Architecture Commons^™

Multicriteria Analysis For Identification Of Potential Urban Green Spaces In Gjakova (Kosova), Eli Binxhija, Edon Maliqi

International Journal of Business and Technology

Green spaces are essential for maintaining the quality of life. Due to rapid urbanization, they are rapidly disappearing in Gjakova. This study aims to automate the process of identifying the suitable areas for future urban green spaces in Gjakova city, considering multiple criteria, including: topographic, environmental and socio-economic. The study has integrated multi-criteria spatial analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS), in order to evaluate the suitability of the site selection of urban green spaces. It combines a number of factors in both data models (vector and raster), such as land use/land cover, elevation, slope, existing green areas, proximity to road, …

Review On Law On Protection From Environmental Noise And Its Implementation In Kosovo, Elsa Buzhala, Eli Binxhija, Egzon Bajraktari

UBT International Conference

Despite its significant impact on public health and quality of life, noise pollution remains one of the least addressed forms of environmental degradation in Kosovo. This study aims to critically analyze the existing legal framework for environmental noise protection, with particular focus on Law No. 02/L-102, and to assess its practical implementation in the urban context of Kosovo. By employing an integrated methodological approach—including documentary analysis of domestic and European legislation, direct noise level measurements in selected urban areas, and interviews with citizens and institutional representatives—the study identifies a range of shortcomings in both the design and enforcement of noise …

The Impact Of Demographic Characteristics On The Development Of Formal Settlements And Spatial Planning Management In Kosovo: A Comparative Analysis With Eastern Europe, Venera Gonxha, Jetmire Gallopeni

UBT International Conference

This study investigates the critical relationship between demographic dynamics and urban development in post-conflict Kosovo, analyzing how population characteristics shape formal settlement growth and spatial planning efficacy. Using a mixed-methods approach, we integrated quantitative data from the Kosovo Agency of Statistics (2011-2024) with qualitative insights from expert interviews (n=15) and spatial analysis through GIS. Results indicate that Kosovo’s youthful demographic profile, rapid annual urbanization rate (1.8%), and intense internal migration have directly driven unregulated urban expansion, a proliferation of informal settlements, and significant strain on public infrastructure. Our analysis identifies a pronounced misalignment between demographic pressures and institutional planning capacities, …

Noise Pollution In Urban Environment – Comparison Between Czechia And Kosova And Lessons Learned, Egzon Bajraktari

UBT International Conference

In November 2024 a seminar was held addressing noise pollution and urban planning with the students of Czech Technical University in Prague (CTUP), Masaryk Institute of Advanced Studies (MIAS). During the course Urban Management the students are informed about sound, acoustics as the study of sound, environmental noise and measures and strategies for mitigation and control of noise pollution in urban environments. In particular the seminar addressed noise pollution in Czechia and Kosovo as separate case studies, compare the situation of noise pollution in both countries and derive lessons learned. With the students of, a small research study was initiated. …

Interpreting Post-1960 Turkish Modernism Through Architectural Journals: Pluralist Reflections, Luca Orlandi, Zeynep Sena Ekiz

UBT International Conference

This paper investigates how the idea of architectural pluralism was constructed in Turkish architectural journals and how this discourse contributed to the reinterpretation of modernism in the second half of the 20th century. Focusing on key publications such as Mimarlık, Arkitekt, Yapı, and Arredamento Mimarlık, it analyzes journals published between 1960 and 2000, with particular attention to articles that reflect on the architecture of the 1960s and 1970s and the emergence of pluralist discourse during that period, as seen through architectural and professional debates. Rather than approaching pluralism as merely a stylistic shift, this paper frames it as a multifaceted …

The Dialogue Of Light: Humanity, Spirituality And Sacred Spaces, Shkurte Dalipi, Sanelina Sadiki, Shaindera Krasniqi

UBT International Conference

The shape of human experience involved in sacred architecture has been always impacted by the light as a fundamental element. In addition, the profound relationship between natural light, spiritual perception, and the human presence in sacred spaces is elaborated in this theme. In religion, light symbolizes the truth, the triumph of good over evil, or even the God itself, and as such it is the key emotional medium in religious and spiritual architecture that evokes transcendence. The role of light in architecture is to invite a reflection on how daylight is intertwined with architectural form to create rooms that develop …

Critical Observations On Effectiveness Of Urban Planning Documents And Processes In Kosovo During 2000 - 2025, Egzon Bajraktari, Binak Beqaj, Shqiprim Ahmeti

UBT International Conference

The shrinking population in towns throughout Italy has left many abandoned public spaces. The sustainable revitalization of these public spaces and their historic backgrounds could bring back the city life in these towns and attract visitors from outside. Achieving the goals of environmental sustainability in small town historic sites should be done carefully inside their context, all the while focusing on bringing people together in a social space. The goal of this paper is researching of the use of sustainable technologies such as vertical gardening and Living Wall Systems to be used as sustainable solutions tackling climate issues, at the …

Bridging The Scale Gap In Climate Action Plans: Conceptual And Spatial Fragmentation From Ecocity Visions To Building-Scale Strategies, Gizem Köprülü

UBT International Conference

Cities are increasingly developing strategies to adapt to the impacts of climate change. The need for strategies from urban planning to building-scale interventions, is also emphasized in the climate action plans of European capitals. In this context, considering values such as climate resilient design and citizen involvement in the process should be the most important part of an effective climate response. This paper examines this disconnect in the context of Europe’s differing climatic problems—floods and heavy rainfall in the North, drought and urban heat island effects in the South—and the shifts in climate zones that cause these problems to become …

14th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2025, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

Welcome to IC – UBT 2025

UBT Annual International Conference is the 14th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …

Shtëpi Banimi E Vetëqëndrueshme Villa S, Jon Fida

Theses and Dissertations

Kjo tezë fokusohet në hulumtimin dhe zhvillimin e një dizajni të vilës së qëndrueshme duke respektuar standartet ZEB të projektimit. Për dizajnimin e vilës së qëndrueshme do të merren për bazë standartet ZEB për dizajnim dhe projektim të vilave.

Lokacioni i përzgjedhur për dizajnimin e vilës së qëndrueshme në Mavrovë, përbën një sfidë në vete. Përzgjedhja e materialeve, përpos që duhet të përshtatet me lokacionin, duhet ti plotësojë nevojat e izolimit termik, si dhe kërkesat dhe vlerat për një zhvillim bashkëkohor. Intenca për një izolim të duhur termik, me një përfundim me ndikim sa më të vogël në mjedis.

Observations Regarding Building Placement And Site Planning In Contemporary Architecture In Prishtina, Egzon Bajraktari

UBT International Conference

Many buildings have been erected in Kosovo’s urban landscape since 2000, especially in the capital city Prishtina. These buildings differ in shape, materials, colors and many other aspects. Quite often the construction of individual buildings was not fully supported with appropriate infrastructure, e.g. roads, pavements, public space etc. Altogether there is concern about the quality of the architecture being delivered. In this regard one particular aspect is the placement of the building on site and site planning. Many problems have been observed in the placement of new buildings leading to fractured spaces around buildings, difficulties accessing buildings etc. There are …

The Importance Of Lighting In The Architectural Design Of Individual Houses, Ermal Canaj, Lulzim Beqiri

UBT International Conference

This thesis explores the importance and benefits of natural lighting in the architecture of individual buildings. The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of natural light on improving the quality of life and the energy efficiency of buildings. The use of natural lighting can reduce the need for artificial lighting, bringing economic and ecological benefits. The methodology used includes analysis of existing literature, case studies and computer simulations to assess the impact of natural lighting on architectural design. The results show that the integration of natural lighting in the architectural design not only improves the aesthetics of …

Identification Of The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Building Thermal Insulation Materials In Terms Of Thermal Characteristics And Investment Costs, Hazbi Kryeziu, Petrit Ahmeti

UBT International Conference

This study evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of various thermal insulation materials throughout their life cycle, from production to recycling. The environmental impact during production is assessed by measuring greenhouse gas emissions in carbon dioxide equivalents. The study has been focused on three main thermal insulating 117 materials - EPS, PUR and Mineral Wool, which are more commonly applied in the market of the Republic of Kosovo. A combination of comparisons methods has been applied to identify investment costs differences, thermal properties, recycling possibilities and fire resistance of these materials. The results reflect clearly the advantages and disadvantages of treated …

Biophilic Design In Architecture And Its Side Effects: Potential Side Effects And Challenges Of Biophilic Design, Visar Shllaku, Kaltrina Veselaj Shllaku

UBT International Conference

Biophilic design in architecture aims to integrate natural elements into built environments to promote wellbeing and connectivity with nature. However, it presents several potential side effects and challenges. Maintenance issues arise as natural elements require regular upkeep, and without it, they can deteriorate and pose health hazards. High start-up costs and long-term maintenance charges can limit feasibility, while sensitivities as allergic reactions to plants and natural elements can cause to occupants’ health problems issues. Indoor gardens increased water usage can lead result to higher operational costs as well as concerns towards sustainability. Additional supports for large plants and water features …

Ai In Architecture: Achieving A Balance Between Computational Insights And Human Creativity, Gazmend Uka

UBT International Conference

Graham Wallas identifies the four fundamental steps in the creative process: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification. This paper investigates the selective integration of artificial intelligence into the creative framework, with an emphasis on the preparation and verification stages to improve creativity without compromising human inventiveness. AI can speed up data collection and trend analysis throughout the preparation process, allowing architects to focus on conceptual and high-level ideas. In the verification stage, AI may carefully evaluate and improve ideas, ensuring their practicality and resilience through thorough analysis and feedback. By carefully incorporating artificial intelligence into various phases of selected architectural projects, …

Urban Symbiosis: Rethinking Public Space In Vushtrri, Gazmend Uka

UBT International Conference

This paper explain process of designing a new urban square in the ancient city of Vushtrri, Kosovo, situated between a 500-year-old Turkish Bath(“Hamam”) and the modern Municipality Building. The proposal presented significant challenges due to the limited space and the need to respect the historical and contemporary architecture and to add a new layer of public square. In order to comprehend the potential of a square to effectively support urban life and enhance its quality, it is important to take into account the notion of urban symbiosis. Applying the concept of urban symbiosis in the built environment, the design fosters …

13th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2024, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

Welcome to IC – UBT 2024

UBT Annual International Conference is the 13th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …

Multicriteria Analysis For Identification Of Potential Urban Green Spaces In Gjakova (Kosova), Eli Binxhija, Edon Maliqi

UBT International Conference

Green spaces are essential for maintaining the quality of life. Due to rapid urbanization, they are rapidly disappearing in Gjakova. This study aims to automate the process of identifying the suitable areas for future urban green spaces in Gjakova city, considering multiple criteria, including: topographic, environmental and socio-economic. The study has integrated multi-criteria spatial analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS), in order to evaluate the suitability of the site selection of urban green spaces. It combines a number of factors in both data models (vector and raster), such as land use/land cover, elevation, slope, existing green areas, proximity to road, …

The Tower As A Residential Object In The Area Of Shala E Bajgora, Pajazit Hajzeri

UBT International Conference

The tower, a traditional form of housing, has had a role in the social, economic and cultural life of Sala e Bajgora. This study explores the function and importance of the tower in this mountainous area of Kosovo, analyzing the architecture, construction materials and functionality characteristics that were made in such a way to live in a difficult and isolated environment. The tower was not just a residential structure, but a symbol of family identity and resistance to harsh natural and social conditions. Through interviews with local residents and historical analysis, this paper aims to further illuminate the ways in …

The Dynamic Landscape: Design, Ecology And Urban Green Spaces, Nexhat Balaj

UBT International Conference

During the covid-19 pandemic urban green spaces were a significant source of leisure activities. In this study are presented some urban solutions and proposals for a design of the city park, with plants, playground for children, walking paths, lighting, sating areas, water areas, ect. Green spaces are important landscapes in an urban structure that provide a natural environment and recreation space. Urban green spaces are well documented for socioeconomic and environmental benefits in urban areas by enhancing the natural environment and human health. The purpose of this paper is to present how quality of urban public spaces and urban vegetation …

International On Architecture And Spatial Planning, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

UBT Annual International Conference is the 13th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make them be aware of the recent …

Global Organizations In The Domain Of Sustainable Architecture, Emphasizing Their Support Towards The Building Facade, Kaltrina Spahiu

UBT International Conference

In today's world, Sustainable Architecture is the focal point of research and the objective of numerous global organizations striving to achieve the principles of Energy Efficiency, as a correlation to creating buildings in the service of citizens. The principles upheld by these organizations serve as the foundation for many construction industries, engineers, and architects in the design, construction, and supply of building materials. Meanwhile, the building envelope in this context is a position that receives much attention, with positive promises at the end of Sustainable Architecture objectives.

This work is accomplished through research methods such as analytics, synthesis, and generalization. …

12th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2023, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

Welcome to IC – UBT 2023

UBT Annual International Conference is the 12th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …

Modern Architecture In The City Of Tetova, 1945-1990, Kujtim Elezi, Nuran Saliu

UBT International Conference

The aim of this paper is to present the Modern architecture in the city of Tetova, for the period time between 1945-1990. The first part of the paper aims to clarify the end of the NEO architecture that was rapidly produced in the town some time before and after the World War II. Here, one can follow the strength and the power of the style presented in buildings, but also the smooth way of ending the NEO architecture and the very begin of Modern understanding of making new architecture. The new begin in the city architecture was also followed by …

Digital Techniques For The Accessibility And Promotion Of Historical Buildings: A Case Study Of The Former-Yugoslavian Embassy In Tirana, Papa Dorina

UBT International Conference

T

he urban character of a city lies in the layers of different historical buildings. Understanding, safeguarding, and showcasing this history demand a deep understanding of the city's architectural heritage. Today, rapid advancements in digital technologies, including 3D modeling, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and online accessibility, facilitate the identification and promotion of cultural heritage. These technologies bring into life historical objects or artifacts in places inaccessible to the public or objects that have been lost and no longer exist. This not only disseminates and promotes historical heritage but also plays a crucial role in preserving collective memory. In …

Preliminary Results On Survey About Noise Pollution Sources In Kosovo, Egzon Bajraktari, Katarina Palushaj, Lyra Bakija, Egzona Ymeri, Besart Ymeri

UBT International Conference

Urban landscape in Kosovo has changed rapidly in the last two decades. Many urban development and infrastructure projects were carried out. Density of the urban fabric has increased and urban sprawl has stretched out city boundaries. On the other hand and at the same time people’s lifestyle has changed and their living standard has increased as well, which can be seen, for example, in the increased number of cars in traffic. All of these developments lead to a noisy environment in Kosovo. Noise pollution is spread out as a phenomenon in Kosovo urban environments though not so much addressed or …

Transformative Cities, Challenges Towards Resilient And Green City (Case Study: Prishtina), Binak Beqaj

UBT International Conference

Transformative cities and the rapid development dynamics of countries in transition are interconnected components in terms of challenges! The concepts of rapid development of cities are related to the research question:

§ What if modern city development is challenged by: dynamism, flexibility and ecology?

While the concept of the flexible and dynamic city relates to physical, economic and social elements; the other concept of the ecological city relates to resources, diversity and reconstruction.

The key issue of planning transformative cities remains the integration of these two main concepts within the development process through institutional, regulatory and financial approaches!

Navigating Cultural Biases In Smart City Models: An Analysis Of Environmental And Social Implications., Alessandro Masoni

UBT International Conference

This paper examines Western cultural biases and their impact on how Smart City models address environmental and social issues by exploring the gap between the idealized Smart City concept and its real-world implementation. Despite enthusiasm and investment in smart cities, several unresolved shortcomings remain, and the study attempts to critically assess the interference of cultural biases in achieving the expected goals. Smart cities rely heavily on technology, but concerns such as increased resource consumption, exclusion of marginalized groups, gender bias and privacy underline the need for enhanced ethical considerations. In addition, economic interests often prioritize short-term gains over long-term sustainability. …

Form Is Function: New Comprehension Through Parametric Architecture, Visar Shllaku

UBT International Conference

While form and function are distinct elements in the design, they share an inseparable correlation. The form, in conjunction with the architectural space, embodies its intended function; the form itself is the function and structure of the architecture. In parametric design, the relation between form and function becomes closer. Functional requirements often direct the form with parameterization according to the needs and conditions presented or given as parameters. This paper explores the concept of "Form is Function" in the context of parametric architecture, examining how parametric design challenges conventional notions and offers new comprehension of the relation between form and …

The Right Of Housing In Kosovo, Challenges Of Transformation Of The Permanent User Right, Ramë Hamzaj, Joy Zeynullah

UBT International Conference

In Kosovo, after the period of 1999, transformations were carried out in the constitutional and legal aspect, but the right to transform housing right was not a priority. As a result of this, adequate policies have not been created to identify all housing issues, aimed at residential units or buildings built before 1999. There have also been no efforts to create new policies, which prioritize the issue of transformation from the possessor to the owner of housing, as an issue with a great social and economic impact . After 1999, the transformation of the right of housing, acquired during the …