Architecture Commons^™

Field Calibration Of Flow Over Tilting Weirs In Canals, Joseph E. Pugh, Timothy K. Gates, S. Karan Venayagamoorthy, Caner Kutlu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Tilting weirs are widely used to regulate water levels in open channel irrigation systems and can also provide flow measurement capability that helps optimize irrigation efficiency and ensure equitable water distribution. This case study demonstrates adaptation of lab-based tilting weir ratings to field settings, where flow behavior is more complex. We compile and analyze an extensive data set derived from independent studies of five structures within three canal systems, featuring both lined and unlined channels with discharge ranging from 0.35 to 15 m3/s (12 to 530 ft3/s). Results indicate that lab-based rating equations can be calibrated to account for site-specific …

Effect Of Rheology Modification On Fiber Orientation And Dispersion In 3d-Printed Ultra-High-Performance Concrete, Haodao Li, Alfred Addai-Nimoh, Seongho Han, Kamal H. Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The extrusion process in 3D concrete printing (3DCP) facilitates horizontal alignment of steel fibers along the printing direction, thus enhancing the load-bearing capacity of printed elements. However, such shear-induced fiber alignment is highly sensitive to rheological properties. This study investigates how variations in dynamic yield stress (τd) and plastic viscosity (μ), influence the extrudability, fiber orientation and dispersion, and anisotropic mechanical behavior of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). Five viscosity-modifying agent (VMA) types were incorporated at two content levels to modify the rheology of printable UHPC. Results showed that moderate VMA additions improved printability, whereas excessive contents markedly increased τd and μ; …

Transforming Dredged Sediment Into Reactive Clay: Critical Review Of Calcination, Reactivity, And Sustainable Valorization As Supplementary Cementitious Material, Seongho Han, Sanghwon Wi, Koochul Ji, Keun Hyeok Yang, Farshad Rajabipour, Kamal H. Khayat, Jinyoung Yoon

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Dredged sediment (DS) is generated worldwide in large volumes through routine port and waterway maintenance, yet its disposal presents environmental and economic challenges. Recently, calcined dredged sediment (CDS) has emerged as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), offering a viable alternative to traditional SCMs, such as fly ash and slag cement. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of raw DS and pretreatment strategies aimed at dewatering, organic matter removal, and contaminant stabilization. The effects of calcination on the production of reactive amorphous aluminosilicates are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on physicochemical changes revealed by experimental …

Indirect Carbonation Of Fbc Ash For Sustainable Production Of Caco3 And Reactive Pozzolanic Residues, Suhawn Ju, Heejung Jun, Seongho Han, Minseok Kim, Soohyun Song, Mingi Cho, Sukhoon Pyo, Jinyoung Yoon

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the potential of indirect carbonation for CO₂ sequestration and high-purity CaCO₃ production using fluidized bed combustion (FBC) fly ash (FFA) and bottom ash (FBA). XRF and XRD analyses revealed high reactive CaO contents derived from lime, portlandite, and anhydrite. Calcium extraction using 1- mol NH₄Cl achieved markedly higher efficiency than deionized (DI) water, yielding up to 17,586 mg/L of Ca²⁺ and producing 10.2 wt.% and 8.4 wt.% CaCO₃ from FFA and FBA, respectively, with CO₂ capture capacities of 45.0 and 36.8 kg per ton of ash. The precipitated CaCO₃ exhibited …

Propagation And Interaction Of Gravity Currents Induced By Successive Release Of Two Lock Fluids, Khem Prasad Bhattarai, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the dynamics of sequentially released gravity currents in a lock-exchange configuration consisting of two lock fluids using high-resolution numerical simulations and compares them with the classical single-lock exchange. The results demonstrate that, in a two-lock-fluid configuration, the overtaking of the lighter lock current by the heavier lock current alters the current's front dynamics, leading to complex velocity transitions. Before overtaking occurs, the front propagation is slower than in the classical single-lock-fluid case because of lower density contrast, but after overtaking, the heavier lock fluid accumulates at the head region of the current and enhances its speed. The …

Methodology For Surface Defect Assessment In 3d Concrete Printing Using Computer-Vision And Ultrasonic Testing Considering Structural Build-Up, Seongho Han, Eunjong Ahn, Myoungsu Shin, John S. Popovics, Kamal H. Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study quantifies how interlayer time gaps and mixture rheology jointly influence interfacial integrity and mechanical performance in 3D concrete printing (3DCP). Two mixtures incorporating identical binders, but differing limestone fineness (4 and 50 μm) were printed with interlayer delays of 0, 2, and 5 min, corresponding to stacking rates of approximately 9, 0.5, and 0.2 m/h. The finer limestone mixture exhibited higher plastic viscosity (13.2 vs. 11.5 Pa s) and faster structural buildup (58 vs. 38 Pa/min), resulting in accelerated early stiffening. Deposition yield stress derived from buildup measurements remained low for 0–2 min (1400–1500 Pa for the higher-thixotropy …

Rheological Modification Of Alkali-Activated Slag Mortar: Roles Of Sodium Gluconate Retarder And Dispersants, Tae Yong Shin, Seongho Han, Ryong You, Yubin Jun, Jae Hong Kim

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Alkali-activated materials have emerged as promising low-carbon alternatives to ordinary Portland cement-based binders; however, their practical application is strictly limited by rapid setting and poor workability. To address these challenges, this study proposes an evaluation methodology combining setting time measurement, cloud point tests for chemical stability, and wide-range rheological analysis. While conventional superplasticizers like polycarboxylate ether (PCE) proved unstable in high-alkaline environments, cloud point tests revealed that polynaphthalene sulfonate (PNS) and butyl acrylate (BA) exhibited superior chemical stability. Notably, BA was identified as a novel and effective dispersant in 3.5 M KOH-activated systems, reducing yield stress of fresh mortar by …

Influence Of Co2 Curing On Carbonation Depth, Phase Composition, And Micro-Mechanical Properties Of Fbc Ash-Blended Cementitious Materials, Heejung Jun, Seongho Han, Sanghwon Wi, Jinyoung Yoon

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the physicochemical and mechanical performance of cementitious composites incorporating fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash under accelerated carbon dioxide (CO₂) curing. FBC ash, due to its high contents of free calcium oxide (CaO) and sulfate (SO₃), has been reported to cause challenges, such as volume instability and lower early-age strength. To address these limitations, CO2 curing was applied to promote accelerated carbonation and stabilize the hydration products. Cement paste and mortar samples, made with up to 40 % by cement weight replacement with FBC ash (labelled CF), were subjected to either CO₂ curing …

Bond Behavior Of Full-Scale Beams Using Sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete, Hayder H. Alghazali, Atheer H.M. Algburi, John J. Myers

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Sustainable concrete is a step towards greener and more eco-friendly concrete construction practices, helping to solve global environmental problems. The present study focuses on the bond behavior between steel reinforcement and greener self-compacting concrete, specifically sustainable self-compacting concrete (SUS-SCC). Three SUS-SCC mixtures with different fly ash (FA) to cement replacement levels of [50, 60, and 70% (by mass)] were developed. Twelve full-scale SUS-SCC beams with a cross-section of (305 x 57) mm and a total length of 3048 mm were cast and tested using a four-point load test setup. The effect of longitudinal and lateral steel reinforcement ratios in the …

Nonlinear Flow Structures From The Interaction Of Internal Waves With Topography, Matthew R. Klema, S. Karan Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents numerical simulations of the interaction of first-mode internal waves with a topographic edge at the intermediate scale, O (100) m, with a focus on the evolution of flow structures. Flow structure variation and evolution is explored through direct modifications to the amplitude of the internal wave interacting with topographic features of varying wave-topographic slope (g/s), height of the topography to the total domain depth (ht/d), and the wave Froude number (Fr = U0/cph), where g is the internal wave slope, s is the topographic slope, ht is the height of the topography, d is the simulation depth, …

Co2-Induced Changes In Rheology, Structural Evolution, And Particle Characteristics Of Cement Paste, Seongho Han, Tae Yong Shin, Seung Mo Kim, Jae Hong Kim, Kamal H. Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The injection of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into cementitious systems has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing sustainability in concrete production. This study explores the impact of CO₂ injection on the rheological behavior, structural build-up, and particle size evolution of cement paste by systematically varying the water-to-cement ratio (w/c) (0.35, 0.4, and 0.5) and CO₂ concentration (0.06, 0.28, and 0.84 mol). Rheological analysis revealed a significant increase in initial yield stress with CO₂ injection. Using the Modified Bingham model, yield stress increased by 72 % and 150 % for 0.28- and 0.84-mol CO₂, …

Common Ground Newsletter Fall 2025, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

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Demystifying The Discharge Coefficient For Flow Over Thin Weirs And Sills, Joseph E. Pugh, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy, Timothy K. Gates

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A revised derivation of the discharge coefficient for flows over thin weirs and sills in the limits of wall overflow to a free overfall is given. Using dimensional analysis, we show that the discharge coefficient, (Formula presented), in the classical weir-discharge equation is best understood as a weir Froude number, (Formula presented), which accounts for the combined effects of inertia, contraction and viscous energy losses within the flow field. A comprehensive set of experimental data from historical studies is complimented by new data from the authors, featuring both laboratory flume experiments and three-dimensional numerical simulations of weir flows. Synthesis of …

2025 Scholarly Productivity Report, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Scholarly Productivity Reports

No abstract provided.

Maldi-Mass Spectrometry Imaging To Investigate Distribution Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances In Exposed Poplar Tissues, Tonglin Zhou, Varuni Abhayarayne, Joseph Akor, Honglan Shi, Paul Ki-Souk Nam, Joel Gerard Burken, John Yang

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Co2 Utilization For Cementitious Materials - A Review, Seongho Han, Jae Hong Kim, Rohitashva Kumar Singh, Surendra P. Shah

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This review examines methods for utilizing CO₂ in construction materials to reduce the carbon footprint of cement and concrete production. Key approaches include direct carbonation of calcium silicates through CO₂ curing, use of industrial by-products as supplementary cementitious materials activated by carbonation, production of alternative binders and aggregates via CO₂ treatment of waste materials, injection of CO₂ into fresh concrete mixtures, and use of CO₂-dissolved mixing water. Both academic research and emerging commercial technologies are covered. While these methods show promise for enhancing material properties and sequestering CO₂, challenges remain in optimizing …

Polarimetry Based Radar Estimation Of Extreme Rainfall: Case Studies, Bong Chul Seo, Witold F. Krajewski, James A. Smith

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The study evaluated radar-derived polarimetric rainfall estimates for extreme rain events that occurred in the Kansas City Metropolitan area in the United States. To derive quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE), we implemented two polarimetric algorithms based on specific attenuation (A) and specific differential phase (KDP), along with the reflectivity (Z) based one using data from two radars in the study area. The analysis to assess radar-rainfall estimates (R) utilizes ground observations from a dense network of about 170 rain gauges. Based on our analysis results, the two polarimetric estimates from R(A) and R(KDP) outperform the conventional estimation R(Z). R(A) appeared to …

Individual Design Task Final Report Security Design, Ciarrah Bell

Honors Academy

"The Environmental Services Campus project is a comprehensive development designed to support the City of Springfield’s Environmental Services operations, with a focus on functionality, sustainability, and safety. The campus includes administrative office space, staff parking, a maintenance vehicle garage, and educational facilities aimed at community outreach. A component of the project is establishing site-wide security that not only protects personnel and assets but also integrates seamlessly with the architectural and environmental goals of the facility.

The primary focus of the Security IDT is the development and implementation of a comprehensive security strategy for the entire site. This includes designing and …

2024 Scholarly Productivity Report, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Scholarly Productivity Reports

No abstract provided.

Harmonizing Vaccine And Infrastructure Development To Tame Cholera Outbreaks Across Africa, Amira Mohamed Taha, Hussam Mahmoud, Emad M. Hassan, Mohamed M. Ghonaim

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Vaccines and clean water shortages continue to give rise to cholera outbreaks in Africa. Coordinated efforts to increase vaccine distribution and improve physical infrastructure are needed while considering future outbreaks and water demands due to conflicts and climate events.

Energetics Of Mode-1 Internal Waves Interacting With Topographic Ridges Of Varying Height And Slope, Matthew R. Klema, Subhas K. Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Energetics of mode-1 internal waves interacting with topographic ridges are investigated using high-resolution two-dimensional simulations at spatial scales of m that span between classical laboratory-scale (m) and field-scale simulations (m). This paper focuses on the energetics of wave-Topography interaction, with emphasis on systematically examining the partitioning of the incident wave energy as a function of wave forcing and topographic parameters. Partitioning of energy into the transmitted, reflected and dissipated components is quantified as a function of wave Froude number (velocity amplitude of forcing and internal wave celerity), slope criticality, where topographic slope and wave characteristic slope, and the ratio of …

Three-Dimensional Technique For Accurate Pavement Macrotexture Measurement Using Surface Volume Parameters, Alireza Pourhassan, Ahmed A. Gheni, Mohamed A. Elgawady

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study introduces a novel three-dimensional (3D) pavement macrotexture measurement technique using ISO 25178 Surface Volume Parameters (SVP). The method calculates pavement material volume and texture height using cutoff thresholds based on the cumulative probability density function of measured heights. The research aims to optimize these cutoff thresholds for accurate 3D analysis of pavement macrotexture. The study evaluates the performance of various 3D and 2D parameters—assessing their repeatability, reliability, and accuracy—across thirty pavement samples with diverse macrotexture conditions. Findings show that the 3D SVP method, with optimized cutoff thresholds, strongly correlates with sand patch mean texture depth (MTD) and exhibits …

Anti-Corrosion Performance Of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Coating On Steel Reinforcement: The Effect Of Boric Acid, Fan Zhang, Jihui Qin, Kangyi Cai, John J. Myers, Hongyan Ma

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

It has recently been found that magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC) paste coating applied on the surface of steel reinforcement can effectively retard the onset of corrosion and suppress corrosion reactions. However, the fast-setting nature of MKPC—which is a merit in repair—can be problematic in a practical engineering process of coating the steel reinforcement with MKPC paste. To address this problem, boric acid (H₃BO₃) was added as a retarder in an MKPC formulation to prolong the setting time. This work investigated the impact of boric acid (at 5% by weight of MgO) on the anti-corrosion performance …

Human-Centered Approach For Resilience Assessment Of Healthcare Networks Subjected To Sequential Earthquakes, Emad Hassan, Hussam Mahmoud

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Healthcare services are critical for community resilience and stability as their role after disastrous events is indispensable to reducing casualties and returning the community to normalcy. Sequential mainshock-aftershock events can damage hospital components, reduce utility availability, and cause multiple patient surges. No studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of mainshock-aftershock events on healthcare resilience. Accordingly, here we investigate the impact of multiple earthquakes on the healthcare network in Shelby County, Tennessee, and determine the optimal resources needed to enhance its functionality. The functionality is estimated by combining functionality quantity and quality terms. The quantity is calculated based on …

Improving Mechanical Properties Of Magnesium Phosphate Cement-Based Ultra-High Performance Concrete By Ultrafine Fly Ash Incorporation, Jihui Qin, Zhichao Zhang, Hongyan Ma, Xiaobing Dai, Xing Cheng, Xingwen Jia, Jueshi Qian

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Magnesium phosphate cement-based ultra-high-performance concrete (MPC-UHPC) develops strength rapidly but shows unsatisfactory ultimate strength (<150 >MPa). In this study, ultrafine fly ash (UFA) was incorporated in MPC-UHPC to improve mechanical properties. The effect of UFA content, varying from 0 % to 15 %, by weight of binder, on microstructure, fiber pullout behavior, mechanical strengths, flexural and tensile properties of MPC-UHPC reinforced with 2 vol% steel fibers was investigated. Experimental results indicate that the incorporation of 10 %–15 % UFA with mean particle size of 1.4 µm was effective in reducing porosity and microcracks of binder matrix and fiber–matrix interface, thereby …

Novel Insights On The Setting Process, Hardened Properties, And Durability Of Sustainable Ultra-High-Performance Seawater Sea Sand Concrete, Wei Zhang, Dawei Ding, Jianxing Sun, Feng Guo, Haibao Feng, Hongyan Ma, Shuxian Hong, Biqin Dong, Dongshuai Hou

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Using seawater and sea sand to prepare concrete could effectively alleviate the shortage of freshwater and river sand resources and promote the sustainable development of concrete. However, the current research on the setting process, hardened properties, and sustainability of ultra-high-performance seawater sea sand concrete (UHPSSC) remain considerably limited. In this paper, the UHPSSC was designed to mitigate the autogenous shrinkage and enhance the sustainability, and the effect of seawater, untreated and desalinated sea sand on the setting process, mechanical properties, durability, and sustainability was explored by various tests. Results show that the abundant ions (e.g., Cl- and SO42-) in seawater …

On The Turbulent Viscosity Parameter Cμ In The K–Ε Model, Harshit Mishra, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models depend on empirical constants to close the Reynolds stress terms. The empirical constants were obtained using experiments conducted at low Reynolds numbers several decades ago. In this paper, we revisit the turbulent viscosity parameter Cμ, based on the stress–intensity ratio c² = |uw|/k. Here, |uw| and k are the absolute values of the Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy, respectively. Through a priori comparisons, we find that the currently accepted value of Cμ = 0.09 does not agree with the latest direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental datasets of wall-bounded turbulent planar flows. Therefore, …

Pozzolanic Reactivity Of Carbonated High-Calcium Fly Ash: A Mechanism Study, Gao Deng, Nannan Zhang, Wenyu Liao, Hongyan Ma, Yongjia He, Linnu Lu, Lingyu Chi

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This research investigates the impact of accelerated carbonation treatment on the pozzolanic reactivity of high-calcium fly ash (HFA) by monitoring the reaction heat of HFA/carbonated HFA (CFA)-calcium hydroxide (CH) blends and elucidates the underlying factors influencing the pozzolanic reactivity. The results indicate that in HFA/CFA-CH blends, CFA exhibits a comparable pozzolanic reactivity to that of HFA. This is attributed to the carbonation products accelerating the formation of MonoCarb aluminate (main) and C-S-H, compensating for the reduced heat resulting from the diminished highly reactive components after the carbonation treatment. Additionally, the increased surface area due to carbonation treatment is favorable for …

Common Ground Newsletter Fall 2024, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

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Reduction In Scc Form Pressure Through In-Situ Co2 Mineralization, Sean Monkman, Soo Duck Hwang, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

One challenge of using self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for cast-in-place structural applications is that the rheological properties of the concrete (low yield stress and low plastic viscosity) can lead to increased lateral pressure exerted on the formwork. High structural build up and thixotropy can reduce the lateral pressure, thereby allowing for simpler formwork and faster construction. The addition of CO₂ to SCC, in proportions from 0.063 % to 0.250 %, by weight of cement, was investigated as a rheology modifier. The CO₂ served to increase the plastic viscosity with little impact on the dynamic yield stress up to a …