Architecture Commons^™

Lessons Learned In Sustainable Information And Technology Transfer Considering Culture And Resources, Craig V. Baltimore

Architectural Engineering

In terms of information and technology transfer, sustainability is defined as the ability for a society (or culture) to maintain and incorporate the information and technology in a long term manner without continued outside influence. When a major disaster occurs, like the recent Haiti earthquake, the good intentioned outside relief effort is often immediate with no lasting effects. For example, to have a new building built out of precast panels engineered and manufactured in the U.S., and erected with volunteers from outside of Haiti, will immediately provide for the local community. But will have the people learned in terms of …

Knowledge Transfer And Adobe Block, Craig Baltimore

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Liquefaction Study Of Heterogeneous Sand: Centrifuge, Pradipta Chakrabortty, Radu Popescu, Ryan Phillips

Architectural Engineering

From past numerical research and small scale laboratory tests, it has been observed that more excess pore water pressure (EPWP) is generated during earthquakes in a heterogeneous sand deposit than in the corresponding homogeneous sand with relative density equal to the average relative density of the heterogeneous sand. This interesting phenomenon is investigated here in large scale experiments using geotechnical centrifuge modeling techniques. A series of liquefaction tests have been conducted at C-CORE’s geotechnical centrifuge facility: Two on variable sand and one on uniform sand deposits. A one level frame structure resting on two strip footings was also placed on …

Exceed Ii: Advanced Training For Even Better Teaching, Debra Larson, Allen Estes, Norman Dennis, Ronald Welch, Carol Considine

Architectural Engineering

In 2007, the American Society of Civil Engineering’s Committee on Faculty Development (CFD) conducted a longitudinal survey of all the past participants of the ExCEEd Teaching Workshop (ETW). The CFD received 173 responses, representing 40% of the ETW population at that time, to its survey about skills and the long term value of ETW. Important to this paper, 73% of the survey respondents said that they were interested in attending a post, advanced ETW. Motivated by these survey results, the CFD began its planning for a pilot ExCEEd II workshop during the 2008-2009 academic year. In the summer of 2009, …

Gender Representation In Architectural Engineering - Is It All In The Name?, Pamalee Brady, Allen Estes

Architectural Engineering

Under-representation of women in engineering is of concern as the decreasing supply of qualified engineers continues to plague the nation’s advancement. Understanding what factors influence choices of engineering disciplines has the potential for altering education to accommodate a more diverse student body that can be successful in engineering. University statistics reflect that the Architectural Engineering program at this school is comprised of 35% women, while the other engineering programs attract at best 20% women and at worst 5% women. The Architectural Engineering program at this university is in fact one of the most intense structural engineering programs in the country …

Interdisciplinary Design: The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly, Jill Nelson, Brent Nuttall, Allen Estes

Architectural Engineering

Today’s students are faced with far different challenges upon graduation than those encountered in past years. One of the most significant of these challenges is the need to work within the framework of integrated project delivery where all disciplines work as a cohesive team to produce a project. In 2004, the Construction Management Department at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo,CA began teaching a three credit hour design/build course focused on integrated project delivery. That course, taught primarily to construction management students, has now evolved into a true interdisciplinary experience that is taught in a team environment by …

How And What To Communicate For Efficient Joist Design, John Lawson, Bruce Brothersen

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

A Solution To Seismic Bracing Restrictions, John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Concrete Slender Wall Design – Back To The Future, John W. Lawson, James Lai

Architectural Engineering

Slender concrete walls incorporated into tilt-up construction
over the past 60 years have performed remarkably well under
out-of-plane wind and seismic loads. While issues associated
with seismic wall anchorage gave this form of construction a
black-eye in the early days, the concrete walls themselves
have always performed very well even as far back as their
first use in the early 1900s. Yet the height-to-thickness
limitations in 1985 and earlier model building codes were
proved irrational and were removed. We as engineers expect
building codes to evolve and advance the state of the art with
each successive edition. The latest edition …

Material Sustainability, Jessica Meadows, Natasha Morris

Architectural Engineering

This paper addresses the sustainability of the materials used to construct buildings today. Timber, concrete and steel are analyzed for carbon output, cost, and recyclable-ability.

The Structure Of A Story, Pamalee Brady, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

The stories of engineering heroes can serve as an exciting means of engaging young students in engineering concepts that are linked to their math and science curriculum. This research explores the development of a storytelling framework including the story of an engineer, a hands-on activity for exploring a related engineering idea, reinforcement of standard math and science curriculum and assessment of the effectiveness of the storytelling medium to teach and inspire young students. Storytelling principles are used to develop these narratives into compelling and engaging stories through the perspective of an individual character. Archival and other scholarly materials on fascinating …

Going Green With Concrete Masonry Grout, James Mwangi, Craig Baltimore

Architectural Engineering

Concrete, which is a product containing Portland cement, is the second most used building material (after water) worldwide. Masonry grout is similar to concrete except that grout has a high water content and smaller size aggregates. The excess water is immediately absorbed into the masonry units during placement, which lowers the water/cement ratio and allows for a normal hydration process. During the process of making Portland cement, more than 1/5 ton of carbon dioxide is produced for every ton of cement with 60% of the carbon dioxide production due to a chemical reaction. There is currently no viable remedy to …

Teaching Architects And Engineers: Up And Down The Taxonomy, Edmond P. Saliklis, Robert Arens, Joseph Hanus

Architectural Engineering

Engineering faculty and Architecture faculty both address student learning through the prism of Bloom’s taxonomy of the cognitive domain, but do so in diametrically opposite manners. Engineering faculty tend to assess student learning starting at the lowest taxonomy level, Acquisition of Knowledge, and progress in their curriculum and courses to the higher levels of Synthesis and Evaluation. Compare this to a studio environment in an undergraduate Architecture curriculum, where the faculty often begin with the highest levels, such as Evaluation in applying value judgments about the adequacy of the design and Synthesis, by putting disparate pieces of …

Project Managers, Architects, And Engineers--Oh My! An Interdisciplinary Collaboration, David Lambert, Allen Estes, Craig Baltimore

Architectural Engineering

The Architectural Engineering (ARCE) Program at the California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo is creating a unique and novel interdisciplinary course where architecture, architectural engineering and construction management students collaborate to design and plan the construction of a building structure. The current plan is to develop a default interdisciplinary experience that can be taken by every student and then allow course substitutions for other options as they are created. This paper reports on one of those other options, specifically a unique real world, global, multi-disciplinary experience in East Africa that has resulted from a master’s degree project that …

Incorporating Constructability In The Design Of Masonry Structures, James Mwangi, Craig Baltimore

Architectural Engineering

The International Building Code (IBC) has now been adopted as the model design code for most states and territories of the United States of America. For Masonry design, the IBC references the Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures (MSJC) for material properties, design procedures, specifications and quality control. Individual state codes then amend the two documents (IBC and MSJC) appropriately.

In high seismic regions of the United States, hollow block of concrete masonry units (CMU) are the material of choice in masonry construction. The CMU’s are built using sand, pea gravel, cement and water. CMU is typically delivered …

Teaching The Design: Timber Shear Walls And Developing Student Engineering Judgement And Intuition Through A Hands-On Experience, Craig Baltimore, James Mwangi, Brent Nuttall

Architectural Engineering

Engineering judgement and intuition are vital characteristic of the design profession. Engineering judgement and intuition are developed through experience. This experience is gained by designing a building (working with industry disciplines and the owner); analyzing the building (calculations); being part of the construction process (constructability), and walking through the final product (end user). Teaching design means, in part, developing engineering judgement and intuition. This may best be accomplished by incorporating active learning experiences.

For timber and masonry buildings, the shear wall is the lateral resisting system of choice. A hands-on experience has been developed as a simple exercise in constructing …

Managing Risks Associated With The Jbcc(Principal Building Agreement) From Thesouth African Contractor’S Perspective, Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman, Nishani Harinarain

Architectural Engineering

Construction is a complex and risky business. It is a time-consuming process involving a multitude of organisations with different objectives and skills. In addition, increasing client expectations coupled with the technological development of materials and equipment made the construction industry subject to more risks than any other industry. Contracts are essential tools for organising the relationship between involved parties and managing associated risk. For years the South African construction industry had a very poor reputation in managing construction risks. In order to improve the image of the South African construction industry and to assist contractors to develop their proper risk …

Corporate Social Responsibility Of Architectural Design Firms Towards Sustainable Built Environment In South Africa, Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman

Architectural Engineering

The construction industry makes a vital contribution to the social and economic development of every country. Buildings provide their users with places for housing, education, culture, medication, business, leisure and entertainment. None of these buildings will perform its function unless supported with efficient road networks, superlative telecommunications facilities, water and electricity. On the other hand, the construction industry has major impacts on the environment. It is a very large consumer of non-renewable resources, a substantial source of waste, pollution, land dereliction and energy consumption. This highlights the responsibility of present generations to use the available resources in a way that …

Preparing Students For The Environment Of The Practice Of Consulting Engineer, James Mwangi, Craig Baltimore, Brent Nuttall

Architectural Engineering

In the United States of America, the body of knowledge required for an individual to be allowed to take the engineering licensing examination, which on passing allows the individual to be in responsible charge of engineering projects, is usually defined by laws and regulations of each state. In California, the shortest path taken by most individuals is one where the individual graduates from an ABET accredited undergraduate program; passes the Engineer in Training (EIT) examination and works under the supervision of a licensed engineer for two years (one year if the individual has a Masters degree in relevant field).

In …

Capstone Projects: Integrating Industry Through Student Leadership, Brent Nuttall, James Mwangi, Craig Baltimore

Architectural Engineering

Capstone projects provide a unique opportunity for developing student leadership skills while integrating industry partners. While models for including industry partners in capstone projects have been discussed in prior literature, these models focus on faculty leadership in developing industry partnerships. This paper describes a capstone project model that encourages student, not faculty, leadership in engaging industry partners. Factors that influence successful project teaming of students and industry partners are identified and described using case study examples. The successes and difficulties of integrating industry in capstone project via student leadership are explored.

Tilt-Up Buildings, John W. Lawson

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Four Research Projects, One “Green” Theme, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

The purpose of this paper is to suggest ways that faculty can motivate students to do research through the timely and important issue of sustainable or “green” materials in architectural engineering. This paper will briefly describe four research projects undertaken by seniors in our architectural engineering department. Following these descriptions will be a series of pros and cons that the author has detected while mentoring these projects. Suggestions for best practices will then be presented as well as a discussion of how we assessed these projects. Finally, one of the research projects will be highlighted, with the goal of demonstrating …

Researchers And Practitioners: A Dual Track Path To Tenure That Works, Allen Estes, Brent Nuttall, Cole C. Mcdaniel

Architectural Engineering

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has published the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge (BOK) for the 21st Century and has produced a draft version of the follow-on BOK II, both which attempt to define the knowledge, skills and attitudes required of a civil engineer. A section of that document addresses who should teach this body of knowledge. It concludes that civil engineering faculty must be scholars, effective teachers, practitioners, and role models. In most universities, practitioners are included on the faculty as adjunct professors. They are paid less and are not viewed as full-fledged partners. The Architectural Engineering …

Exceed Teaching Workshop: Tenth Year Anniversary, Allen Estes, Ronald Welch, Stephen J. Ressler, Norman Dennis, Debra Larson, Carol Considine, Tonya Nilsson, Jim O'Brien, Thomas A. Lenox

Architectural Engineering

In response to the need for faculty training, the American Society of Civil Engineers developed and funded the ExCEEd (Excellence in Civil Engineering Education) Teaching Workshop that is today – the summer of 2008 – celebrating its tenth year of existence. For the past decade, nineteen ExCEEd Teaching Workshops (ETW) have been held at the United States Military Academy, the University of Arkansas, and Northern Arizona University, with two more workshops scheduled for this summer for a total of 21 offerings. ETW has realized 449 graduates from 203 different U.S. and international colleges and universities. This paper summarizes the content …

Arch Building For Kids: What Did They Learn? What Did We Learn?, Edmond P. Saliklis

Architectural Engineering

This paper will describe a teaching module that several senior architectural engineering students developed as their senior project. The teaching module targeted 5th or 6th grade students with the goal of creating an engineering outreach program that demonstrated a structural mechanics concept in a fun and interesting manner. The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale behind the teaching module, and to document the changes we made to the module as we assessed its impact over several trial runs.

Simplicity, Scale, And Surprise: Evaluating Structural Form, Edmond P. Saliklis, Michael Bauer, David P. Billington

Architectural Engineering

Aesthetic and ethical issues of building design are presented here to encourage meaningful discussion among today’s architectural engineering students and practitioners. The evaluative aesthetic ideas of scale, simplicity, and surprise are applied to two important structures designed by Fazlur R. Khan. Khan’s profound understanding of load flow in his buildings influenced his aesthetic ideas. Furthermore, his aesthetic ideas were intimately intertwined with his ethical ideas about structural logic and the role of structure in architecture. We explore these ideas and present new insights as well. Our goal is to encourage a public discourse within our profession on the topic of …

Urban Branding Strategies And The Emerging Arab Cityscape: The Image Of The Gulf City, Mona Helmy

Architectural Engineering

Since 1970, oil has given the Arab Gulf cities the opportunity to break regional and international records in urban development and economic growth, experiencing dramatic changes in the political, economic and socio-cultural domains, and especially in architecture and urbanism. The development of oil urbanization was shaped by the different practices of "Urban Branding" and city marketing processes. More important, "Urban branding" presents the duality of the emerging cityscape, in which the "perceived images" of the city as a tangible experience of the "urban landscape" interacts with the "brand image" of the city created by the media generated image or "urban …

Corporate Social Responsibility For Solving The Housing Problem For The Poor In South Africa, Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman, Basheera Mia

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Incorporating Value And Risk Management Principles In Developing Low-Income Housing Projects, Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman

Architectural Engineering

The construction industry is concerned with satisfying its customers’ needs through delivering projects that achieve their objectives and meet their expectations on time, within budget and as specified. Despite the several housing programmes constructed by government authorities, there is a real housing problem for the poor. This problem is attributed to a number of reasons. Amongst them, the inability of the low-incomers to cover the cost of supplied houses and the lack of the constructed projects to achieve users’ satisfaction. This highlighted the need to develop innovative and creative solutions that can deliver housing projects that achieve the satisfaction of …

Tilt-Up Building Seismic Design - Precast Or Cast-In Place?, Joe Steinbicker, John Lawson

Architectural Engineering

Tilt-up buildings have been successfully designed and constructed throughout the United States for over fifty years. Today, the tiltup method of construction is used extensively to build all types of buildings, currently at a rate of 300,000,000 square feet of tilt-up concrete panels constructed in the United States each year. Recently, with the adoption of the 2006 edition of the International Building Code (IBC) in conjunction with the ASCE 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures , there has developed some confusion over what building type should tilt-up construction be classified for the purposes of seismic design – …