Architecture Commons^™

Escaping Destructive Communities Towards An Underground Utopian Space, Rana Dghaily

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

Going to the underground has always been the escape for people in harsh cases like wars and natural disasters. While the city centers are surrendered to the seizing through global capital, more density is forced on the territories of the city in the form of urban sprawl, leading to the uncontrolled, unplanned and unrestricted urban spreading, and then forcing to look for an escape for this continuous growth. Subterranean architecture would be the escaping solution that architects will depend on in the future. Subterranean architecture refers to the underground structure that is built in unique sites and where traditional buildings …

Detecting A New Approach To Revive Dystopian Paranoid Sites, Shadi Osta, Marwan Halabi, Maged Youssef

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

Until the nineteenth century, space delineation was tied only to the architectural norm, and even now, space is considered as a fundamental area that provide a safe and shelter for its user. Architecture historically has evolved significantly, altering the way people perceive space. Anciently, world civilization used to pay great attention in portraying semiotic of spatial experience in their architectural practices. Back when reflecting moods in architecture was part of utilization of the function. Moreover, Civilization has revolutionized the means of spatial delineation due to new trends in technological evolution. Therefore, to comprehend this association, the studies can distinguish how …

Exploring Utopian Concepts In The Contemporary Water Architecture, Aya Chehab, Hiba Mohsen

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

Water has since the beginning of civilizations been known to be the vital component of mankind’s existence. The inseparable relation between architecture and water is well-established from the beginning of ages where humans first settlements arose; that inevitably led to the creation of long-lasting shelters. Despite their strong bond, the architectural relationship with water has been through an unfortunate downfall throughout the years. Some contemporary architects admire to achieve an innovative approach in their projects, but are still lacking the risk of incorporating water as a key component for it; where it can act as a symbol of grandeur, creating …

Architecture Of Utopian Social Battery In The Neoliberal Cities, Al Hadi Taha, Marwan Halabi, Hiba Mohsen, Bahaa El Dine Abou El Khoudoud

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

During the span of the recorded history, there has been always a continual eagerness to reach what is seen as a perfect place, this perfection has been later called utopia or the ‘non-existent place’ in Greek. Eventually, the perception of utopia differs between people, groups, eras, and many other factors, it’s a simultaneous desire of improving the current conditions. One of these perceived utopias was Neo-liberalism, which is an economic philosophy with ideas linked with free-market, economic liberalism, and capitalism. Indeed, this utopia has turned into a dystopia in which this philosophy became a prevalent mode of producing cities that …

Impact Of Urban City Sprawl On The Identity Of Suburbs And Rural Areas, Fadi Nasreddine

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

Urban sprawl is the rapid expansion of the city towards the suburbs and the countryside, and it happens for various reasons. The first one is of residential nature, and is a result of growing population density while others are of political, economic, and social nature. There is no doubt that the city's encroachment towards the countryside and the emergence of new patterns of construction such as buildings and transportation networks have more drawbacks than advantages, in developing countries, especially in the absence of planning. This phenomenon causes the rise of real estate prices that leads to a change in the …

The Eight Grids: A New Method To Enhance Students’ Sketching Skills In The Schools Of Architecture, Mohamad Tohme

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

Sketching is one of the required courses for architecture and design students in higher education since it is considered a necessary skill for architects and designers. However, the lack of visualization skills and practice, students were met with difficulties in grasping the complex concepts of this course, concurrent with the teachers’ lack of familiarity with the various methods. The aim of this paper is to find a new method that allows students to carry out their sketches by examining the problems faced by first-year undergraduate students at the Faculty of Architecture, Design & Built Environment in BAU, Lebanon. To achieve …

Exploring A New Design Approach To Revive The Damaged Heritage Buildings In Post-Disaster Cities, Shafic M. Darwish

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

Heritage is the inherited past; it is what evokes a nostalgic sense of tradition or history. In built environment, it’s meant to note the structures, buildings or urban areas that are of historic, aesthetic, architectural or cultural significance. Heritage buildings may be considered as the most permanent method by which cultures of civilizations are remembered. Disasters, whether natural or manmade, are usually accompanied with physical destruction, property damage, deaths, injuries and leaving so many homeless. The result is a downfall on social and economic levels. Typically, this leaves the community vulnerable, making it urgent to rebuild and heal the damaged …

Landfill Pollution Assessment In Residential Urban Spaces In Lebanon, Yasmine Amkieh

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

Landfill site is a significant and risky part at the same time in the city. In planning an urban city, the pollution caused by landfill damages the surrounded areas, especially the residential zones, if it does not follow the sanitary landfill rules. The pollution from landfills threat the environment and, consequently, human health and wellbeing, so it is essential to maintain a safe and healthy environment in selecting the landfill site. From this point of view, the research aims to create a method to evaluate the affected residential zones by the nearest landfills to protect people from pollution's negative impacts. …

Exploring A New Housing Design Paradigm For Post Pandemic Multi-Story Buildings In Lebanon, Rachid M. Hajjar

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

When the fast-spreading COVID-19 was announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), people around the world rushed to go home. This worldwide widespread altogether affected our individual and proficient lives and features a coordinate bearing upon the exceptionally establishments of design hypothesis. As a result, the pandemic has contributed to concerns about how architects and designers should view and install antivirus-related ideas or redesign current spaces, as well as at what point our physical and built environment could be impacted by the pandemic. In forecasting the post-pandemic style and visualizing the appropriate antivirus scheme, the answers to …

Scientific And Theoretical Foundations For The Development Of Regional Infrastructure, Nilufar Sapaeva

Central Asian Problems of Modern Science and Education

The article summarizes the research of domestic and foreign scientists related to regional infrastructure. Also, from a scientific and theoretical point of view, its significance in the development of the regional economy is revealed. The aspects of its classification and its tasks are highlighted. Scientific proposals aimed at the development of regional infrastructure have been developed based on its specific aspects.

Approaches And Research Progresses Of Marginal Land Productivity Expansion And Ecological Benefit Improvement In China, Xiaofeng Cao, Bo Sun, Huabang Chen, Jianmin Zhou, Xianwei Song, Xiaojing Liu, Xiangdong Deng, Xiujun Li, Yuguo Zhao, Jiabao Zhang, Jiayang Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Marginal land refers to the land with low agricultural productivity and economic benefit and fragile ecology due to the prominent limitation of soil barrier, strong restriction of water and heat resources as well as harsh topographic conditions. In China, the existing marginal land is about 1.17 billion mu (15 mu is equal to 1 ha), which is the most important resource of strategic emergency to deal with the cultivated land gap of 700 million mu. Marginal land storage is a major strategy for national food security. It has become a new international research trend to increase the productivity and ecological …

Federal Architecture And First Amendment Limits, Jessica Rizzo

Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts

In December of 2020, President Trump issued an executive order on “Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture,” a draft of which was leaked to the press in February under the title, “Making Federal Buildings Beautiful Again.” The order provided for updating the Guiding Principles of the General Services Administration’s Design Excellence Program to promote the use of “classical and traditional architectural styles,” which “have proven their ability to inspire…respect for our system of self-government.” According to the order, there would have been a presumption against the use of such modern architectural styles as Brutalism and Deconstructivism in the construction of new …

A Dynamic Programming Approach To Determine Optimum Modularity Level In Industrial Packaging, Marshal Louie, Kumar B

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Modular packaging facilitate customization for accommodating variable product sizes in a product family. When determining package sizes for product variability, packaging engineers does not find difficulty to determine package dimension for less product variety whereas if the product variety is more, then determining the dimension of modular package involves complex decision-making and time-consuming process to find the optimal solution. This in turn directly impacts the overall lead time of the supply chain. Thus, in this paper a dynamic programming is developed to determine the quantity and dimension of modular packages for every demand of assorted products sizes. The program helps …

Factors Influencing Fixed-Route Transit Decision-Making: Exploring Differences By Disability And Community Type, Jordana L. Maisel, Molly E. Ranahan, Jimin Choi

Journal of Public Transportation

Transit agencies utilize the following complementary initiatives to encourage greater fixed-route transit usage by people with disabilities: (1) implement more rigorous paratransit eligibility determination practices and (2) address the factors that deter people with disabilities from using fixed-route transit. This research focuses on the latter and uses previously conducted survey data to determine the most important factors individuals with disabilities consider when deciding to use various transportation options, and how these factors vary by disability and community type. Findings indicate that individuals with mobility impairments consistently rated the built environment factors as more important to their transit mode decision-making than …

An Appraisal Of The Arab City Experience In Running Urban Observatories, Tahar Ledraa, Abdullah Althabt, Majed Hallawani

Emirates Journal for Engineering Research

The paper sets out to evaluate the Arab city experience in running urban observatories (UOs). As Arab states face the challenges of staggering rates of urbanization (i,e; Kuwait 100%, and Qatar 99.2%), their cities require the provision of more services and more efficient urban management. As the world is witnessing some drastic changes such as the shift from government to governance and the rise of the civil society, the Arab city cannot be immune to such transformations. Some have lately adopted urban observatories (UOs) as a tool to cope with these changes. The government observatory type has been embraced as …

Bs News March/April

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

How New, Innovative Technology Can Be Implemented To Combat The Construction Industry Labor Shortage, Noah David Jackson

The Professional Constructor

This essay addresses the construction industry’s need to compensate for the current and projected labor shortage through innovative technologies. In the first portion of this essay, three technologies that are most feasible for implementation – the Internet of Things (IoT), Drones, and Prefabrication – are detailed. The challenges faced are then discussed before the second major portion in which steps for implementation are outlined. These steps include forming partnerships, learning the process, communicating, training, implementing, and adapting and improving. The essay concludes with a discussion of how the AGC organization, and members within, can aid the industry in meeting this …

The Adaptative Construction Industry, Rhett Cox

The Professional Constructor

The construction industry is an industry that always unites to find ways to solve problems. It is very complex and requires considerable organization, hard work, specific skills, and a whole lot of determination. In this paper, I will discuss three ways that the industry is making strides to make construction better and more efficient: (a) increased use of modular construction and prefabrication, (b) use of drones, and (c) Building Information Modeling (BIM) use. With the construction process becoming more and more complex, improving efficiency and safety has gained more attraction, especially when coping with fundamental issues such as labor shortage, …

How New, Innovative Technology And Project Execution Tools And Techniques Can Be Used To Improve The Construction Process (Including Safety And Efficiency), James L. Craig

The Professional Constructor

Humanity has often sought to utilize tools and technology to make working faster, more efficient, more comfortable, and more accurate. While humans may have started with stone tools, we have since developed complex and sophisticated mechanical and digital technologies. The construction industry has been utilizing construction technology and equipment for these same reasons for generations. While other industries have embraced the use of smart, autonomous technology and robotics, the construction industry has steadily fallen behind in this effort. In this paper, I will discuss current work using these tools and possible applications for future development.

The Impact Of Climate Change On Building Energy Demands And Mitigation Measures In Florida, Aiyin (Erin) Jiang

The Professional Constructor

Tropical and subtropical parts of the world are projected to be the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change on building energy consumption demand. Few studies, however, focus on all four greenhouse emission scenarios defined by International Panel of Climate Change, which would be useful in assessing the energy demand challenges areas such as Florida. This study applies the most recognized climate change model downscaling approach, the morphing method, to investigate the impact of climate change on the commonly used commercial buildings in Florida’s climate zones under all four emission scenarios. It also analyzes the efficacy of various mitigation …

Frequency And Magnitude Of Cost Growth In Public Works Contracts, George Fulton, Panagiotis Mitropoulos

The Professional Constructor

Cost overruns are a persistent issue in the construction industry. This paper investigates factors that may drive cost growth on public works contracts. The study collected data on 1,043 public works projects completed over a three year period. The analysis examined the impact of four factors on cost overruns: (1) Project type, (2) Contract size, (3) Contract duration, and (4) Construction placement (value per day). The data were analyzed using a combination of basic descriptive statistics along with statistical hypothesis testing of means for various factors affecting cost growth. Cost growth was found to vary significantly by project type, contract …

Case Study Of Real-World Emissions Rates Verus Epaemission Standards For Motor Graders, Boshra Karimi, Phil Lewis

The Professional Constructor

Using the Volkswagen emissions scandal as motivation, the purpose of this case study was to investigate whether or not heavy-duty diesel construction equipment exceeds EPA emissions standards for nonroad diesel engines. The equipment analyzed included four separate motor graders with EPA emissions standards Tier 0, Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 engines. The analysis was based on a dataset of real-world emissions rates collected from in-use equipment on actual jobsites. The results showed that mass per time emissions rates for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter decreased as the EPA emissions standards became more stringent. Furthermore, there …

Understanding Sub-Contractor Selection Factors In Thebuilding Construction Industry For The Southeastern United States, Dhaval Gajjar, Cayla Anderson

The Professional Constructor

The primary entities within building construction industry consists of the owner, the architect / engineer, and the general contractor, that ensure the success of any construction project. On a traditional project, the owner selects and contracts with the general contractor to construct a building designed by the architect. A considerable amount of research has been conducted to understand the owner’s selection factors to hire a qualified general contractor. However, the general contractor selected for the project seldom self-performs the entire construction of a building. The general contractor might self-perform some aspects of the actual building construction, but they will typically …

Beirut And Its Vicinity At The End Of The Nineteenth Century And The Beginning Of The Twentieth Century بيروت وجوارها في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر وبداية القرن العشرين, Mustafa Ozturk, Ghina Mrad

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

ABSTRACT: This research presents how to build the Vilayet of Beirut, which at the beginning of the Ottoman period was a province affiliated with the Levant, but later became an independent state in 1888, due to its important strategic location and its port, which was considered the only port of Syria. Until it attracted the attention of Western countries, which found in it an important center and location for expansion and spread in the region. So it began to expand its activities by opening many missionary schools and a number of literary, artistic and political societies that promoted Western culture …

Validation Of The Factor Structure Of The Parent-Adolescent Relationship Scale In The Indian Context, Shweta Singh, Ajai Pratap Singh

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

Parent-Adolescent Relationship (PAR) gets transformed during adolescence, and there is a significant relationship between the adolescent's adjustment and quality of this relationship. A loving and caring relationship full of acceptance with parents offers a health-oriented atmosphere for the growth of the child's abilities in multiple ways. The research findings indicated that the quality of Parent-Adolescent Relationship (PAR) associates with a broader range of positive outcomes, including emotional and mental Well-being, adjustment with the environment, and social competence. The present study was designed to adopt a Parent-Adolescent Scale, which examines the parent-adolescent relation among adolescents of India. In the present study, …

The Ottoman Constitutional Experience Under Sultan Abdel Hamid Ii (1876-1909)التجربة الدستورية العثمانية في عهد السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني 1876-1909, Hassan Hallak

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

ABSTRACT: The research discusses “the Ottoman constitutional experience under the rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II 1876-1909”. The “Mabouthan Council” or the parliament and the Senate were established under the said rule. The Ottoman Constitution was issued in 1876, to be the first constitution recorded in the Ottoman State. Thus, Sultan Abdul Hamid II was the first Ottoman sultan who modernized the Ottoman State, its organizations and mandate from traditional organizations and legislations, thus opening up to western organizations while maintaining the Islamic Sharia.

It is worth mentioning that the opposition forces of soldiers and civilians, Turkish and other nationalities, …

Psychometric Characteristics Of The Original Dass-42 & The Short Version Dass-21 Of The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Among Undergraduatesالخصائص السيكو مترية للصورة الأصلية Dass-42 والصورة المختصرة Dass-21 لمقاييس الاكتئاب والقلق والإجهاد لدى طلاب الجامعة, Bader M. Alansari

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

ABSTRACT: This study aims to examine psychometric properties of the of the original DASS-42 & the short version DASS-21 of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales among undergraduates. The original DASS-42 & the short version DASS-21 were administered to a two independent samples with a total of (1677) students from Kuwait University of (740 males and 937 females) for the validity and reliability evaluation of the original DASS-42 & the short version DASS-21, as well as exploring gender differences. The following measures were administered to participants: original DASS-42 & the short version DASS-21 , second version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), …

“Twixt Devil And Deep Sea”:William Empson As Poet-Critic, Essam Fattouh

BAU Journal - Society, Culture and Human Behavior

This paper attempts to offer a fresh examination of the relationship between Empson’s early career as a poet and his later erudite, largely influential, critical output. The theme of waste, which dominates his Collected Poems, partly accounts for his decision to abandon poetry, and invest his interest in complexity and ambiguity in a modernist/postmodernist procedure, way ahead of contemporary literary theory at the time. The theme of waste is further highlighted through readings of crucial key poems, as several critics of his time, such as Leavis and Alvarez, accurately signaled. The Empson canon is, thus, enriched, inviting the application of …

Open-Field Scale-Model Experiments Of Fire Whirls Over L-Shaped Line Fires, Yuto Iga, Kazunori Kuwana, Kozo Sekimoto, Yuji Nakamura

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

This paper presents the results of open-field scale-model experiments of fire-whirl formation over line fires. L-shaped line fires were burned in crosswinds, and the processes of fire-whirl formation were observed. The flame height was measured using an image-processing technique, while two-dimensional velocity components were measured at two different locations using ultrasonic anemometers. Two tests were selected for comparison: test A, in which intense fire whirls repeatedly formed, and test B, in which no whirls were observed. In test A, the wind flow was bent by the fire plume, creating swirling flows near the burning area, thereby forming fire whirls. On …

Effect Of Reduced Plume Entrainment On The Burning Rate Of Porous Fuel Beds, Sara Mcallister

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

Large outdoor fires often exhibit unexpected fire behavior, particularly compared with much smaller fires. Understanding the difference between large- and small-scale fires is of importance for both fire behavior predictions and safety. Large fires are often characterized by very tall plumes that can extend to the stratosphere. Particularly as the actively burning area increases, plumes in large-scale fires likely entrain relatively little and may act in a similar fashion to a chimney. To explore the possible changes in burning rate due to the chimney effect, experiments were conducted with wood cribs burned with a chimney of variable height. The burning …