cherished the peaceful condition in the wake of WWII as a generous gift from the Allied powers but also dedicated themselves into rebuilding …
The People Of Seljuq Baghdad, 1069-1089, Henry Stratakis-Allen
The People Of Seljuq Baghdad, 1069-1089, Henry Stratakis-Allen
Undergraduate Honors Theses
In recent years, scholars of the Islamic Middle East have fiercely debated the nature and underlying causes of the so-called ‘Sunni Revival’, a period of Sunni political resurgence and theological consolidation centered around the city of Baghdad that lasted throughout the eleventh century. Despite the importance of this period, which witnessed the crystallization of mainstream Islamic thought as it is known to the present, scholars have been unable to synthesize its phenomena into a single convincing narrative. This shortcoming is owed largely to scholars lacking a robust structural understanding of Islamic society during this period, particularly with respect to Baghdad. …
The Cult Of The Nymphs: Identity, Ritual, And Womanhood In Ancient Greece, Ivana Genov
The Cult Of The Nymphs: Identity, Ritual, And Womanhood In Ancient Greece, Ivana Genov
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Examining archeological and epigraphic evidence in its historical context, in this thesis I explore the Cult of the Nymphs venerated across ancient Greek poleis. I analyze the nymph’s profound cultural and historical impact that is often overlooked in the study of ancient Greece. Nymphs were female deities thought to embody ecological sites, such as fountains and springs, and became fundamental to polis identity. Their locations were often central to city plans, and their faces, depicted on coinage, became representative of the city itself. In the community, nymphs were integral to rituals for major life events, most often in the lives …
Two London's In Williamsburg: Using Historical Imagination To Reinterpret The Meaning Of Reconciliation And Memorialization In The Archive, Ethan Miller
Undergraduate Honors Theses
his is the story of two enslaved Black males, both named London, who lived in 18th and 19th century Williamsburg, Virginia. One was a body servant, which served a similar function to a personal attendant, to the sons of Carter Braxton, when they were students at William & Mary. The second London attended the Bray school, one of the first schools for free and enslaved African Americans in the continental United States. He was enslaved by a woman …. who owned and operated a tavern in the town. Since both London’s are largely absent from the archives, there is no …
"The Unlucky Rebel": William Claiborne And The Evolution Of The Kent Island Dispute, Adam Pleasants
"The Unlucky Rebel": William Claiborne And The Evolution Of The Kent Island Dispute, Adam Pleasants
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis attempts to present a more complete view of the often-overlooked conflict over Kent Island between the merchant and early Virginian politician William Claiborne and the Lords Baltimore by presenting it in the evolving cultural context of the Atlantic world.
To Have Sex Or Not To Have Sex: An Exploration Of Medieval Christian And Jewish Sexual Values, Rachel Zaslavsky
To Have Sex Or Not To Have Sex: An Exploration Of Medieval Christian And Jewish Sexual Values, Rachel Zaslavsky
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis is an exploration of Medieval Jewish and Christian conceptions of sex and aims to challenge the notion of Judeo-Christian values. Medieval Judaism and Christianity are at odds with each other in their understandings of sexuality. By considering Judaism, the belief that medieval religion was averse to sexuality and sexual pleasure is disproven. An analysis of religious works, such as those produced by Christian theologians and Jewish rabbis, yields the following conclusion: medieval Christianity restricted sex on the basis of abstinence, while medieval Judaism restricted sex on the basis of ritual impurity but mandated sex for procreation and female …
Man, Myth And Medicine: The Exchange Of Healing Deities In The Bronze Age Mediterranean, Ryan Vincent
Man, Myth And Medicine: The Exchange Of Healing Deities In The Bronze Age Mediterranean, Ryan Vincent
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This paper is an in depth analysis of the Bronze Age interactions between Egypt and Greece and the legacy of physicians and physician gods in the region through an exploration of religion, medicine and linguistic exchange. The Egyptian physician Imhotep bears a striking resemblance to the Greek god Asklepios. It seems this similarity may be a result of Asklepios and his predecessor Paieon actually being based on the story of Imhotep, brought to the Mycenaeans during the Bronze Age.
“Pass The Pickles”: Viewing Class And Dining In Virginia City, Nevada Through The Pickle Castor, Sage Boucher
“Pass The Pickles”: Viewing Class And Dining In Virginia City, Nevada Through The Pickle Castor, Sage Boucher
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This thesis employs a material culture methodology, which understands people through the objects that they interacted and applies it to the study of the pickle castor; this 19th-century American dining object represents an intersectionality between the unique social and economic space of Virginia City, Nevada in its silver rush Bonanza (1859-1882) and 19th century dining processes. The study will first walk through the history of the pickle castor itself, showing the food culture it is connected to, and the production processes. It will then pivot to setting this historical stage of Virginia City, Nevada in the silver rush, showing it …
The James Blair Historical Review Volume 12, Issue 1
The James Blair Historical Review Volume 12, Issue 1
James Blair Historical Review
No abstract provided.
The Mark I And The Canvas Of War: Gender Roles And Military Vehicles, Coran Goss
The Mark I And The Canvas Of War: Gender Roles And Military Vehicles, Coran Goss
Undergraduate Research Awards
Excerpt from paper: "When my professor introduced us to our COLL-100 final project about telling stories with certain objects, I knew that I wanted to research something related to the military. Weapons, vehicles, uniforms, and other military equipment can give insight into how industrially advanced a country is, not only militarily, but also economically and culturally. In the following project, I describe the process that I went through when conducting my research on a tank I found in a British museum, as well as exploring the narrative pushed by the museum exhibit the tank is located in. I will demonstrate …
“Lepers For Show:” The Performance Of Medical Authority And The Illusion Of The Chinese Medical Threat In Nineteenth-Century America, Claire Wyszynski
“Lepers For Show:” The Performance Of Medical Authority And The Illusion Of The Chinese Medical Threat In Nineteenth-Century America, Claire Wyszynski
Undergraduate Research Awards
Excerpt from the paper: "The energy of the crowd was infectious. On a fateful day in August 1884, over 200 men flocked to the City Hall of Washington, DC. They gathered to hear the remarks of Dr. Charles C. O’Donnell, the candidate for coroner of San Francisco, who had traveled across the country from California to deliver a speech to their city. It was unusual for a local politician of the West to journey so far for a speaking engagement, but this peculiarity only seemed to warm the crowd to him more. Under the shadow of the Capitol, the anticipation …
The Jew Who Fed An Army: Jacob Benjamin And The French Revolution, Ronald Schechter
The Jew Who Fed An Army: Jacob Benjamin And The French Revolution, Ronald Schechter
Arts & Sciences Articles
This article tells the story of a Jewish army supplier in the French Revolution. Jacob Benjamin literally fed an army: the Army of the South (l’Armée du Midi), a vast force that spread from the Pyrenees to the Alps. He provided meat for every one of the army’s 30,000 soldiers for the second half of 1792. He sold goods to three of France’s four other armies (of the North, the Centre, and the Rhine). His shoes were probably on the feet of the soldiers who won the battle of Valmy, a battle that prevented France’s enemies from suppressing the Revolution. …
Women In The Records Of The Virginia Company Of London, Martha Louise Reiner
Women In The Records Of The Virginia Company Of London, Martha Louise Reiner
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
My thesis presents women from the Records of the Virginia Company of London, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1906, Library of Congress online. During the 1619-1624 years of the records’ Court Book, Lady Lawarr, widow of Virginia’s first governor named by the Company, was important in distributing Virginia Company shares. Lady Lawarr worked, usually with an agent, to transfer shares from Lawarr’s estate to diverse people. Women had surprising agency in dealing with the Company, but there were some limits. There were delays in implementing grants for compensations. Some women worked with agents to get property owed to them. Petitions filed …
"Glory To The English And Protestant Name": Protestant Hegemony In Seventeenth And Eighteenth-Century Rhode Island, Mark Mulligan
"Glory To The English And Protestant Name": Protestant Hegemony In Seventeenth And Eighteenth-Century Rhode Island, Mark Mulligan
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
This dissertation argues that Protestant hegemony prevailed in colonial Rhode Island in the absence of an established church, which demonstrates that church establishment was not the primary fuel of Protestant hegemony in the early modern English Atlantic world. Analyzing a combination of well-known and lesser-known books, letters, diaries, newspapers, and laws, my findings indicate that Rhode Island championed a broad Protestant synthesis that transcended individual denominations. While historians have identified this Protestant synthesis in the era of the early republic in the United States, my research shows that these forces of synthesis and hegemony without establishment existed at least two …
"I Wish I Was In Dixie / Away, Away": American Emigration, Cultural Negotiations, And The Confederados / "Play Free Bird!": Southern Anthems As "New Dixies" And The Perpetuation Of The Lost Cause, Shannon Baker
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
“I Wish I Was in Dixie / Away, Away”: American Emigration, Cultural Negotiations, and the ConfederadosThis paper focuses on the Confederados, Southern white Americans who emigrated to new countries, primarily to Brazil. This paper analyzes the reasons for this mass organized outmigration, with attention paid to both push and pull factors for the migrants. This paper also looks at the Civil War memorial activities perpetuated by the Confederados and their descendants, examining the negotiations between Southern U.S. and Brazilian culture. In addition, this paper argues that Confederado studies can be strengthened by further research from the framework of the United …