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Caribbean Literature (Francophone), Kasongo Mulenda Kapanga
Caribbean Literature (Francophone), Kasongo Mulenda Kapanga
Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Faculty Publications
Caribbean Literature (Francophone), or Antillean literature, is the literature in French from Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Haiti. Except in the case of Haiti, this literature developed along three major concepts: negritude, Caribbeanness, and Creoleness. Critics trace its origins to the rise of the negritude movement (in the 1930s), when black students, intellectuals, and artists revolted against France's assimilation policies to adopt an ideology aimed at restoring black and African values embedded in popular culture. The literary landmark was undoubtedly Aimé Césaire's Notebook of a Return to My Native Land (Cahier d'un retour au pays natal, 1939).
African Literature (Francophone), Kasongo Mulenda Kapanga
African Literature (Francophone), Kasongo Mulenda Kapanga
Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Faculty Publications
The term "Francophone African literature" is widely used to designate sub-Saharan African literature written in French by authors living in Africa or abroad. It derives from Francophonie, the nineteenth-century neologism coined by the French geographer Onesine Redus (1837-1916). In the African context, the concept gained relevance in the 1960s under the aegis of Leopold Senghor and Habib Bourguiba, two African presidents who advocated the creation of an organization linking all the nations sharing the French language and culture.