Architecture Commons^™

Factors That Contributed To The Failure Of The Pruitt-Igoe Housing, Visar Shllaku

UBT International Conference

The demolition scene with explosives of the Pruitt-Igoe 1 buildings in St. Louis, Missouri, was part of the American experimental documentary film "Life out of Balance". The complete and utter destruction of a massive modern housing project seen in the video inspired me to search for the truth behind the scenes. Even though designed by Minoru Yamasaki 2 and inspired by Le Corbusier and the CIAM 3 , the Pruitt-Igoe project underwent modifications by public housing authority that eventually resulted in changes during the design and construction phase. Incomplete implementation of Yamasaki's initial design and many subsequent revisions of the …

Art Gallery In Presevo, Jetesa Qerimi, Lulzim Beqiri

UBT International Conference

The main function of art galleries is the promotion of fine arts. Different arts are considered as drawings, pictures, figurines, wires or installation art. Young artists dream of displaying their artwork in the gallery because it is a way to start building their career. Art worshipers visit art galleries and explore the artworks exhibited. If the artwork is good, it will gain recognition and there will be an opportunity for the artist to be well-known. Art galleries have two classifications: the exclusive and open audience. Exclusive art galleries are held for the private purpose of promoting and selling works of …

Anthropometric Requirements Of Children For Furniture Dimensions In Lower Secondary Schools In Kosovo (Study Case - Children Aged 8-10 Years), Rrahim Sejdiu, Blertë Sylejmani, Anduela Kasumaj, Erza Kadriu, Agron Bajraktari

UBT International Conference

The care for children is and should be the main part of a society. Successful periods were those that had the same care for children, starting from the family as the main cell of society, followed by school which has been and is the place where children learn and get educated, then also the state and all society institutions that at any case shouldn’t leave the attention for children behind so they can also see the paths of their future. Of course family and school have the main role in this education and teaching, because that’s where everything starts, where …

Predesign Phase-Model Of Consequent Developing And Managing Architectural Projects And Its Possible Application In Legal Framework, Strahinja Trpevski, Dimitar Papasterevski

UBT International Conference

The transformation and development of the conceptual idea (conceptual architectural solution) in the preliminary and main architectural project design documentation for construction is successively moving from something less defined (relatively) to something comprehensive, precise and clearly defined (materialized). In this paper is analyzed process of selected consequential and inverse research and decision-making steps which resolved architectural and other problems in the development of the process. Considering the fact that the development of architectural projects is a process of permanent consequential and inverse research on aesthetic shaping and material aspects of the architectural product, architectural construction, a key thesis of this …

Ornamental Plant Species For Urban Public Green Spaces, Nexhat Balaj

UBT International Conference

This paper aims to analyze and identify the urban vegetation and green spaces in Prishtina urban area such as; parks and green spaces, vegetation, type of trees, shrubs, urban forests and woodlands, planted public flower beds, greenway, private, public gardens and other vegetation. Urban vegetation plays an important role when it comes to cope with the challenges that are related to the urban infrastructure of 21st century. During our work we have studied vegetation in five urban green spaces in the central and northern parts of the city of Prishtina, capital Republic of Kosovo.Urban vegetation and green areas presents a …

Building The Same Houses - Social Category, Nexhat Cocaj

UBT International Conference

In the Albanian area, especially in Kosovo, in recent decades there has been construction of houses with the same appearance (projects). The phenomenon of building houses with the same appearance, in addition to the elements of cultural heritage, it also includes elements of social life. The construction of such houses is happening not only because of their appearance, but also to prove social equality, which equality affects the aspect of economic life, namely the preservation of social equality in a close family, or even more wide. The phenomenon of building the same houses is more present in rural areas, but …

Sustainable Development And Regenerative Sustainability In The Legal Urban Framework Of The Republic Of North Macedonia – Challenge Or Utopia, Strahinja Trpevski, Zaklina Angelovska

UBT International Conference

We abuse the land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see the land as a community to which we belong we may begin to use it with love and respect- is a deep thinking of Aldo Leopold. This promotes a regenerative shift in the sustainability concept, no longer only considering resources and energy, but also significant human-centric attributes and a space. This paper presents the context in which urban planners can contribute to raising the values of sustainability, attitudes and behavior in future regenerative societies, while critically analyzing 20 years of continuous profound change …

Travelers In The Ottoman Balkans. Descriptions And Comments On The Architectural And Urban Environment In The Thrace Region Between 15 Th And Early 20 Th Century, Luca Orlandi

UBT International Conference

This paper focuses on the architectural and urban environment of Thrace region during the Ottoman Empire and its perceptions witnessed by Western travelers from 15th to early 20th century. Due to their expansion in the Balkans’ region, a remarkable effort was done by the Ottoman Turks to replace the Byzantine hegemony in those lands. Thrace region, herewith introduced as a case study, present an impressive number of artifacts which were planned or reorganized by the new rulers to enhance the conquered and ‘Ottomanized’ territories. Many of those artefacts disappeared in time and thanks to the travelers who left several written …

Cultural Heritage In Kosovo - Conservation, Restoration And International Documents Governing This Field, Pajazit Hajzeri

UBT International Conference

Kosovo, as well as many other parts of the Balkan region, has found itself in the midst of the necessary development processes and the long-term importance of protecting and rehabilitating cultural heritage monuments. The social and political upheavals of the twentieth century have forced the rapid transformation of existing urban centers, and sometimes the gradual and sometimes violent destruction of historical and cultural structures. Other areas, of rural and agricultural origin, are being transformed into administrative centers of various character. The peripheral layout, the chaotic development within the city, the incoherent architectural expression and the overloaded infrastructure are the other …

The Climate Change Impacts On Cities In Antiquity In Civilisation Centres Of The Extended Mediterranean And Near East Regions (The Import Of History), Vladimíra Šilhánková

UBT International Conference

This document is in the required format. The paper explores the correlation between the climate change and the evolution of settlements. For analysis we picked out the civilisation centres of the extended Mediterranean and Near East regions. Based on the comparison of the selected settlements´ development stages with the charts showing the precipitation in the respective periods, we came up with a set of seven charts covering the period between 3000 BCE and 500 CE, that compare the global precipitation with the manifestation of urban and civilisation activities. The assumption that the global climate course had an impact on the …

9th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2020, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

Welcome to IC – UBT 2020

UBT Annual International Conference is the 9th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …

Typology Of Neighborhood Public Open Spaces: Case Study Of Pristina, Safete Veliu, Mimoza Sylejmani

UBT International Conference

Neighborhoods are an integral part of the city and their planning plays an important role in quality of life. They are composed of several elements that directly impacts on society, one of these components are public spaces.

This seminar will treat public spaces as part of neighborhood that impact on sustainability of them. Case study of this research are two neighborhoods, Ulpiana and Mati 1 in Pristina, which city has had a rapid construction after the last war. In this research is made a comparison between two neighborhoods planned in different periods, Ulpiana is one of the neighborhoods in Pristina …

International Conference Architecture And Spatial Planning, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

UBT Annual International Conference is the 9th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make them be aware of the recent …

Residential Collective Building Facilities For Reintegration Of Repatriated People In Ferizaj, Labinot Mehmeti, Lulzim Beqiri

UBT International Conference

In recent years in Kosovo, there has been a trend for many Kosovars to sell all their property and move out of Kosovo for a better future.

But many of them cannot find themselves there or the asylum seeker does not accept them as Kosovo is not part of the country at risk of crisis.

They spend some isolated time there and many seek to return to Kosovo but have no way of integrating as most have nowhere to return.

Kosovo has done little for this category of people who according to statistics make up a very large population.

The …

From Local To Global, Kujtim Elezi, Arbër Sadiki

UBT International Conference

The adjective “regional” attached to the word “architecture” implies that there is something special about the architecture of a particular locality, something that occurs nowhere else. It is obvious, therefore, that to know what is regional one must first know what is local. With the all-obliterating spread of Modernism in Macedonia, efforts which were made to highlight regional and local concerns were left without enough support to survive. In the early 1970s, few young architects from Macedonia found a medium to exercise their own kind of regionalism which allowed it to exist within the parameters of modernism. There are notable …

The Social Effects On The Architecture Form; In The Case Of Rural Dwelling Stone Structure So Called “Kulla”, Bekim Ceko, Zekë Islamaj

UBT International Conference

The changes made in family structure that reflects to the way how we live, undoubtedly changes the physical surround too, that makes dwellings vulnerable either for abandonee or for destruction in order to build a new or release the space. This occurrence mostly affects in rural zones, whereas the main focus unfortunately now days has not the required attention.

The focus of the study is mainly the rural dwelling stone structure so called “Kulla” that is settled in the west part of the Kosovo (that usually lie in the western part of Kosovo), respectively in the area of the Dukagjin …

Architectural Reflection In Ferizaj: From Eclecticism To The New Vawe Of Modernism, Kujtim Elezi, Arbër Sadiki

UBT International Conference

In the last century Ferizaj has undergone a remarkable, not to say radical, transformation, both politically and economically, as well as in cultural and urban terms, with a particular emphasis on architecture. The transformations in the architecture of the city itself are tracks followed during a research like this, to document and discuss these architectural 'transitions' that have occurred under various pressures, which have left traces of architectural expressions in the city. The purpose of the research is to capture and present through architectural evidence the two key moments of turns in Ferizaj: the first one, the transition from architectural …

Effect Of Naoh Molarities On Strength Properties Of Ground Perlite-Based Geopolymer Mortars, Serhat Çelikten, Besian Sinani

UBT International Conference

Geopolymers are the eco-friendly binders derived from activation of alumina silicates such as fly ash and metakaolin with alkaline activators. Ground perlite, a volcanic alumina silicate, has a potential to be a precursor material for geopolymer production due to its high SiO₂ content and amorphous form. This paper presents the investigation of geopolymer production with ground perlite and NaOH. For this purpose, mortar mixtures are prepared with four different NaOH solutions (3M, 6M, 9M and 12M). Mortar specimens with dimensions of 4*4*16 cm are taken from the mixtures and heat curing process is applied to the specimens after …

Memorials And Urban Identity, Rineta Jashari, Safete Veliu

UBT International Conference

The various statues and monuments that are part of the urban memorials represent a landmark for each city and create a connection with the surroundings. After 1999 in Kosovo, the phenomenon of reviving the memory of the heroes from their recent history, memorials are being erected which are settling in cities and important urban areas.

In general, memorials create and provide a connection to the community, which strengthens their social and urban memory. Moreover, each monument has its origin in creating the urban identity of urban areas and integrating them into the daily lives of citizens. While this phenomenon in …

The Influence Of Colors On The Living Spaces, Zana Prelvukaj, Fjolla Abazi, Drenusha Kryeziu

UBT International Conference

The main place that every individual would go after completing their daily activities is home to relaxation.

Particular importance in living spaces is also the use of colors, the amount of lighting the type of materials used in the interior design.

Design, lighting, color occupies an important place in the psychological impact of living in a certain space. During the creation of living spaces, it is very important that one can feel happy, healthy and cozy in their homes.

The purpose of this research is to gain results based on the research carried out on how the living spaces are …

Habsburg-Bosnia (1878-1918) Condensed - The Distinct Architectural Ensemble At Jajce, Caroline Jaeger Klein

UBT International Conference

When the Austro-Hungarian monarchy started to administrate the former Ottoman province of Bosnia on behalf of the decision of the Berlin Congress in 1878, it took over a neglected country in Southeastern Europe. Immediately, the new government established efficient structures to enhance the educational system and the public infrastructure. By means of type planning, the necessary new buildings of this first emergency-period grew in a still breathtaking speed. During the following 1890ies, the planners and responsible politicians developed a special architectural language for representative buildings of this region between orient and occident. It intended to strengthen the identity of the …

Transformation And Revitalization Approach Of Cultural Heritage In Prizren In The 20th Century, Bekim Ceko, Jusuf Xhibo

UBT International Conference

It is well known that cultural heritage is said to have never reached to now its source state. Over time they have undergone changes depending on the circumstances of the time. Changes and modifications that affect the monuments can be divided into two main groups. The first group comprises mainly privately owned buildings, especially residential buildings where the owners have made various arbitrary modifications depending on their needs. The second group includes state-owned public buildings or various religious-social communities that have served the general public.

Interventions in this group (second) were mainly carried out by the competent institutions that were …

Garden Roses:Large Blooms, Compact, Lots Of Color In The Landscape Architecture, Nexhat Balaj

UBT International Conference

Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens. A rose (Rosa canina L.) is a woody perennial flowering plant. There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars. This group of plants can be erect shrubs, climbing or trailing with stems that often have thorns. Flowers vary in size and shape and are usually large and showy, in colours ranging from white, yellows, reds, pinks and purples. Landscape Roses (Rosa x hybrida) are a modern category of rose developed mainly for mass planting. They are collectively …

Role And Importance Of Permit On Use For Building Of Category 1 On Safety And Quality Of Life, Zejnulla Rexhepi, Lulzim Beqiri

UBT International Conference

This paper treats procedure of issuing a permit on use of category I building, statistics from municipal archive data and the method of awareness raising programs for the importance of possessing permit on use for this construction category.

Paper also aims to show the current procedures of getting permit on use for the 1st category of construction (low hazardous buildings),

I addition, paper shows exact number of certificates of use in the Municipality of Pristina since 2001, until 2019, the importance of possessing the certificate of use as well as the citizen awareness method for initiating the procedure for getting …

Illegal Constructions In Socially Owned Land In Kosovo - Prizren, Venera Goxha

UBT International Conference

Identification as a problem and treatment of the illegal use of land of socially owned property in Kosovo, with the focal point in Prizren, is the fundamental body-content of this study paper. The illegal use and exploitation of socially owned land in Kosovo, respectively the construction of residential, commercial and public buildings (non social property) on the socially owned land, is the core subject elaborated in this study. These constructions are considered illegal since they are performed on socially owned land, without any permit, previous approval, and license or similar and this topic hasn’t been discussed or elaborated much in …

Seismicity And Distribution Of Maximum Intensity In Territory Of Kosovo, Period 2008- 2014, Shemsi Mustafa, Lulzim Beqiri, Besian Sinani, Flutra Smakiqi

UBT International Conference

In this scientific work are presented basic characteristics of the seismicity of Kosovo, for the period 2008 to 2014 with emphasis on the most active regions. The territory of Kosovo is characterized by a relatively high seismic activity. Compilation, study and updating of earthquake data was made in order to define intensity distribution for territory of Kosovo, which will provide a basis for determination of the main characteristics of the seismicity in territory of Kosovo. These investigations have great significance from scientific and applied aspect and provide reliable of Kosovo seismicity. Results can be used as input for further investigations …

Typology Of Settlements Based On Climate Impact, Vladimíra Šilhánková

UBT International Conference

Variable climate conditions affect the environment both globally and locally, impacting considerably on human settlements. Location in the respective climate zone is therefore an important characteristic that largely determines the development or decline of a settlement unit. The lack of an empirical typology of settlements in terms of climate geography thus appears to be a factor limiting further research of the issue. The present paper sets out to outline the existing approaches to urban typology through the prism of climatic influences and changes. The study draws on available sources, summarizing observational data and examples from a geographical-historical perspective.

Degradation Of The Green Spaces Influence In The Heart Of Cities, Michael Pondělíček

UBT International Conference

Greenery inside cities is integral part of their urban area, which affects citizens and life in cities in essential way, supports quality of the city and especially its public space. Today greenery is integral and expected part of a complex, which we call "urbanity". In our geographical latitudes, conditions for beneficial effects of greenery are good so far, and it was possible to maintain the greenery without too high costs and with huge effect for urban area. In present time with growing influence of climate change on internal municipal environment occurs also increase of influence of a greenery on stability …

“An Integrated Approach On Spatial Planning And Territorial Cohesion”, Binak Beqaj

UBT International Conference

The growth, (without) urban planning especially in developing countries such as Kosovo implies a large spatial extent of smaller and larger settlements. The consistency of their coexistence in space (territory) within the development concepts remains a key issue with regard to territorial cohesion. In this context, research questions should be raised:

1. How does the position and extent of the territory as well as the specific geographic conditions affect the spatial planning?
2. How to address the population, structure, movements, density and growth in the correct accommodation of their needs?
3. Why do communications, interconnections and the polycentric concept are the basis for …

Encouraging The Eco-Mobility In Context Of Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning - Evaluating The Ecomobility Capacities Of Bozcaada Island In Context Of Sustainable Transportation, Shqiprim Ahmeti

UBT International Conference

Experiences show that urban mobility based on fossil fuels is not the way forward and cities that have prioritised private automobile mobility in their planning have turned out to be disadvantageous for people from a health, safety, and economic perspectives. It has been proven that building automobile friendly infrastructure will not solve the traffic challenges in cities. The development of sustainable urban transport systems requires a conceptual leap and paradigm shift. In this context, Eco-Mobility is a new application practice that covers all the policies and principles of sustainable transportation and as such, it is developed for the application of …