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Articles 451 - 480 of 518
Full-Text Articles in Environmental Design
Lighting Design Approaches Forthe Heritage Conservation Of Thai Stupas, Phanchalath Suriyothin
Lighting Design Approaches Forthe Heritage Conservation Of Thai Stupas, Phanchalath Suriyothin
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Decorative lighting design is one factor enhancing night scenery. The Buddhist stupa is an outstanding cultural heritage example due to its physical form. It is also one of the important elements of the urban landscape in Thailand. This study is aimed at classifying architectural components of stupas through their visual characteristics. It also will analyze the sites and surroundings in Bangkok to fi nd an approach to lighting design that emphasizes stupas' shapes via light, shade, shadow and gradation of light. This paper argues that modern lighting contributes to the conservation of Buddhist heritage in Thailand by emphasizing the central …
Zamindar Houses Of The Colonial Period:General Delineation Of House Form, Spatial Organization And Design Considerations, A Case Study In Dhaka City, Abontika Sara Israt
Zamindar Houses Of The Colonial Period:General Delineation Of House Form, Spatial Organization And Design Considerations, A Case Study In Dhaka City, Abontika Sara Israt
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The development of architecture has occurred with rapid changes from every socio-economical per-spective in Bangladesh. In these versatile spectrums of colonial architecture, Zamindar houseswere the striking subject in both of local and European concepts. The concept of Zamindar had evoked a new dimension by the 'Permanent Settlement Act-1793', which for the fi rst time confi rmed the ownership of land by Zamindars in Colonial Period. This paper present the discussion of the architecture adopted in Zamindar houses of Dhaka city in a particular framework of time, context and form which will help to study the development of Zamindar house and …
The Conservation Of Traditional Waterfront Markets In Thailand, Siriwan Silapacharanan
The Conservation Of Traditional Waterfront Markets In Thailand, Siriwan Silapacharanan
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Once the economic center of the water-based community, the traditional waterfront markets of the fl ood plains were surrounded by paddy fi elds and mixed orchards. The major mode of transportation waswater. The markets were trading centers for products from fresh-water and brackish areas, those from the sea as well as commodities from big cities such as Bangkok. With the development of inland transportation modes during the mid 20th century, the importance of these markets decreased, resulting in the relocation and the deterioration of the buildings. From 2002 the idea of transforming traditional waterfront markets into tourist attractions led to …
Local Initiatives In The Face Of Coastal Change: The Conservation Of Cultural Monuments On The Upper Gulf Of Thailand, Navanath Osiri
Local Initiatives In The Face Of Coastal Change: The Conservation Of Cultural Monuments On The Upper Gulf Of Thailand, Navanath Osiri
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Impacts of climate change and human interventions on coastal landscape have prompted local communities to preserve their cultural heritage as an emblem of local identity. This paper investigatesan adaptive response of local people to the conservation of cultural monuments affected by coastal inundation and shoreline retreat of the upper Gulf of Thailand. Though conservation measures demonstrate formal and structural alterations of monuments and sites, the cultural and social attachments between communities and monuments are still maintained.
Historic Preservation And Disaster Risk Preparedness: Critical Approaches In Managing Cultural Heritage In Indonesia, Widjaja Martokusumo, Lily Tambunan
Historic Preservation And Disaster Risk Preparedness: Critical Approaches In Managing Cultural Heritage In Indonesia, Widjaja Martokusumo, Lily Tambunan
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Cultural heritage is increasingly threatened with destruction both by the natural causes and human-caused disaster. The key to effective protection of a cultural heritage at risk is advance planning andpreparation. Furthermore, these threats indicate the need of risk preparedness for cultural heritage management. This article deals with questions on relevant heritage considerations within a property's overall disaster prevention strategy and suggests an integrated conservation approach. As unveiled by the investigation of Institut Teknologi Bandung's campus facilities, this article will argue that besides the formal qualities the importance of disaster risk preparedness should be considered in managing highly valued cultural heritage.
Rethinking Intramuros: Threats, Values, And Possibilities In Modern Philippines, Ellen Hsieh
Rethinking Intramuros: Threats, Values, And Possibilities In Modern Philippines, Ellen Hsieh
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Intramuros, a walled historic Spanish urban landscape in the Philippines, is located at the heart of Metro Manila. Like most of the developing countries in Asia, Intramuros has facedserious confl icts between urban development and cultural preservation. This paper illustrates the full range of threats to Intramuros, including both natural and human factors, and reexamines the value of Intramuros in the Filipino context. According to these discussions, several recommendations will be given. Furthermore, the basic restoration policy of Intramuros will be questioned. The author calls for applying a wider interpretation to the cultural heritage management of the site.
Reclaiming The Lost Architectural Heritage Sompur Mahavihara:Through Conjectural Restoration, Tanzila Samad Choudhury
Reclaiming The Lost Architectural Heritage Sompur Mahavihara:Through Conjectural Restoration, Tanzila Samad Choudhury
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Sompur Mahavihara, presently known as Paharpur vihara is the second largest Buddhist vihara on the subcontinent and one of the most important archaeological sites in Bangladesh. This Buddhistmonastery, situated in Naogaon district was established when Buddhism attained its peak in Bengal under Dharmapala, second king of Pala dynasty in 8th century. But the mystery of its morphology is unknown. Little study has been done to reveal its actual form. As this monastery is important in the archaeological history of Bengal, an investigation is required to know what the central shrine and the monastery looked like and for morphological evaluation from …
Suan Nai Bangkok And Suan Nok Bangchang: The Emergence And Transformation Of Floating Markets In The Chao Phraya River Delta Of Thailand, Luxana Summaniti, Wannasilpa Peerapun, Khaisri Paksukcharern
Suan Nai Bangkok And Suan Nok Bangchang: The Emergence And Transformation Of Floating Markets In The Chao Phraya River Delta Of Thailand, Luxana Summaniti, Wannasilpa Peerapun, Khaisri Paksukcharern
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This article aims to analyze the emergence and transformation of orchard-based fl oating markets in Suan Nai Bangkok in Thonburi district, Bangkok and Suan Nok Bangchang, Samut Songkhramprovinces on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River Delta, Thailand. Riverside settlements originated as ridge and groove orchard farming and developed into a complex water network of fl oating markets as the trading centers of the regional community. However, the development of roads as the main routes for transportation has altered the larger regional system from water to land-based distribution and communication. From an analysis using geo-informatics and the Space Syntax …
The Ghostless Garden City: Evaluating The Clean And Green Movement In Singapore, Jun Yi Ong
The Ghostless Garden City: Evaluating The Clean And Green Movement In Singapore, Jun Yi Ong
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The Garden City image of Singapore is visually projected through roadside tree-planting, parks and nature reserves. This image has been promoted by the Clean and Green Movement, which broadlyrefers to government policies that enforce regulations in relation to cleaning and greening. So far, literature concerning the Movement has focused on promoting the Garden City. On the contrary, this paper argues that the lack of the original sense of place through constructed greenery has lead to the Ghostless Garden City, which can also be seen as being authentic to Singapore.
The Future Needs The Past:Problems And Challenges Of Post-Cataclysm Heritage Management In Kotagede, Jogjakarta Special Province, Indonesia, Widjaja Martokusumo
The Future Needs The Past:Problems And Challenges Of Post-Cataclysm Heritage Management In Kotagede, Jogjakarta Special Province, Indonesia, Widjaja Martokusumo
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
In addition to traditional causes of decay, cultural heritage is increasingly threatened by natural disasters. Earthquakes interrupt the historical continuity of place making and create an opportunityto both reconstruct historical fabrics and to create new meanings and functions. As demonstrated in Kotagede, Jogjakarta Special Province, Indonesia, sustainable conservation should evolve with new contemporary needs and not be about making static museum places. Two case studies of post-calamity reconstruction illustrate the utilization of existing urban fabric, in which through redefi nition and reprogramming do not reveal solutions, but demonstrate the challenges in response to the urban dynamics after the 2006 earthquake.
The Signifi Cance Of Implicit Socio-Cultural Values In Self-Built Housing Transformation, Tareef Hayat Khan
The Signifi Cance Of Implicit Socio-Cultural Values In Self-Built Housing Transformation, Tareef Hayat Khan
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Households' spatial needs change along with inhabitation. At certain points in time, these needs may reach a critical point when households decide to make changes in the usage of space. Moving or transforming are the two basic options. Studies show that irrespective of location or context, scale or affl uence, users prefer transforming instead of moving. Moreover, transformation can occur more than once during inhabitation. Besides being identifi ed as economicaly a more sustainable option, there are several explicit reasons behind the preference for transformation. But this study goes deeper and investigates the impact of implicit values behind those explicit …
Anthropological View Of Architecture: An Alternative Approach To Study Human Environments, Supakit Yimsrual
Anthropological View Of Architecture: An Alternative Approach To Study Human Environments, Supakit Yimsrual
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Architectural descriptions mostly focus on the material aspects of a building with relatively little said about the social life of the people who inhabit architecture. In recent decades, many architects andanthropologists have begun to connect architectural works with the development of social and cultural anthropology. The term "architectural anthropology" has been suggested to describe the interrelation between humans and their built environment. Based on historical documents, this paper outlines the development of architectural anthropology and aims to illustrate how this approach can help us to understand the relation between people, their ideas of the world and the creation of a …
Embankment Settlement In Bangladesh: A Study On The Self-Generated Pattern Of Vernacular Architecture, Masud Ur Rashid, Naimul Aziz
Embankment Settlement In Bangladesh: A Study On The Self-Generated Pattern Of Vernacular Architecture, Masud Ur Rashid, Naimul Aziz
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Due to the erosion caused by the aggressive river Jamuna in Sirajganj, Bangladesh, every year many villagers have move their homes. The poor, who cannot afford land at a safe distance fromthe aggressive river, generally move to the nearby fl ood protection embankment. Without any land ownership, the embankment settlement in some ways appears as a 'rural slum.' But the embankment settlement differs from traditional rural architecture. Scarcity of land and strong linear direction of the embankment control the total organization of the settlement. This paper is focused on the unique features of fl ood embankment settlement as a self …
Thermal Comfort In The Traditional Rural Bangladesh House, Rumana Rashid, Mohd. Hamdan Bin Ahmed, Sayem Khan
Thermal Comfort In The Traditional Rural Bangladesh House, Rumana Rashid, Mohd. Hamdan Bin Ahmed, Sayem Khan
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Bangladesh Traditional House (BTH) is considered to be a prime example of environmental design responses to regional conditions. The house forms, building styles and materials used in construction have signifi cant variations in different areas of Bangladesh, but one element in common is the design concept for the upper space. The upper space of BTH plays a vital role with diurnal variation of ambient environment to provide comfortable interiors. This paper analyses the above hypothesis in the traditional stilt house in the city of Dhaka. The analysis of actual performance of the traditional house may provide information on the effectiveness …
The Architecture Of Batak Toba: An Expression Of Living Harmoniously, Himasari Hanan, Surjamanto Wonorahardjo
The Architecture Of Batak Toba: An Expression Of Living Harmoniously, Himasari Hanan, Surjamanto Wonorahardjo
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Batak Toba people have a fi gurative imagination through which they orientate themselves to nature and the surrounding landscape. The architecture of the house is created to create a beautiful fi gure in the natural landscape as well as to act in moderating warm-humid climate. Dramatic roof forms have been developed as an expression of this culturally determined sensitivity towards natural forces and practical wisdom towards thermal comfort. Building a house deals with human needs within a structure of static and living components from the environment. Aesthetic qualities emerge genuinely out of the adaptive process within the corresponding multidimensional aspects …
Ecological Architecture With Vernacular Character: Contemporary Mud Architecture Practices In Bangladesh, Rumana Afroz, Mohammad Zakaria Ibne Razzaque
Ecological Architecture With Vernacular Character: Contemporary Mud Architecture Practices In Bangladesh, Rumana Afroz, Mohammad Zakaria Ibne Razzaque
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The vernacular construction technique of mud architecture in Bangladesh has been in practice for a long time and forms a major part of rural buildings. However, a lack of formal practice and patronagehas allowed the vernacular techniques to be neglected. Thus the indigenous architecture appears as incompatible with mainstream development and modern knowledge. Therefore, support is necessary to sustain vernacular mud architecture. This paper examines an internationally awarded case study where modern knowledge and ecological building techniques have been initiated as an inter-cultural initiative of mud architecture to improve the current situation. This paper intends to critically investigate how far …
Suburban Self-Suffi Cient Living: An Implementation Of The Philosophy Of Suffi Ciency Economy, Sirimas Hengrasmee
Suburban Self-Suffi Cient Living: An Implementation Of The Philosophy Of Suffi Ciency Economy, Sirimas Hengrasmee
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Sufficiency signals a combination of having enough and being satisfi ed. In Thailand, the idea of sufficiency has been reintroduced as the philosophy of Sufficiency Economy. Self-reliance and self-sufficiency are playing a big part of its implementation. This paper suggests a hypothetical adaptation of suburban lifestyles under such philosophy, where the immediate environment of the house is considered the main source for exploitation of food, water, and energy. It illustrates the possibility of being more self-reliant at a household level. The link between outcomes and the reduction of environmental impacts through simple Ecological Footprint estimation affirms that practice of self-sufficiency …
Study On The Fire-Protection: Characteristics Of Green Spaces In Central Sakai City, Misato Kagioka, Yuji Hara, Kazuaki Tsuchiya
Study On The Fire-Protection: Characteristics Of Green Spaces In Central Sakai City, Misato Kagioka, Yuji Hara, Kazuaki Tsuchiya
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The purpose of this study is to include among close-at-hand shelter zones urban green spaces other than parks, and to examine the safety that those spaces provide against fi res in terms of lot size,tree coverage ratio, and the fi re-protection functions of trees. For our study we chose the district in Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture. This study found that because the tree coverage ratio, which affects a shelter zone's defense against fi re, is changed by the effect of the tree canopy and not by lot size, it is necessary to use methods which ensure a good crown spread, …
City Of Water:Architecture, Urbanism And The Floods Of Phnom Penh, Shelby Elizabeth Doyle
City Of Water:Architecture, Urbanism And The Floods Of Phnom Penh, Shelby Elizabeth Doyle
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
The following is a summary of ongoing research conducted in 2011-2012, funded in part by the Fulbright Program and entitled City of Water: Architecture, Urbanism and the Floods of Phnom Penh. This work documents the relationships between water, architecture, and infrastructure in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The objective of the project is to record the architectural and urban conditions sustained by and subject to the cyclical fl oods of the city's rivers and the challenges faced by Phnom Penh as it rapidly urbanizes in a fl ood plain.
Godot In Bombay: A Tragicomedy In Two Decades, Lisa Björkman
Godot In Bombay: A Tragicomedy In Two Decades, Lisa Björkman
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
An exploration of the two-decade-long political and discursive battles over water "privatization" in the Indian city of Mumbai reveals how, beginning in the 1990s, the water department, "got stuck inbetween public and private infrastructures." This essay demonstrates how widespread speculation among policymakers, bureaucrats, and engineers on the likelihood and desirability of privatization entrenched some of the very dynamics that such solutions were supposed to cure - dynamics that ironically, would ultimately derail a privatization initiative when it fi nally arrived.
The Changing Role Of Water In The Spatial Construction Anddesign Of Southeast Asian Polities, Lily C. Wong
The Changing Role Of Water In The Spatial Construction Anddesign Of Southeast Asian Polities, Lily C. Wong
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Investigating historical maps and texts, this essay charts the changing role of water in the spatial understanding and city design of three consecutive polities in Southeast Asia: pre-colonial tributarysystem, modern nationhood during the colonial period, and contemporary globalized neoliberal government. The role of water shifts from a heuristic device that is interwoven with political and territorial imaginings to a technocratically engineered commodity that is sacrificed in pursuit of modernization. Using the current urban design of Phnom Penh, Cambodia as an example, water remains the blind spot for urban development, despite the discussion of water sustainability at the regional scale.
Readdressing Dhaka's Public Water Bodies: A Design Research, Sanne Peeters, Kelly Shannon
Readdressing Dhaka's Public Water Bodies: A Design Research, Sanne Peeters, Kelly Shannon
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
In Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, rampant expansion and commercial development are brutally transforming the urban tissue. As a consequence, Dhaka's water network, which was once integratedinto the city's fabric and is of major importance for its drainage capacity, is rapidly disappearing. This article critically investigates the layered meanings of water in the city through focusing on the case study of Hatirjheel Lake, Dhaka's largest inner-city water body. A number of interpretative maps dissect the rich history of the city and its water, while contemporary cartographies reveal a new set of issues as advancing urbanization fi lls in water bodies. …
Ngibikan Villagespirituality Design In Javanese Architecture, Johannes Adiyanto, Josef Prijotomo, Galih Widjil Pangarsa
Ngibikan Villagespirituality Design In Javanese Architecture, Johannes Adiyanto, Josef Prijotomo, Galih Widjil Pangarsa
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
In May 27, 2006, a massive earthquake hit and destroyed Ngibikan, a small village 17 kilometers south of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Yet, in a few days, the villagers rose up and reconstructed not only theirhouses but also their daily life. In this case, architectural design includes not only building as a material practice but also a humane and spiritual one. This essay employs combined methods of contextual criticism (Attoe, 1978, pp. 103-104) and hermeneutics as modeled by Paul Ricouer (2006). The results of this research also indicate the importance of understanding that the act of emergency rebuilding is not only about …
Modernity And Identity In Oraman Village Architecture Of The West Of Iran, Mohammad Jooshesh, Negar Kolahi, Mohammad Jafar Khazaee
Modernity And Identity In Oraman Village Architecture Of The West Of Iran, Mohammad Jooshesh, Negar Kolahi, Mohammad Jafar Khazaee
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
In Kurdistan, Kermanshah and West Azerbaijan provinces of Iran, there are regions with plain but amazing contexts by which one can identify the hidden identity of the regional architecturein its various components. Most villages are built on the sides of narrow valleys with over a 50 ̊ slope. They face south and southeast to receive the most daylight. In the fi rst part of this article the topographic and architectural structure of the region is introduced, and in the second part, specifi c sections of this region have been analyzed in terms of modernity in relation to the hidden identity …
From The Origin Of Drawing To Cinemetrics, Cheng-Luen Hsueh
From The Origin Of Drawing To Cinemetrics, Cheng-Luen Hsueh
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Robin Evans in his article "Translations from Drawing to Building" explores the gap and transitive properties between architectural drawing and building (1997, p186 - 187). He concludes with somequestions arising from the allegorical painting by Giacinto Brandi depicting a portrait of a courtesan holding a divider. In contrast to the architect/geometer in William Blake's painting "Ancient of Days" which from the architect's point of view relates more to conventional measurement, precision, perfection, and also projection, the Giacinto painting may tell a story of architecture's mediation and negotiation in-between drawing and building under the prejudice or shelter of these big conventions …
Architectural Representation Of Islamic Modernism In Indonesia Case Study: Architecture Of Achmad Noeman, Agus S. Ekomadyo
Architectural Representation Of Islamic Modernism In Indonesia Case Study: Architecture Of Achmad Noeman, Agus S. Ekomadyo
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Islamic modernism appeared as a reformation movement based on two main ideas: purifying norms by rejecting deviation from religious practices, and adopting new ways of thinking to adapt to the modernworld. In Indonesia the movement had an important role in the development of modern Islamic organizations and Islamic intellectuals. This movement had a special representative in the architecture of Achmad Noeman. Noeman is a modernist Muslim, and also a modernist architect; his architecture refl ected modernism in Islam and in architecture. His designs infl uenced later Indonesian architects to interpret Islam rationally, critically, and creatively in endorsing Islamic building design. …
Emergence Of Open-Spaces For Dense Dhaka: Searching For Solutions From Traditional Settings, Ayasha Siddiqua
Emergence Of Open-Spaces For Dense Dhaka: Searching For Solutions From Traditional Settings, Ayasha Siddiqua
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
In the traditional settlement patterns of Bengal, outdoor space has been hierarchically arranged and the people of this area have habitually socialized in these spaces. This localized practice led to theformation of a hierarchy of traditional outdoor places from small-scale indoor courts to large outdoor spaces for public gathering. In Bangladesh, a tropical country, open space carries an important functional and environmental purpose especially within the residential setting - both in rural and urban areas. But unfortunately, with the recent acceleration of development pressure in the urban areas and Euro-centric urban practice, the traditional sense of open space has been …
Public/Private Open Space? Analysis Of Multiple Intensive Land Use In Hong Kong, Mohammad Zakaria Ibne Razzaque
Public/Private Open Space? Analysis Of Multiple Intensive Land Use In Hong Kong, Mohammad Zakaria Ibne Razzaque
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Hong Kong comprises a unique situation in the world where extreme high density, overcrowding, scarcity of buildable land, land-use intensifi cation and economic viability are the major driving forces,as well as constraints, for urban development. Most people want to live adjacent to the Central Business District area and accept super high-rise living. The most appropriate regulatory ground and emerging solution for this extreme situation is the Multiple Intensive Land Use (MILU) law. MILU requires open spaces within dense development for both the residential inhabitants and all the citizens of Hong Kong. These legislated urban open spaces are constructed by private …
A Tudor House In Bangkok: Hsh Prince Vodhyakara Varavarn's House At 42 Soi Tonson, Chomchon Fusinpaiboon
A Tudor House In Bangkok: Hsh Prince Vodhyakara Varavarn's House At 42 Soi Tonson, Chomchon Fusinpaiboon
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
This paper examines the design and construction process of the house at 42 Soi Tonson, Bangkok, designed and owned by His Serene Highness Prince Vodhyakara Varavarn - a Cambridge graduate and pioneeringThai architect - in 1929. By examining the house, the factors that infl uenced the design and the construction process are taken into account including contemporary circumstances of pre-World War II Siam culturally and economically, as well as the life and educational background of the architect. The paper reveals that the design and construction process not only involved the selection and appropriation of the Western ideas and knowledge but …
Greenery In Urban Environments: A Study Of Mysore City In India, Krishne Gowda, M. V. Sridhara, B. Mahendra
Greenery In Urban Environments: A Study Of Mysore City In India, Krishne Gowda, M. V. Sridhara, B. Mahendra
NAKHARA (Journal of Environmental Design and Planning)
Preservation of nature is an integral part of urban planning. Well maintained greenery contributes immensely to social, economic, educational and ecological value, provides space for recreationand personal revitalization, attracts and retains investment for development, reduces noise and sultriness in summer, and enhances property value. Mysore is popularly known as a 'city of palaces and gardens'. The buildings in the city are architecturally beautiful and are endowed with well-maintained parks, open spaces, boulevards, and fountains. However, urban expansion is expected to continue unabated. One of the adverse effects of rapid and relative unplanned growth is heavy encroachment leading to the problem …