Architecture Commons^™

Rock Creek Middle School Daylighting Analysis: Existing And Proposed Spaces, Razieh Hosseini Nezhod, Ashley Mcdaniel-Harpster, Sergio Palleroni, David Posada, Rosemary Hill, Bora Architects

Research-Based Design Initiative

Bora is starting design work on a conversion of Rock Creek Middle School (completed by BORA in 2010) into a high school. This conversion was always envisioned and will soon become a reality. The project will double the size of the existing school, with additional structure being added lo most sides and even the roof of one wing. The will impact existing daylight access in various ways that we'd like to understand better. The goal of this research project is to help us understand existing daylight conditions in areas that will be impacted by proposed additions, leading to informed design …

Evaluating The Impact Of Glazing Orientation On Daylight Penetration Using Autodesk Insight, Randy Mueller, Srg Architects

Research-Based Design Initiative

The objective of this research project was to evaluate how glazing orientation impacts daylight penetration into a building. A Revit shoebox model of a room containing glazing on a single wall was constructed and Autodesk Insight was used to perform the daylighting analysis. Maximum daylight penetration was achieved when the model was analyzed with glazing orientated toward the east or the west. However, northern and southern glazing orientations produced a more consistent and uniform distribution of daylighting throughout the room. The results demonstrate the importance of glazing orientation when incorporating natural light into a building design.

Virtual Reality & Gamification For Pre-Occupancy Training, Corey T. Griffin, Jenny Rodriguez, Gwen Ward, Bynum Laboratories, Opsis Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

The objective of this research is to analyze and compare user behavior and learning retention via gamified and non-gamified virtual reality for use in pre-occupancy training. After completing trials for both gamified and non-gamified virtual reality we issued a standardized post-experience survey to collect data on what the participants learned, then compared and analyzed the results. The benefits of virtual reality and gamification have both been extensively studied and both suggest they are independently effective teaching tools. In our trials we have found that participants who went through the gamified virtual reality training were 50% more likely to come away …

Daylighting Optimization Study: Rock Creek High School Commons Skylight Optimization, Razieh Hosseini Nezhad, Heather Mcginn, Nicholas Papaefthimiou, Rosemary Hill, Bora Architects

Research-Based Design Initiative

The aim of this study is to optimize the shape of the skylights in order to enhance daylighting. Rhino, Diva, Grasshopper, and Galapagos ore the softwares utilized to test differing shapes on top and bottom of the shaft of the skylight, and the findings show preference to those with beneficial impacts on Spatial daylighting autonomy (sDA) of greater than 55% and Annual Solar Exposure (ASE) of less than l 0%. Selecting metrics within the above parameters result in optimal skylight geometry with highest daylighting output. The initial purpose of the experiment was to optimize the design of the skylight shaft …

Zgf Structure Revisted: A Study In Mass Timber For Reed Residence Hall, Portland State University. School Of Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

A study in the benefits of designing with CLT and Mass Timber versus PT Concrete and design flexibility between the two systems.

Skylight Design Optimization, Robert Wilson, Sarut Choothian, Srg Partnership

Research-Based Design Initiative

The Gonzaga Integrated Science and Engineering Building is a 65,471 SF building set for completion in 2018. Located at a critical intersection between disciplines, and with a bridge to the existing PACCAR building, this new endeavor offers the opportunity for true multidisciplinary interaction. The focus of this research affects a critical area of the program. Specifically, to provide natural light to interior spaces located within this zone of interaction.

In order to foster the type of interpersonal connections that this new center hopes to facilitate, attanding to user comfort becomes a primary focus of utmost importance. Well implimented daylighting has …

Pre-Occupancy Training With Virtual Reality, Portland State University. School Of Architecture, Opsis Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

Project Overview:

Opsis Architecture has teamed with Portland State University’s Research-Based Design Initiative to study occupant behavior and energy consumption. The relationship between people and building control systems is a critical factor in overall building energy performance. Conventional energy models rely on static, overly simplistic patterns of occupant behavior and are unable to provide energy performance predictions that reflect realistic use. Thoughtfully designed passive systems are ineffective unless operated as intended, resulting in a performance gap between predicted energy consumption and measured energy consumption post-occupancy. Utilizing virtual reality (VR) simulation with game engine technology, this team is studying the potential …

Hacker Passive Cooling Design, Portland State University. School Of Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

We initially started this project with the sole mission of analysing the total greenhouse gas emissions of the new library using the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis Calculator (or GGEA) developed by PAE. During our first visit with PAE, we were informed of the exponential effect refrigerants have on ozone depletion. Some having a global warming potential factor of more than 1800 times that of CO2. This prompted us to make Passive Cooling and eliminating refrigerants our number one goal for this project. From this analysis we were able to discover the EUI and the carbon footprint for Code, Better, and …

Milwaukie Ledding Library Cooling System Optimization, Portland State University. School Of Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

The Milwaukie Ledding Library (MLL) by Hacker Architects is a new construction 20,000SF project in Milwaukie, Oregon. The City of Milwaukie, the client, wanted to target high sustainability goals, pursuing the Energy Trust of Oregon's path to a net-zero program and LEED certification. The initial research proposal incorporated passive cooling to optimize hydronic radian slab cooling using air-to-water heat pumps designed for radiant heating. Dedicated to a cooling strategy taking advantage of as many passive elements as possible given time, design, and budget constraints, Hacker and PAE considered adding operational or actuated windows to aid with night flush as well …

Table Of Contents

Anthós

This document includes the front matter and table of contents for this issue of Anthós.

Land Use Zoning In America: The Case For Inclusionary Policy, Thomas Geffner

Anthós

Residential zoning code has been one of the most powerful forces in shaping the growth of modern American cities. By regulating which types of buildings can go where, zoning code has led to the creation of suburbs as we know them, with row after row of detached single-family homes. Indeed, the American city would look drastically different if it were not for the creation of zoning codes. But how did the institution that is American zoning come to exist? This essay will attempt to answer that question by exploring the early history of zoning, starting in the 1910s. It will …

The Histories Of New York City’S Parks, Catherine Mcneur

History Faculty Publications and Presentations

This is the introduction to the Journal of Planning History volume 16 issue 2, 2017.

Trip And Parking Generation At Transit-Oriented Developments, Reid Ewing, Guang Tian, Torrey Lyons, David Proffitt, Preston Stinger, Rachel Weinberger, Ben Kaufman, Kevin Shivley

TREC Final Reports

The decision of how best to allocate land around transit stations is a debated topic, with transit officials often opting for park-and-ride lots over active uses such as multifamily housing, office, and retail organized into transit-oriented developments (TODs). In practice, guidelines for providing parking and mitigating vehicle trips come mainly from the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual and the ITE Parking Generation Manual. However, both manuals have well-known shortcomings. The goal of this study is to determine how many fewer vehicle trips are generated at TODs, and how much less parking is required at TODs, than ITE …

Interview With Ted Lorensen, Ted Lorensen, Lloyd Chapman, James B. Knight, Michael Rupp

People and the Land: An Oral History of Oregon’s Statewide Land Use Planning Program

Ted Lorensen was interviewed by Michael Rupp, Lloyd Chapman, and Jim Knight on October 20, 2017, in Portland, Oregon.

Lorensen was an Assistant State Forester with the Oregon Department of Forestry. He was instrumental in assisting DLCD in amending Statewide Planning Goal 4 (Forest Lands) and establishing land use rules for forest lands.

Citizen-Led Urban Agriculture And The Politics Of Spatial Reappropriation In Montreal, Quebec, Claire Emmanuelle Bach

Dissertations and Theses

Urban Agriculture (UA) has been practiced in Montreal, Quebec for well over a century. In the last five years or so, a renewed enthusiasm for UA has manifested itself in the form of citizen-led UA projects. The latter are often established in residual spaces, from vacant lots to sidewalks, and alleyways. These more spontaneous and informal UA practices point to a shift in how urban inhabitants perceive and use urban space. Through a case study of informal UA projects in Montreal, QC, this work brings attention to the dynamics surrounding the establishment of citizen-led UA projects, paying special attention to …

Extending The Season For The New White Salmon Pool, Chris Jones, Matt Stockstill, Yost Grube Hall Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

The city of White Salmon will be home to a new outdoor, public pool in the coming years in hope that the community's identity and participation can continue to grow. While the design in nearly complete, a new challenge has been set to investigate ways in which this new aquatic facility can host an extended season via a temporary enclosing structure. During the past few months, the White Salmon team has been investigating various options for enclosing systems and researching how, if at all, an extended season is possible using Sefaira simulation software and energy performance data.

Daylight Analysis: Analayzing Daylight Autonomy In The Early Phases Of Design On An Adaptive Reuse Project, Lauren Sanchez, Nick Vipond, Nicholas Papaefthimiou, Mike Manzi, Josh Brandt, Sarah Weber, Jacob Peel, Bora Architects

Research-Based Design Initiative

This research investigates methods for increasing the area of daylight autonomy in an adaptive reuse project with deep floorplates. The research employs DIVA simulation tool to assess daylight performance the early phases of design, quantified as Daylight Autonomy (DA), Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE). Findings from DIVA analysis reveal that light shelves decrease daylight autonomy but help to reduce glare.

Effective daylight design is critical in adapting a historic building with deep floorplates for office use. Activity-appropriate levels of daylight transmission can offset electrical lighting loads, provide comfortable conditions for occupants, and connect building occupants with …

Daylight & Glare, Sergio Palleroni, David Posada, Tucker Jones, Alyssa Brook, Jennifer Moran, Chad Wallace, Bora Architects

Research-Based Design Initiative

We conducted a daylighting and glare study for Bora Architects within their Portland business office space. The project was to examine the quality of daylight, consider the effectiveness of borrowed light, and strive to discover what LEED-compliant daylight autonomy really looks like. In addition we were tasked with running computer simulations to measure excess glare and look for ways to combat its effect. We were able to explore the effects of glare with in Bora’s workspace as it currently exists and look for interventions to improve perceived lighting level contrasts. The control of glare and daylighting can be an effective …

Source To Site: Unitarian Universalist Fellowship Of Central Oregon Material Analysis, Portland State University. School Of Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

The object of this research was to conduct a material analysis of the Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Central Oregon Church in Bend, Oregon designed by Hacker Architects (Portland, Oregon). This research produced an infographic narrative depicting the place of origin of the raw form of the primary building materials used in the church: wood, steel, stone, and concrete. An investigation of the project specifications and the material submittals developed the basis for this graphic narrative. The providers, contacted by the research students, gave insight into the initial sourcing location of the raw form of the material. This research examined a …

Neuberger Hall Portland State Univesity, Portland State University. School Of Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

CONCRETE’S CARBON FOOTPRINT:

90% of concrete mix emits a relatively small amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. The other 10%, cement, accounts for the vast majority of concrete’s embodied CO2. Concrete’s embodied CO2 is roughly equivalent to 9% of it’s weight Roughly 40% of the CO2 emitted from calcination will be reabsorbed through carbonation of concrete surfaces over a 100-year life cycle.

Knight Cancer Research Center, Alesha Evans, Zach Pate, Srg Architects, Catena, Brightworks

Research-Based Design Initiative

The Knight Cancer Research Building is a continuation of the OHSU campus located on the South Waterfront off Moody Avenue. On the course to LEED Platinum certification, KCRB is pursuing a LEED 4 pilot point that focuses on the influence early design decisions have on the longterm environmental impact of a new building project. Collaborating with team members from SRG, Brightworks Sustainability Consulting, and Catena Structural Engineers, we used Athena software to evaluate the building Life Cycle reduction impact with regard to the use of steel and concrete within the building’s structural system. As a starting point, we considered at …

Goldilocks Device Design, Mitchell Davis, John Williamson, Srg Architects

Research-Based Design Initiative

As the use of sustainability techniques in architecture increase more and more firms in the world have started to dive into the possibilities of how to create passive and net zero buildings, but in this exploration or techniques such as materials, solar shading, passive cooling there has been little thought into testing how well these techniques are actually working to improve the habitat and livability for the humans using these spaces. Although many buildings use meters to test the performance of a building for post occupancy there is little in the means of testing the human factor in these buildings …

Pcc Rock Creek Post Occupancy Evaluations, Ossie Pleasant, Ryan Ngo, Opsis Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

The objective of this research is to determine whether the new additions to Building 5 and Building 7 of Portland Community College at Rock Creek Campus fulfill the requirements for the LEED IEQ 7.2: Thermal Comfort-Verification credit for LEEDv2009.

Occupants of the new additions will take an anonymous survey regarding their thermal comfort and other aspects of the new additions via SurveyMonkey.

If the survey results indicate that more than 20% of occupants are dissatisfied with thermal comfort in the building, a plan for corrective action must be developed to fulfill the requirements of the credit. The results from SurveyMonkey …

Clt Parking Garage Tally Analysis, Ashwaq Al Khalil, Janna Ferguson, Austin Zeitz, Nicholas Papaefthimiou, Corey T. Griffin, Tucker Jones, Srg Partnership

Research-Based Design Initiative

The goal of this research project is divided into three components. First, utilize Tally to calculate the embodied energy and carbon of the CLT structural system of the Glenwood Parking Garage. Second, the embodied energy and carbon values will be compared against values found in a previous study for different structural systems in parking garages (pre-cast concrete, cellular steel, post-tensioned concrete). Finally, the subsequent dataset and process entailed in its generation will provide the basis for an evaluation of Tally as a tool for life cycle assessment as part of the design process. The assessment was completed using the established …

Barriers To Mass Timber Adoption Mid To High-Rise Buildings, Bianca Viggiano, Chad Wallace, Corey T. Griffin

Research-Based Design Initiative

Advancements in technology and manufacturing have provided the means to construct tal l wood buildings that are safe and cost effective while gaining the aesthetic and environmental benefits associated with mass timber. The objective of this research is to identify perceived barriers of the integration of mass timber as a desirable bui lding material for architects and structural engineers. Building on a previous study, surveys wi ll be distributed to professionals in the building science field to detect information gaps pertain ing to wood as a viable alternative to concrete in mid to high - rise applications.

Daylighting Analysis: Yost Grube Hall, L. Patterson, C. Hardman

Research-Based Design Initiative

The goal of this research is to produce a daylight and energy analysis of the Yost Grube Hall Ankeny ‘Net Zero’ Multi-Family Housing project.The examination of current daylight levels provides information on what is gained or lost in regards to daylighting and net-zero goals. A focus on the progression of the surrounding neighbourhood development will guide the different daylight studies. This combined with the other strategies employed by YGH in their design efforts forms a narrative about the realities of ‘Net-Zero’ architecture and the various routes to success.

Exploring Building Energy Use Modeling, Alyssa Brook, Kathleen Mitchell, Zgf Architecture

Research-Based Design Initiative

OBJECTIVE: The project objective was to analyze and test building energy use modeling software programs to find a quick and easy to use tool that can be implemented in the early stages of design. A list of programs was developed and narrowed down based on criteria important to architects in early design stages. Programs were tested and rated using a weighted criteria formula. Recommendations for capabilities and user interface of future energy modeling programs were made. This research is aimed at creating a methodology that makes it easier to analyze new energy modeling tools as they are developed in the …

Biosafety Cabinets In Laboratory Planning, Carrington Crities, Amy Peterson, Nicholas Papaefthimiou, Tucker Jones, Zgf Architects

Research-Based Design Initiative

The purpose of this research and white paper is to design architectural module layouts for practical laboratory use by integrating biosafety cabinets (BSCs) in replacement of traditional fume hood ducting systems and discuss the findings. The desired outcome of this work is to use knowledge gained from research to propose potential BSC layouts within a laboratory type building, and how BSCs can benefit laboratory design. Based on advantages and restrictions between each BSC class, BSCs are strategically placed in appropriate locations throughout the structure. The results show that implementing BSCs reduces the floor-to-floor height and allows for more flexible module …

Unitized Wall Systems, Ossie Pleasant, Lauren Sanchez, Nick Vipond, Sergio Palleroni, David Posada, Tucker Jones, Zgf Architects

Research-Based Design Initiative

ZGF is working on multiple large towers with short timelines that would benefit from quicker construction, which led us to unitized wall panels from a series of manufacturers. What often makes the construction process difficult is that there are independent organizations with differing priorities that must work together toward a common goal. By decreasing the number of trades, and minimizing construction time, a prefab system might allow earlier occupancy to regain building costs. With direction from discussions with the ZGF team, our efforts were initially focused on the comparison of three specific unitized wall systems: Island Exteriors, Sotawall and Enclos. …

Daylighting Analysis Of Neuberger Hall, Heather Larose, Rachel Sairio, Conner Scher, Hacker Architects

Research-Based Design Initiative

With the renovation of Neuberger Hall. one of the most highly used academic buildings on the PSU campus. it is crucial to balance the need for maximizing daylighting potential with the long term costs. With various design elements being considered it is necessary to understand the existing daylighting conditions to better enable us to provide effective and efficient design recommendations. Daylighting design plays a critical role in the quality of the learning and working spaces provided at Neuberger. as well as the effect on student comfort and productivity.