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Why On Earth Does “Tongue(S)” Become Ecstatic Speech?, Ekaputra Tupamahu

Faculty Publications - Portland Seminary

This chapter deals with the history of interpretation. Why is the phenomenon of “tongue(s)” in the New Testament understood today as ecstatic speech? In the history of interpretation, there are two major modes of reading the phenomenon of speaking in tongue(s) in the New Testament: the “missionary-expansionist” and the “romantic-nationalist” modes of reading. The earliest readers of the New Testament up until those of the mid-nineteenth century commonly understood the phenomenon of tongue(s) as a miraculous ability to speak in foreign languages—often called xenolalia—for the purpose of expanding Christianity and preaching the gospel. The shift in understanding began to …

The Alaskan Diary Of A Pioneer Quaker Missionary, Martha Hadley

Historical Quaker Books

210 pages, multiple photographs, recording 1899-1903.

From the introduction:

"A word about her background will make the diary more meaningful. She was born in 1852 and was nearly 4 7 years old when she went to Alaska to undertake this service in 1899. Records show that she was certified to teach in Ohio and in Iowa where the family moved in the early 1880's. Her brother, Joseph Hadley, was state superintendent of schools in Iowa. About 1890 she attended a missionary training school in Chicago, Illinois. When she decided to be a missionary she took special training in medicine and …